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Questions and Answers
What is required before a patient undergoes a specialized procedure?
What is required before a patient undergoes a specialized procedure?
What might a patient do if a healthcare provider performs a procedure without informed consent?
What might a patient do if a healthcare provider performs a procedure without informed consent?
Who shares liability if a nursing student causes harm to a patient?
Who shares liability if a nursing student causes harm to a patient?
Which of the following is a requirement for informed consent to be valid?
Which of the following is a requirement for informed consent to be valid?
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What is the primary characteristic of general consent upon hospital admission?
What is the primary characteristic of general consent upon hospital admission?
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What is the primary focus of Virginia Henderson's Nursing Need Theory?
What is the primary focus of Virginia Henderson's Nursing Need Theory?
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Which statement best reflects the essence of Hildegard E. Peplau's theory?
Which statement best reflects the essence of Hildegard E. Peplau's theory?
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Ida Jean Orlando's Nursing Process Theory emphasizes the importance of what in patient care?
Ida Jean Orlando's Nursing Process Theory emphasizes the importance of what in patient care?
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What major shift did Faye Glenn Abdellah's 21 Nursing Problems Theory initiate in nursing?
What major shift did Faye Glenn Abdellah's 21 Nursing Problems Theory initiate in nursing?
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What role do nurses play according to Henderson’s Nursing Need Theory?
What role do nurses play according to Henderson’s Nursing Need Theory?
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How does Abdellah's theory contribute to nursing in community health?
How does Abdellah's theory contribute to nursing in community health?
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Which aspect of nursing did Peplau specifically highlight in her theory?
Which aspect of nursing did Peplau specifically highlight in her theory?
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What is a key component of Orlando's Nursing Process Theory?
What is a key component of Orlando's Nursing Process Theory?
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What term describes the legal responsibility of a healthcare worker for their actions?
What term describes the legal responsibility of a healthcare worker for their actions?
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Which type of tort involves an unintentional act that causes harm to a patient?
Which type of tort involves an unintentional act that causes harm to a patient?
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What does the term 'Standards of Care' refer to in nursing?
What does the term 'Standards of Care' refer to in nursing?
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Which action is considered an intentional tort in nursing?
Which action is considered an intentional tort in nursing?
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What is the primary focus of nursing according to the nursing metaparadigm?
What is the primary focus of nursing according to the nursing metaparadigm?
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Which organization is responsible for developing standards for nursing practice in Turkey?
Which organization is responsible for developing standards for nursing practice in Turkey?
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Which of the following is NOT a responsibility of nurses in patient care?
Which of the following is NOT a responsibility of nurses in patient care?
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What type of tort involves harm that was not intended but still resulted from a nurse's actions?
What type of tort involves harm that was not intended but still resulted from a nurse's actions?
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Which of the following describes a scenario that could qualify as assault in nursing practice?
Which of the following describes a scenario that could qualify as assault in nursing practice?
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Florence Nightingale's Environmental Theory emphasizes which of the following?
Florence Nightingale's Environmental Theory emphasizes which of the following?
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What is the primary consequence of failing to meet the Standards of Care in nursing?
What is the primary consequence of failing to meet the Standards of Care in nursing?
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What distinguishes middle-range nursing theories from grand theories?
What distinguishes middle-range nursing theories from grand theories?
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Patricia Benner’s Novice to Expert Theory describes which aspect of nursing?
Patricia Benner’s Novice to Expert Theory describes which aspect of nursing?
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Which theory helps nurses understand care for new mothers experiencing depression?
Which theory helps nurses understand care for new mothers experiencing depression?
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What is a key concept of Florence Nightingale's approach to nursing?
What is a key concept of Florence Nightingale's approach to nursing?
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What is the primary focus of practice-level nursing theories?
What is the primary focus of practice-level nursing theories?
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What is the primary focus of Betty Neuman's System Model in nursing?
What is the primary focus of Betty Neuman's System Model in nursing?
