Podcast
Questions and Answers
What was the approximate world population during the prehistoric periods according to estimates?
What was the approximate world population during the prehistoric periods according to estimates?
Which factor did NOT impact fertility levels in prehistoric populations?
Which factor did NOT impact fertility levels in prehistoric populations?
How long was the life expectancy at birth approximately in prehistoric populations?
How long was the life expectancy at birth approximately in prehistoric populations?
Which event is believed to have influenced population growth starting around 8000 BC?
Which event is believed to have influenced population growth starting around 8000 BC?
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What type of population structure was common in prehistoric periods?
What type of population structure was common in prehistoric periods?
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Which of the following is a factor that could NOT have decreased population growth in prehistoric times?
Which of the following is a factor that could NOT have decreased population growth in prehistoric times?
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Which of these statements about population in the prehistoric periods is true?
Which of these statements about population in the prehistoric periods is true?
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The estimate of the world population exceeding 10 million has occurred during which of the following historical periods?
The estimate of the world population exceeding 10 million has occurred during which of the following historical periods?
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What was a major consequence of the development of agriculture in earlier societies?
What was a major consequence of the development of agriculture in earlier societies?
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What population estimate is associated with the Roman Empire during the early centuries of Christianity?
What population estimate is associated with the Roman Empire during the early centuries of Christianity?
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What was Aristotle's view on the ideal population size for societies?
What was Aristotle's view on the ideal population size for societies?
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Which of the following was a factor in the reduction of mortality rates during the Industrial Revolution?
Which of the following was a factor in the reduction of mortality rates during the Industrial Revolution?
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What method of birth control began to be used among upper-class families in France in the 1780s?
What method of birth control began to be used among upper-class families in France in the 1780s?
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What was the primary reason for Romans advocating for population growth?
What was the primary reason for Romans advocating for population growth?
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According to Ibn-i Haldun, how does population growth affect societal stability?
According to Ibn-i Haldun, how does population growth affect societal stability?
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What was the primary source of demographic information in the 18th century?
What was the primary source of demographic information in the 18th century?
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What is one of the potential negative effects of population growth during the Middle Ages?
What is one of the potential negative effects of population growth during the Middle Ages?
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What was a notable characteristic of the population changes during the agricultural shift?
What was a notable characteristic of the population changes during the agricultural shift?
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Which of the following statements about fertility during the Industrial Revolution is accurate?
Which of the following statements about fertility during the Industrial Revolution is accurate?
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What did Malthus hypothesize about population increase?
What did Malthus hypothesize about population increase?
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What role did marriage play in Roman population policies?
What role did marriage play in Roman population policies?
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Which region's records primarily informed the understanding of 18th-century health conditions?
Which region's records primarily informed the understanding of 18th-century health conditions?
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One aspect of population growth during the early ages was the impact on labor. What was the effect of increased population?
One aspect of population growth during the early ages was the impact on labor. What was the effect of increased population?
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What was a consequence of rising income in relation to population size?
What was a consequence of rising income in relation to population size?
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What describes the difference between population growth and resource increase according to Malthus' hypothesis?
What describes the difference between population growth and resource increase according to Malthus' hypothesis?
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Which principle underlies Malthus' concern about agricultural productivity?
Which principle underlies Malthus' concern about agricultural productivity?
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What are the two ways Malthus suggests population control occurs?
What are the two ways Malthus suggests population control occurs?
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What does Malthus argue will happen if rapid population growth is not controlled?
What does Malthus argue will happen if rapid population growth is not controlled?
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Which of the following exemplifies a positive measure of population control according to Malthus?
Which of the following exemplifies a positive measure of population control according to Malthus?
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In Malthus' hypothesis, what is the series of numbers representing resource increase?
In Malthus' hypothesis, what is the series of numbers representing resource increase?
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What is typically considered a protective measure in Malthus’ view on population control?
What is typically considered a protective measure in Malthus’ view on population control?
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What is a consequence of reaching the marginal level of land productivity according to Malthus?
What is a consequence of reaching the marginal level of land productivity according to Malthus?
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What characterizes Phase I of the Demographic Transition Theory?
What characterizes Phase I of the Demographic Transition Theory?
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During which phase do mortality rates decrease while birth rates remain high?
During which phase do mortality rates decrease while birth rates remain high?
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Which phase of the demographic transition theory indicates an elderly population making up at least 10% of the total?
Which phase of the demographic transition theory indicates an elderly population making up at least 10% of the total?
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What is the main feature of Phase III in the Demographic Transition Theory?
What is the main feature of Phase III in the Demographic Transition Theory?
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Which phase describes a scenario where development in health and nutrition has taken place but birth rates remain elevated?
Which phase describes a scenario where development in health and nutrition has taken place but birth rates remain elevated?
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What characterizes the initial stage of demographic transition?
What characterizes the initial stage of demographic transition?
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In demographic transition theory, what is the expected trend in population growth as societies transition?
In demographic transition theory, what is the expected trend in population growth as societies transition?
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What aspect of population does demographic transition theory NOT directly address?
What aspect of population does demographic transition theory NOT directly address?
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What is a significant outcome of the decline in fertility rates during demographic transition?
What is a significant outcome of the decline in fertility rates during demographic transition?
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How does demographic transition theory describe societies transitioning from high to low mortality?
