Nursing Theory Quiz

Overview of Four Nursing Theories

• Jean Watson's philosophy of caring emphasizes that nursing's most valuable attribute is caring, and it is based on assumptions about the science of caring and carative factors.
• The ten clinical caritas processes are nursing interventions related to human care that replace the original carative factors.
• Virginia Henderson's definition of nursing emphasizes assisting individuals, whether sick or healthy, in performing activities that contribute to health or recovery, or peaceful death.
• Henderson conceptualizes the nurse's role as assisting individuals in meeting 14 fundamental needs, ranging from breathing normally to learning and recreation.
• Henderson's list of 21 nursing problems is used to evaluate a nurse's competency based on outcome measures.
• Imogene King's goal attainment theory is based on the open systems framework, where human beings are in constant interaction with the environment.
• King's personal system involves the individual, interpersonal relationships, and society.
• Sister Calista Roy's adaptation model views the person as an open adaptive system that adapts through control mechanisms and produces adaptive or ineffective responses.
• Roy's model focuses on the individual as a biopsychosocial adaptive system that employs a feedback cycle of input, throughput, and output in four adaptive modes.
• The four adaptive modes include physiological, self-concept, role function, and interdependence modes.
• The physiological mode involves the body's basic physiological needs, while the self-concept mode involves the physical and personal self, including self-ideal and self-consistency.
• The role function mode is determined by the need for social integrity and refers to the performance of duties based on given positions within society, while the interdependence mode involves one's relations with significant others and support systems.

Overview of Nursing Theories

• Jean Watson's Human Caring Theory emphasizes the importance of caring in nursing and includes ten clinical caritas processes.
• Virginia Henderson's Nature of Nursing recognizes the nurse's role in assisting both healthy and ill individuals in meeting fundamental needs.
• Henderson's list of 21 nursing problems is used to evaluate a nurse's competency based on outcome measures.
• Imogene King's Goal Attainment Theory views human beings as open systems in constant interaction with the environment and includes personal, interpersonal, and societal systems.
• Sister Calista Roy's Adaptation Model focuses on the individual as a biopsychosocial adaptive system that employs a feedback cycle of input, throughput, and output.
• Roy's model includes four adaptive modes: physiological, self-concept, role function, and interdependence.
• Roy also describes five levels of nursing experience: novice, advanced beginner, competent nurse, proficient nurse, and expert nurse.
• Henderson's nursing problems are grouped into three categories: physical, social, and emotional.
• King's Goal Attainment Theory emphasizes the importance of goal-setting and problem-solving in nursing practice.
• Roy's Adaptation Model includes the concepts of stimuli, control processes, adaptive responses, and ineffective responses.
• Nursing theories provide a framework for understanding the nursing profession and guide nursing practice.
• Each theory emphasizes different aspects of nursing, but all recognize the importance of caring for individuals' physical, emotional, and social needs.

Overview of Nursing Theories and Models

• Jean Watson's Human Caring Theory emphasizes caring as the most valuable attribute of nursing and includes ten clinical caritas processes.
• Virginia Henderson's Nature of Nursing defines the unique function of nurses as assisting individuals, sick or well, in meeting fourteen fundamental needs.
• Henderson's list of twenty-one nursing problems is used to evaluate a nurse's competency based on outcome measures.
• Imogene King's Goal Attainment Theory views human beings as open systems in constant interaction with the environment and categorizes individuals into personal, interpersonal, and societal systems.
• Sister Calista Roy's Adaptation Model defines adaptation as the process and outcome of creating human and environmental integration through conscious awareness and choice.
• Roy's model focuses on the individual as a biopsychosocial adaptive system with four adaptive modes: physiological, self-concept, role function, and interdependence.
• Roy also describes the five levels of nursing experience, ranging from novice to expert.
• Henderson's and Roy's theories emphasize the importance of meeting individuals' fundamental needs and adapting to their unique situations.
• Watson's theory highlights the significance of caring and creating healing environments for individuals.
• King's theory emphasizes the interaction between individuals and their environments.
• These theories and models provide frameworks for understanding the role of nursing in promoting individuals' health and well-being.
• Nurses can use these theories to guide their practice and improve patient outcomes.