144 Questions
According to Orem’s theory, what is the focus of examining patients' abilities?
Performing self-care
In Roy's Theory, what important role does the nurse play in helping patients?
Adapt to change
According to Benner’s Theory, what does the theory describe?
Moving from novice to expert nurses
What does Watson's Theory of Human Caring focus on?
Caring for physical and spiritual dimensions
What aspect does Florence Nightingale's model of nursing focus on?
Addressing holistic patient needs
What is the key difference between health promotion and health maintenance?
Health promotion involves education without any risk present
What is the primary focus of Health Promotion in the Framework for Maternal and Child Health?
Teaching women the importance of rubella immunization before pregnancy
Which phase of Health care focuses on maintaining health when the risk of illness is present?
Health Maintenance
In which phase of Health care is conscientious assessment used to identify symptoms of illness and implement interventions?
Health Restoration
What is the main goal of Health Rehabilitation in the Framework for Maternal and Child Health?
Achieving optimal wellness and independence in patients with residual effects
Which of the following is NOT an example given for Health Maintenance in the Framework for Maternal and Child Health?
Teaching parents about childproofing against poisoning
Which phase of Health care involves educating parents and children through teaching and role modeling?
Health Promotion
What is the main focus of Madeleine Leininger's theory?
Balancing caring and curing in patient care
How does Erikson's stages of development differ from traditional age assessment?
It emphasizes developmental stage over chronological age
What is the primary role of a Nurse as a Care Provider?
Providing direct patient-centered care to individuals and families
In what capacity does a Nurse act as a Collaborator?
By consulting with other healthcare professionals for patient care
What is the main responsibility of a Nurse as a Teacher?
Educating patients on prenatal care and wellness practices
How does a Nurse act as a Researcher in the healthcare setting?
Applying research findings to improve patient care practices
What does the Fertility Rate measure?
Number of pregnancies per 1000 women
What does the Neonatal Death Rate measure?
Number of deaths per 1000 live births occurring within the first 28 days of life
What is a primary focus of Informatics Nurses?
Supporting decision making
What characterizes Maternal and child patients according to the text?
Lead to unique and diverse patients due to varying factors
What change in healthcare concern is mentioned in the text?
Increasing concern for quality of life
Why do Women having children present unique challenges in healthcare according to the text?
They range in age from early teens to older women
What is a key reason why individuals and families have recently taken increased responsibility for their own health?
Influence of market-driven care
Why is documentation considered essential in nursing practice?
To justify actions taken
In the context of the text, what is the role of standards of care for nurses?
To provide guidelines for safe and competent care
Why is practicing safe and competent care essential for the safety of the mother and fetus?
To maintain the safety of both the mother and fetus
What is a concern raised in the critical thinking care study about Tommy's situation?
Tommy's allergy to cleaning products at school
How can nurses assist in helping Tommy get back to school and his mother start prenatal care based on the text?
Provide guidance on managing Tommy's asthma triggers
During which stage of the general adaptation syndrome does a person attempt to adapt to stress using the physiological responses initiated in the alarm reaction stage?
Stage of resistance
Which of the following biological responses is associated with the sustained phase of the fight-or-flight response?
Increased gluconeogenesis
What term is used to describe the state manifested by a specific syndrome consisting of all nonspecifically induced changes within a biologic system according to Hans Selye?
General adaptation syndrome
Which of the following is NOT a physiological symptom associated with the fight-or-flight response?
Decrease in secretion of sex hormones
Which stage of the general adaptation syndrome is characterized by the depletion of adaptive energy and the possibility of diseases of adaptation?
Stage of exhaustion
Which of the following is an immediate response associated with the fight-or-flight biological responses?
Release of norepinephrine and epinephrine
What physiological responses are generally associated with the 'fight-or-flight syndrome'?
Increase in heart rate and respirations
Which hormone is responsible for the immediate response of increased force of cardiac contraction?
Vasopressin
What effect does sustained stress have on glucose levels and blood pressure according to the text?
Increase in serum glucose
Which of the following is NOT a sustained physical response to stress mentioned in the text?
Increased immune responses
What role does vasopressin play in the physiological response to stress?
Fluid retention
Which hormone contributes to the increased basal metabolic rate during stress according to the text?
Growth hormone
How do pupils react during the 'fight-or-flight syndrome'?
Dilation
What is the role of gonadotropins in the sustained physical responses to stress?
Increased libido
What is the key concept identified by Maslow in his 'hierarchy of needs'?
Self-actualization
How is mental health defined in the text?
Adapting successfully to stressors
Which part of Maslow's hierarchy of needs emphasizes safety and security?
Love/belonging
According to Maslow, which need comes after fulfilling physiological and safety needs?
Love/belonging
How does successful adaptation to stressors manifest in mental health according to the text?
Demonstrating thoughts, feelings, and behaviors congruent with cultural norms
Which component of Maslow's hierarchy focuses on respect, self-esteem, and recognition?
Love/belonging
In Maslow's hierarchy, which level represents meeting basic physical needs like air, food, water, and sleep?