How does demographic transition theory describe societies transitioning from high to low mortality?
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Which phase of demographic transition is characterized by high birth rates but rapidly declining death rates?
Which phase of demographic transition is characterized by high birth rates but rapidly declining death rates?
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Which of the following statements best summarizes the demographic transition theory?
Which of the following statements best summarizes the demographic transition theory?
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What demographic characteristic is least likely observed in a society at the beginning of the demographic transition?
What demographic characteristic is least likely observed in a society at the beginning of the demographic transition?
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Study Notes
NUT 107 Demographic Structure and Health
- Course offered by İstanbul Kent University, Nutrition and Dietetic department
- Lecturer: Beyzanur ÇAMLIBEL
- Course covers demographic concepts, indicators, world population, population structure and change, fertility/mortality, migration, urbanization, population policies, population and nutrition, maternal and child health, anthropometric indicators of nutrition, sustainable development goals, and homework presentations.
- Course includes a midterm and final exam.
Course Outline
- Week 1: Basic demographic concepts and data sources
- Week 2: Demographic indicators
- Week 3: World population
- Week 4: Population structure and change
- Week 5: Fertility/mortality
- Week 6: Migration and urbanization
- Week 7: Midterm exam
- Week 8: Population policies/population and nutrition
- Week 9: Maternal and child health
- Week 10: Anthropometric indicators of nutrition
- Week 11: Sustainable development goals
- Week 12: Homework presentation
- Week 13: Homework presentation
- Week 14: Homework presentation
- Week 15: Final exam
Prehistoric Periods
- Little information available on non-settled groups
- Subsistence based on hunting and gathering
- Estimates for populations
- Short life expectancy (approx. 20-30 years)
- Low population growth rate
- World population did not exceed 10 million
Prehistoric Periods (Factors)**
- Natural fertility and no contraception
- Nutrition
- Health conditions
- Climate conditions
- Natural disasters
- Epidemics
- Famine and wars
Agricultural Revolution
- Agricultural production and animal domestication started around 8000 BC
- Diet shifted from hunting and gathering to farming, roots, and fruits
- Important technological revolution: Development of agriculture
- Population growth accelerated due to settled life and agricultural advancements
- Increase in food supply supported growing populations
Agricultural Production (Continued)
- Roman Empire population estimated at 50 million at the beginning of Christianity
- Significant populations existed in China and India
Industrial Revolution
- Industrial revolution happened in the 18th century
- Reduction in mortality rate, especially for infants and children
- Improved hygiene conditions
- Healthier nutrition
- Hygenic environment
- Progress in chemistry
- Controlled fertility using late marriages or abstinence
- Birth control began in upper-class families (1780s) in France
Industrial Revolution (Factors)
- Clothing improvements for protection against weather.
- Developments in weaving and related industries
- Improvements to farming methods
- Increased food production
- Developments in pharmaceutical production.
World Wars and Epidemics
-
World Wars: Significant population losses in wars, impacting population growth
-
Wars: Families postponed having children due to economic and social uncertainty
-
Migrations: Large migration movements due to refugees and war-related border changes .
-
Epidemics:
- 1918 Spanish Flu: Spread worldwide, 50-100 million deaths, high mortality rates among young adults, and socioeconomic disruption.
-
HIV/AIDS Epidemic: Emerged in the early 1980s, significant devastation in Africa, continuing health problem.
- According to the Turkish Ministry of Health, 41,732 people were diagnosed with HIV between 1985 and 2023. 81.5% of the cases were male. Most cases were found in the 25-29 and 30-34 age groups.
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COVID-19 Pandemic: Worldwide impacts, significant challenges to health systems, deaths, global economic recession, increased unemployment, and limitations to education and social activities.
Various Population Policies
-
Early Ages:
- Confucius: Increase in population limits productivity and living standards, leading to conflict.
- Plato and Aristotle: Ideal size for city-states is necessary for economic sufficiency without hindering governance.
-
Middle Ages:
- Romans: Population growth aids in military strength and state protection. Encouraged marriage to boost birth rates
Malthus' Hypothesis
- Population grows geometrically, while food and resources increase arithmetically.
- Population growth outpaces food production, resulting in poverty, hunger, and war if growth isn't controlled.
- Law of diminishing returns – further investment in capital goods and enhanced agricultural methods leads to diminished productivity
- Controlled by either protecting measures (moral restraints/contraception) or positive factors (famine, war).
Demographic Transition Theory
- It describes the shifting patterns of fertility and mortality rates in societies as they transition towards industrialization.
- Societies begin with high birth and death rates to societies with low birth and death rates.
- It is a cyclical trend of development showing stages from Pre-transition to Final Process.
Population Growth in the World
- World population growth has not been uniform over time.
- Growth accelerated in the last few centuries mainly due to better life expectancy and improved medical technologies
- Significant increase in population after the Industrial Revolution and improved living conditions. A substantial increase in the population growth rate has been achieved in developing countries in particular.
- Doubling time has shortened over time
Additional Notes
- Data on world population, life expectancy, and demographic trends
- Figures and data from the presentation
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Description
Explore the intricate relationship between demographics and health in the NUT 107 course at İstanbul Kent University. This quiz covers key concepts such as population indicators, fertility, migration, and nutrition, providing a comprehensive understanding of demographic influences on health outcomes.
