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Questions and Answers
Which branch of philosophy deals with questions of existence and reality?
Which branch of philosophy deals with questions of existence and reality?
What is the primary focus of epistemology?
What is the primary focus of epistemology?
Which of the following best describes rationalism?
Which of the following best describes rationalism?
What approach does empiricism emphasize?
What approach does empiricism emphasize?
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How does philosophy contribute to nursing practice?
How does philosophy contribute to nursing practice?
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In which decade did the incorporation of nursing theory into nursing curricula gain further acceptance?
In which decade did the incorporation of nursing theory into nursing curricula gain further acceptance?
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What is the primary focus of postpositivism in nursing theory development?
What is the primary focus of postpositivism in nursing theory development?
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What significant work did Peplau contribute to the field of nursing in 1952?
What significant work did Peplau contribute to the field of nursing in 1952?
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Which paradigm focuses on multiple cognitive constructions and social interactions in nursing research?
Which paradigm focuses on multiple cognitive constructions and social interactions in nursing research?
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Which of the following best describes the critical paradigm in nursing knowledge development?
Which of the following best describes the critical paradigm in nursing knowledge development?
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Which belief is characteristic of rationalism?
Which belief is characteristic of rationalism?
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What is the main paradigm of knowledge for empiricists?
What is the main paradigm of knowledge for empiricists?
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How do empiricists view the role of theory in scientific observation?
How do empiricists view the role of theory in scientific observation?
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What does the concept of presupposed theories imply in scientific investigation?
What does the concept of presupposed theories imply in scientific investigation?
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What must a scientific theory be judged upon according to the content?
What must a scientific theory be judged upon according to the content?
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What do rationalists believe about intuition?
What do rationalists believe about intuition?
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Which view suggests that scientists are passive observers in the empirical world?
Which view suggests that scientists are passive observers in the empirical world?
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According to Dubin, what is one situation where scientific consensus is necessary?
According to Dubin, what is one situation where scientific consensus is necessary?
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Study Notes
Nursing as a Science
- Nursing is a science, meaning it uses a logical, systematic, and coherent approach to solve problems and answer questions.
- Nursing science collects facts and utilizes processes to obtain knowledge.
Nursing and Philosophy
- Philosophy investigates concepts that structure thought processes, foundations, and presumptions.
- It is concerned with the nature of people, scientific knowledge creation methods, and ethics.
- It implies certain "taken for granted" assumptions.
Epistemology
- A branch of philosophy examining the nature and scope of knowledge.
- Regarded as the "theory of knowledge."
Historical Views of the Nature of Science
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Rationalism: Emphasizes the use of reason and logic to ensure truthfulness.
- Knowledge is based on reasoning and logic.
- Mathematics is the knowledge paradigm.
- Genuine knowledge is considered certain.
- Believes in intuition.
- Focuses on uncovering the language of the human mind.
- Assigns categories to language units.
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Empiricism: Focuses on observing reality using the five senses.
- Knowledge is based on experience and experimentation.
- Experimental science is the knowledge paradigm.
- Experience and experimentation are rarely certain.
- Does not believe in intuition.
- Analyzes language as it occurs.
- Assigns probabilities to language units.
Early 12th Century Views of Science and Theory
- Philosophers concentrated on analyzing theory structure.
- Scientists concentrated on empirical research.
- Positivism, which states that information derives from logical and mathematical treatments and sensory experience, was the dominant philosophy of science.
Emergent Views in the Late 20th Century of Science and Theory
- Empiricists argued for objectivity in data collection and analysis, independent of theory.
- Brown challenged the empiricist view by acknowledging the influence of theories on what a scientist observes and interprets.
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Relationship between theories and observation:
- Scientists passively observe occurrences in the world, with data as objective truth.
- Theories shape what scientists perceive in the world.
- Presupposed theories interact with observable data during scientific investigation.
Interdependence Between Theory and Research
- A theory's judgment should be based on scientific consensus.
- Acceptance of scientific hypotheses depends on the coherency of the theory.
- Scientific consensus is necessary for:
- Defining the theory's boundaries.
- Understanding the logic in constructing the theory.
- Assessing the theory's fit with collected data.
Issues in Nursing Philosophy and Science Development
- 1980s: Acceptance of nursing theory and its incorporation into nursing curricula; publication of several nursing journals.
- 1990s: Discussions about nursing as a basic, applied, or practical science.
Progress in the Discipline of Nursing (Meleis)
- Practice: Peplau's "Interpersonal Relations in Nursing" (1952) developed the first theory of nursing practice.
- Education and Administration: Journal of Nursing Research (1952).
- Research: Analysis and debate surrounding metatheoretical issues related to theory development during the 1960s and 1970s.
Contemporary Paradigms in Nursing
- Postpositivism: Focuses on discovering patterns that describe a phenomenon.
- Interpretive Paradigm: Promotes understanding through examining meanings derived from social interaction, emphasizing situation, context, and cognitive constructions.
- Critical Paradigm: Investigates interactions between social, political, economic, gender, and cultural factors, analyzing the impact on health and illness experiences.
Quote By Imre Lakatos
- "Philosophy of science without history of science is empty; history of science without philosophy of science is blind."
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Description
This quiz explores the interplay between nursing as a science, its philosophical foundations, and epistemology. It examines how logical methodologies and ethical inquiries shape the nursing field. Delve into historical perspectives on the nature of science and knowledge acquisition.