Physiological
What is the ultimate goal of self-actualization according to Maslow's hierarchy?
Fulfilling one's highest potential
Which of the following is a common characteristic of individuals with psychoses?
Full awareness of their maladaptive behavior
What is the subjective state associated with responses to the loss of a valued entity called?
Grief
Which stage of grief involves attempting to make deals to avoid the reality of the loss?
Bargaining
What term describes the period of grief-related emotions and behaviors?
Mourning
Which disorder is NOT mentioned as an example of psychotic disorders in the text?
Bipolar disorder
What may maladaptive responses to grief lead to, according to the text?
Risk for suicide
What characterizes individuals experiencing grief?
Feelings of sadness and despair
Which defense mechanism involves attributing one’s own unacceptable feelings onto another person?
Projection
At what level of anxiety, according to the text, are ego defense mechanisms employed for protection?
Moderate anxiety
Which coping mechanism involves substituting a less threatening object for the real object of one’s feelings?
Displacement
In the context of ego defense mechanisms, which one involves justifying one’s behaviors by using socially acceptable reasons?
Rationalization
Which of the following activities is NOT listed as a coping mechanism for dealing with stress?
Meditating
A client always tries to fix every problem they encounter by taking on more tasks at work. Which ego defense mechanism is this client most likely using?
Compensation
Which defense mechanism involves reverting to an earlier, more childlike level of functioning that was effective at an earlier age?
Regression
Which ego defense mechanism involves attributing unacceptable qualities of oneself to others?
Projection
Which statement accurately reflects the relationship between psychosocial stress and adaptation to stressors?
Psychosocial stress can lead to increased susceptibility to diseases of adaptation.
What is a primary characteristic of mild anxiety according to the text?
It provides motivation for survival.
In Peplau’s Four Levels of Anxiety, what is a common outcome of experiencing mild anxiety?
Heightened awareness of the environment
How does the text describe the feeling of anxiety experienced by individuals?
Often without a clear source but with feelings of uncertainty
What is the primary function of the fight-or-flight response according to the text?
To maintain homeostasis
What distinguishes modern stress from that experienced by our ancestors?
Modern stress is described as pervasive, chronic, and relentless.
Which phase of Selye's general adaptation syndrome involves the depletion of adaptive energy and may lead to diseases of adaptation?
Stage of exhaustion
What are the immediate biological responses associated with the fight-or-flight response?
Release of norepinephrine and epinephrine, increased respiration rate
During which stage of Selye's general adaptation syndrome does a person attempt to adapt to stress using the physiological responses initiated in the alarm reaction stage?
Stage of resistance
Which hormone contributes to the increased basal metabolic rate during stress according to the text?
Epinephrine
What characterizes the sustained responses during the fight-or-flight response?
Increased basal metabolic rate, decreased sex hormone secretion
What is the term used for the immediate responses during the fight-or-flight response that include an increase in heart rate and respiration?
Alarm reaction stage
Which defense mechanism involves attributing one’s own intentions onto another person?
Projection
A client refuses to acknowledge that their recent weight gain is due to poor eating habits. Which ego defense mechanism is the client exhibiting?
Denial
In the context of ego defense mechanisms, which one involves shifting feelings about an unacceptable object to a more acceptable substitute?
Displacement
Which defense mechanism involves justifying a behavior by using socially acceptable reasons rather than addressing the real motivation?
Rationalization
A client expresses excessive concern for another patient in the hospital while ignoring their own significant health issues. Which ego defense mechanism could this represent?
Introjection
Which coping mechanism involves returning to an earlier stage of development when faced with stress?
Regression
Which of the following is a common characteristic of individuals experiencing grief according to the text?
Show a flight from reality into a less stressful world
What is the key difference between the mourning process and clinical depression according to the text?
Mourning can lead to clinical depression
In the context of individuals with psychoses, why might they exhibit a flight from reality into a less stressful world?
To escape into a more manageable reality
What physiological disorders can prolonged unresolved moderate to severe anxiety contribute to?
Cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, neoplastic, neurological, and pulmonary conditions
What distinguishes grief from clinical depression according to the text?
Grief can lead to clinical depression
What is a common characteristic of individuals with neuroses?
They are aware that their behaviors are maladaptive
Why is prolonged grief considered maladaptive according to the text?
It may result in clinical depression or other mental illness symptoms
What term is used to describe a psychiatric disturbance characterized by excessive anxiety expressed directly or altered through defense mechanisms?
Neurosis
Extended periods of functioning at the panic level of anxiety may lead to what condition according to the text?
Psychosis
How can grieving individuals differ from those experiencing psychoses in terms of awareness, as explained in the text?
Grieving individuals are aware of their psychological problems
Individuals with neuroses are aware of their distress but are often unaware of what according to the text?
Psychological causes of their distress
What is a key characteristic of a neurosis according to the text?
Impairs a person's functioning but does not lead to gross distortion of reality
What is the main concern during the emergent (resuscitative) phase of burn management?
Hypovolemic shock
When does the emergent (resuscitative) phase of burn management end?
