Nursing Theories and Concepts

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Questions and Answers

What is a key characteristic of personhood according to the Theory of Nursing as Caring?

Intuition

Unity (correct)

Competitiveness

Independence

What does the Theory of Nursing as Caring assert about the outcomes of nursing care?

They are only valuable if measurable.

They can be quantified easily.

They reflect a standardization of care.

They communicate subjective experiences. (correct)

According to the Theory of Nursing as Caring, what is the significance of the relationship in nursing?

It is a secondary aspect of care.

It prioritizes task completion.

It communicates value added richness. (correct)

It is solely about administrative efficiency.

In the context of the Theory of Nursing as Caring, what is a primary weakness of quantifying care outcomes?

They ignore relational aspects. Signup and view all the answers

Who introduced caring as a substantive field in nursing?

Anne Boykin Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus in nursing as emphasized within the metaparadigm?

Emphasizing the significance of relationships Signup and view all the answers

Which characteristic is NOT associated with the concept of pattern in nursing?

Emotional resilience Signup and view all the answers

How do nurses facilitate pattern recognition in clients?

Through authentic relationship building Signup and view all the answers

What role does consciousness play in the nursing context?

It encompasses both informational capacity and environmental interaction Signup and view all the answers

What type of patterns can be identified that relate to an individual?

Genetic, voice, and movement patterns Signup and view all the answers

What experience led Madeleine Leininger to pursue a career in nursing?

Observations of cultural care deficiencies Signup and view all the answers

According to Leininger, what is essential for supporting compliance, healing, and wellness in patient care?

A focus on cultural variations in care Signup and view all the answers

How does Leininger's Theory of Transcultural Nursing differ from traditional nursing interactions?

It includes families and communities in care Signup and view all the answers

What aspect of human beings does Leininger's work emphasize in nursing?

Their capacity for caring and concern for others Signup and view all the answers

What is another name for Leininger's Theory of Transcultural Nursing?

Cultural Care Theory Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the major correlates of consciousness identified by Newman?

Movement Signup and view all the answers

According to Newman, how should health be understood?

As a synthesis of health and illness Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'unitary' imply about a person in Newman's theory?

Persons are inseparable from the larger unitary field Signup and view all the answers

What role does the environment play according to Newman's perspective?

It contains the consciousness of the individual Signup and view all the answers

How does Newman's theory describe pathological conditions?

They manifest from the individual's total pattern Signup and view all the answers

In what way does Newman assert the relationship between space and time?

An inverse relationship exists; as space decreases, time increases. Signup and view all the answers

According to Newman, how are persons and families viewed in relation to consciousness?

Both are integral parts of a larger consciousness pattern. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary assumption about pathology in Newman's theory?

Pathology reflects the individual's total pattern before structural changes. Signup and view all the answers

What does the Health Promotion Model emphasize about personal characteristics?

They influence actions based on unique experiences. Signup and view all the answers

How does activity-related affect influence perceived self-efficacy?

More positive subjective feelings enhance perceived self-efficacy. Signup and view all the answers

Which variable is important for motivational significance in health behaviors?

Behavioral specific knowledge and effect. Signup and view all the answers

What kind of influences are categorized as interpersonal influences in the Health Promotion Model?

Cognitive beliefs regarding health behaviors of others. Signup and view all the answers

What is considered the endpoint in the Health Promotion Model?

Health-promoting behavior. Signup and view all the answers

Which statement is true regarding health-promoting behavior in the Health Promotion Model?

It is influenced by interpersonal norms and beliefs. Signup and view all the answers

What role does nursing action play in the Health Promotion Model?

It can modify motivational variables. Signup and view all the answers

Why is perceived self-efficacy significant in health promotion?

It predicts the likelihood of engaging in health-promoting behaviors. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary aim of transcultural nursing care?

To provide care consistent with cultural values, beliefs, and practices Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT one of the four contexts in which patient comfort can occur?

Emotional Internal reflection Signup and view all the answers

How does cultural knowledge benefit nurses in patient care?

It helps them understand and respect diverse patient backgrounds Signup and view all the answers

What does the theory developed by Katharine Kolcaba primarily focus on?