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Which nursing theorist emphasized the importance of human interaction in nursing?
Which nursing theorist emphasized the importance of human interaction in nursing?
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According to Joyce Travelbee, what is the ultimate goal of nursing?
According to Joyce Travelbee, what is the ultimate goal of nursing?
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What component does Sister Callista Roy's Adaptation Model focus on?
What component does Sister Callista Roy's Adaptation Model focus on?
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What does Orem's Self-Care Theory primarily focus on?
What does Orem's Self-Care Theory primarily focus on?
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Which variable is NOT included in Neuman's System Model?
Which variable is NOT included in Neuman's System Model?
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Which theory extends the interpersonal relationship theories of Peplau and Orlando?
Which theory extends the interpersonal relationship theories of Peplau and Orlando?
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How many interrelated theories are composed in Orem's Self-Care Theory?
How many interrelated theories are composed in Orem's Self-Care Theory?
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What is the primary focus of the Maternal Role Attainment Theory?
What is the primary focus of the Maternal Role Attainment Theory?
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Which factor is considered the most important in Bandura's Self-Efficacy Theory?
Which factor is considered the most important in Bandura's Self-Efficacy Theory?
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What does the Life Perspective Rhythm Model primarily aid in?
What does the Life Perspective Rhythm Model primarily aid in?
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Which areas does the Health Promotion Model focus on?
Which areas does the Health Promotion Model focus on?
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What is the main goal of self-efficacy in health care according to Bandura?
What is the main goal of self-efficacy in health care according to Bandura?
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Which model is used by many nursing education institutions to collect patient data in clinical settings?
Which model is used by many nursing education institutions to collect patient data in clinical settings?
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What does the Activities of Living Nursing Model focus on?
What does the Activities of Living Nursing Model focus on?
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Which concept is NOT a component of the Life Perspective Rhythm Model?
Which concept is NOT a component of the Life Perspective Rhythm Model?
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Study Notes
Legal Principles in Nursing
- Laws prescribe how people should act in society.
- Health care workers can face civil or criminal liability depending on the specific circumstances.
- Standards of care are the legal requirements for nursing practice; they describe the minimum acceptable nursing care.
- Standards reflect the knowledge and skill that nurses typically possess and use in practice.
- The Turkish Nurses Association (TNA) develops standards for nursing practice, policy statements, and resolutions.
Civil and Common Law Issues in Nursing Practice
- A tort is a civil wrong against a person or property.
- Torts can be intentional, quasi-intentional, or unintentional.
Intentional Torts
- Intentional torts involve actions like hitting someone (battery) or damaging their reputation (defamation).
Quasi-intentional Torts
- Quasi-intentional torts involve actions where the harm wasn't intended, but still caused an error, like accidentally violating someone's privacy.
Unintentional Torts
- Unintentional torts usually involve mistakes or accidents, like giving the wrong medication (negligence).
Assault and Battery
- Assault: Threatening physical harm to a patient. No actual contact needed.
- Battery: Intentional physical contact without consent. This includes a potentially harmful injection given or a procedure beyond the patient's consent, like performing a tonsillectomy after appendectomy consent. Consent plays a critical role.
Invasion of Privacy
- Release of a patient's medical information to unauthorized people (e.g., press, employer, family) is a privacy violation.
- Patient's medical records are confidential; sharing is limited to only those related to medical treatment.
Negligence and Malpractice
- Negligence occurs when a person's conduct falls below a standard of care (e.g., a driver failing to stop at a stop sign is negligent).
- Malpractice is a form of professional negligence, and specific criteria must be met for it to be established in a nursing context:
- The nurse had a duty to the patient.
- The nurse did not uphold that duty.
- The patient was harmed.
- The nurse's actions caused the patient's harm.
- A pie chart on page 12 shows the breakdown of medical malpractice claims between 2017-2021.
Consent
- Signed consent forms are needed for routine treatment, hazardous procedures (e.g., surgery), some treatment programs (e.g., chemotherapy), and research involving patients.