When fluid mobilization and diuresis begin
What is the greatest threat during the emergent phase of burn management according to the text?
Hypovolemic shock
At what point can hypovolemic shock begin postburn?
20 minutes postburn
How is the total body surface area affected calculated for burn patients?
By using the Lund-Browder chart
What is the primary goal of the emergent (resuscitative) phase in burn management?
Resolving immediate problems resulting from injury
What are the main concerns during the emergent (resuscitative) phase of burn management?
Hypovolemic shock and edema
What factor determines the severity of an electrical burn injury?
Length of time the current was sustained
What causes hypovolemic shock during the emergent phase of burn management?
Fluid shifts out of blood vessels
Which type of current passing through vital organs can lead to more life-threatening sequelae?
Direct current
What can electrical current cause that is strong enough to fracture long bones and vertebrae?
Muscle spasms
What is a potential complication faced by patients with electrical burns that involves myoglobinuria?
Renal damage
Why can determining the severity of an electrical burn injury be challenging?
Because most damage occurs below the skin
In what way can electric sparks from an electrical burn injury contribute to additional harm?
By igniting the patient's clothing
Which factor related to electric shocks can contribute to fractures in long bones and vertebrae?
Muscle spasms
What is the consequence of myoglobin from injured muscle traveling to the kidneys?
Acute kidney injury
What is the primary cause of intravascular volume depletion in the severely burned patient during the emergent phase pathophysiology?
Increased insensible losses
Why does the net result of fluid shift lead to intravascular volume depletion in the emergent phase of burn pathophysiology?
Decreased blood pressure
In the context of burn injuries, why does potassium (K+) shift develop first during the emergent phase?
RBC hemolysis
What contributes to the high hematocrit caused by hemoconcentration in the emergent phase of burn pathophysiology?
RBC hemolysis
Why does sodium (Na+) rapidly move to interstitial spaces and stay there during the emergent phase pathophysiology?
Edema
What characteristic of burn injuries leads to thrombosis in capillaries of burned tissue during the emergent phase?
RBC hemolysis
How do circulating factors released at the time of burn contribute to RBC hemolysis in the emergent phase pathophysiology?
Direct insult of burn injury
Which factor leads to the development of facial edema before and after fluid resuscitation?
Fluid and electrolyte shifts
What is a possible emotional need of burn survivors, as mentioned in the text?
Guilt and fear of dying
In gerontologic considerations, which aspect of aging puts patients at risk for injury?
Decreased hearing
Which action may indicate adverse effects on self-esteem in a patient, as per the text?
Avoiding eye contact
What is a common emotional response of patients recovering from a burn injury, based on the text?
Guilt and fear of dying
Why are spirituality and cultural needs highlighted in the emotional care of patients, according to the text?
To address the patient's overall well-being
Why might a burn survivor express concerns about returning to work, based on the text?
Feeling of guilt and frustration
How can unmet emotional needs influence a patient's recovery journey?
Increases the likelihood of relapse
What is the primary purpose of using cultured epithelial autografts in skin grafting for full-thickness burns?
To grow small specimens of the patient’s skin into sheets for permanent skin coverage
What distinguishes cultured epithelial autographs (CEAs) from other types of skin grafts mentioned in the text?
They involve growing the patient's skin into sheets for coverage
How are cultured epithelial autografts (CEAs) different from split-thickness skin grafts?
CEAs are grown from the patient's own small skin specimens into sheets
What is the benefit of using cultured epithelial autografts (CEAs) in patients with large body surface burns?
It allows for permanent skin coverage with limited available skin
Which prevention strategy is most effective in teaching home fire safety?
Encourage regular home fire exit drills
Which type of burn is least likely to result in a full-thickness burn?
Sunburn
What is a characteristic of a partial-thickness burn?
Intact nerve endings
What is the most appropriate action for the nurse to take next when assessing a patient with decreased breath sounds?
Obtain vital signs, oxygen saturation, and a STAT arterial blood gas
What occurs during the early emergent phase of a burn injury?
Movement of sodium and water into the interstitial space
What is a priority concern when caring for an older adult who has been burned?
Allowing them to cook unattended
What is the primary goal of maintaining a positive nitrogen balance in a major burn patient?
To promote wound healing
What is the priority intervention for wound care in a patient with a 25% TBSA burn?
Observing the wound for signs of infection during dressing changes
What is an effective way to prevent hypertrophic scarring during the rehabilitation phase of burn recovery?
Applying pressure garments
What is the first action the nurse should take when meeting with a patient who is recovering from second- and third-degree burns over 30% of their body?
Review the patient's current health care status and readiness for discharge to home
What is a key component of effective pain management in burn patients?
Using a pain rating tool to monitor the patient's level of pain
What is the primary goal of a high-protein, high-carbohydrate diet in a major burn patient?
To promote wound healing
Test your knowledge of nursing theories including Leininger's theory of caring and curing, Duval's family stages theory, and Erickson's stages of development. Explore the roles of nurses as care providers, teachers, collaborators, researchers, and advocates.
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