The holistic approach to nursing that includes comfort Signup and view all the answers

Which aspect of care does the theory of comfort emphasize?

Addressing all aspects of a patient's well-being including comfort Signup and view all the answers

What type of nursing diploma did Katharine Kolcaba obtain in 1965?

A diploma in nursing Signup and view all the answers

Which treatment approaches are encouraged by an understanding of cultural knowledge?

Consideration of non-traditional therapies such as meditation Signup and view all the answers

What key concept is recognized as a limitation of the presented theory and model?

The complexity of the language used Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Theoretical Foundations in Nursing

This document contains various nursing theories and their key concepts.
Different theorists have different perspectives on nursing, focusing on various aspects of the human experience related to health and illness.
These study notes cover the essence of the concepts across the theories.

Anne Boykin and Savina O. Schoenhofer: Theory of Nursing as Caring

Caring is the foundational principle for nursing.
Nursing aims at observing and nurturing individuals in their care.
Nursing focuses on how persons live, grow, and care.
Outcomes of care are subjective and not statistically quantifiable.
Theory emphasizes the relationship between nurse and patient.
Individual human characteristics are central to the theory.
Personhood, which involves wholeness and awareness, is essential.

Josephine Paterson and Loretta Zderad: Humanistic Caring Theory

Nursing is a dialogue focused on understanding the individual as a whole.
Caring is a process of interpersonal communication and understanding, which centers around the person.
Three stages of the Nursing Process are highlighted: preparation, knowing, and complementarity.
The "i-thou" relationship, where the nurse is the "I" and the patient is the "thou," emphasizes respect and authentic presence.

Margaret Newman: Health as Expanding Consciousness

Health evolves and expands through consciousness.
Disease is a part of life's expanding awareness and movement through space and time.
Holistic perspective, not simply the absence of disease.
Importance of relating to the environment and other individuals.
Emphasizes the interconnectedness of time, space, and movement.

Nola J. Pender: Health Promotion Model

Focuses on factors influencing behaviors for health promotion rather than disease prevention.
Individuals' personal factors, experiences, perceptions of benefits and barriers, and situational influences impact health behaviors.

Madeleine M. Leininger: Theory of Culture Care Diversity and Universality

Nursing focuses on preserving, maintaining, accommodating, or restructuring cultural practices to promote health and well-being in culturally appropriate ways.
Culture plays a vital role in the health and lives of individuals.
Importance of assessing cultural values and beliefs to tailor care.

Cornelia M. Ruland and Shirley M. Moore: Peaceful End-of-Life Theory

Focuses on holistic care for individuals at the end of life.
Emphasizes pain relief, dignity, peace, closeness to significant others to ensure a peaceful experience.
Recognizes that family and the environment play critical roles in the patient's experience.

Lydia E. Hall: Care, Cure, Core (The Three C's)

Three interdependent domains influencing the client's progress
Three Cs (care, cure, and core): each play an essential role for rehabilitative nursing care
Care is the nurse's role, which centers on improving comfort and fulfilling basic needs.
Cure involves medical treatments for the client's pathology.
Core involves mutual interaction between the nurse and client, addressing their social, emotional, etc. aspects.

Joyce Travelbee: Human-to-Human Relationship Model

Involves the individual and the nurse's perception of illness and suffering.
The process occurs in several stages, including identifying and acknowledging each party's perceptions of the situation.
The nurse is responsible for helping the patient identify meaning during illness and suffering.
Crucial for developing mutual understanding and connection.

Elizabeth R. Lenz and Linda C. Pugh: Theory of Unpleasant Symptoms

The theory focuses on the individual experience and effects (symptoms) of illness or distress.
The symptoms are viewed in concert with their physiological, psychological, and situational influences.
The theory aims to improve care by incorporating these influences into the practice.

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Description

This quiz explores various foundational theories in nursing, emphasizing the principles of caring as articulated by theorists like Anne Boykin and Savina O. Schoenhofer. It also delves into Josephine Paterson and Loretta Zderad's Humanistic Caring Theory, focusing on the holistic understanding of individuals. Test your knowledge on how these theories relate to nursing practice and patient care.