- Patients sign general consent forms when admitted to a hospital or healthcare facility.
- Separate special consent forms are required for specific procedures.
- Nurses need to understand laws regarding consent in their states and their employer's policies.
- Informed consent is a patient's agreement to treatment; it's not valid if only in an emergency.
Nursing Students
- Nursing students are liable if their actions cause harm to patients.
- The university or educational institution shares liability for harm caused by the student if it is a direct result of a student's action, or lack of action.
- Students are expected to perform as professional nurses would, providing safe patient care.
- Students should not perform tasks without direct supervision by a staff nurse or instructor.
Health Care Providers' Orders
- Health care providers (doctors, nurses) are responsible for directing medical treatment.
- Nurses should follow health care providers' orders unless they believe the orders are wrong or harmful.
- Nurses need to assess orders for potential mistakes or harm; if necessary, further clarification from the health care provider is needed.
Theoretical Foundations of Nursing
- Theory-based nursing practice is essential for designing and implementing interventions.
Nursing Theories
- Nursing theories classify nursing as unique from other disciplines, providing a framework for practice.
History of Nursing Theories
- Florence Nightingale's theory emphasized the environment's role in recovery, including cleanliness.
- Hildegard Peplau's theory focused on interpersonal relationships.
- Virginia Henderson emphasized patient independence in meeting basic needs.
Classification of Nursing Theories
- Grand theories are broad in scope.
- Middle-range theories address specific phenomena.
- Practice-level theories provide very specific, daily nursing actions.
The Nursing Metaparadigm
- The metaparadigm defines the main parts of nursing, including boundaries.
Think About...
- The unifying thread among diverse nursing roles is their shared theoretical foundations and the need to meet patient needs in different settings.
The Domain of Nursing
- Nursing is the diagnosis and treatment of human responses to actual or potential health problems.
Grand Theories
- Grand theory includes theories that are broad in scope and conceptual, which include Florence Nightingale's Environmental Theory and Dorothea Orem's Self-Care Deficit Theory.
Middle-Range Nursing Theories
- Middle-range nursing theories are more focused and specific, addressing specific phenomena; the theories include Patricia Benner's Novice to Expert Theory and Pender's Health Promotion Model.
Practice-Level Nursing Theories
- Practice-level nursing theories are very specific to daily nursing actions, like the Theory of Wound Healing and Postpartum Depression Theory.
Nursing Theorists
- Florence Nightingale: Environment, cleanliness, fresh air, and light
- Hildegarde Peplau: Interpersonal relationships, therapeutic interventions
- Virginia Henderson: Patient independence and basic needs
- Faye Abdellah: 21 nursing problems, patient-centered care
- Ida Orlando: Nursing process, validation of inferences; allows for adaptable plans
- Myra Estrin Levine: Conservation Model.
- Joyce Travelbee: Human-to-human relationships.
- Betty Neuman: Stress and variables affecting response.
- Sister Callista Roy: Adapting to changes, and promotion of health.
- Dorothea Orem: Self-care theory.
Nursing Models
- Maternal Role Attainment: Developmental and interactional process with mother and baby.
- Self-Efficacy: Personal factors, motivation, and feelings concerning health
- Life Perspective Rhythm: Develops nursing process towards health and growth.
- Health Promotion: Increasing patient's well-being.
Gordon's 11 Functional Health Patterns
- This model collects patient data based on health patterns, useful in nursing education settings.
Continued Evolution of Nursing Theory
- Nursing practice relies on both legal and theoretical foundations. Key theorists have influenced modern practice and continue to impact education and research.
- Deep understanding of concepts enhances professionalism.
- Continuing study is crucial to advance the profession.
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Description
This quiz explores essential concepts related to nursing theories, the requirements for informed consent, and the implications of nursing actions. It covers theories from prominent figures like Virginia Henderson, Hildegard E. Peplau, and Ida Jean Orlando, examining their impact on patient care and community health.
