Nursing Responsibilities for HIV/AIDS Patients
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary goal of Antiretroviral Therapy (ART)?

  • To solely prevent opportunistic infections
  • To reduce viral load to undetectable levels and restore immune function (correct)
  • To eliminate all HIV from the body
  • To increase CD4 count without affecting viral load

    • Which drug class includes efavirenz?

  • Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors (NRTIs)
  • Non-Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors (NNRTIs) (correct)
  • Integrase Strand Transfer Inhibitors (INSTIs)
  • Protease Inhibitors (PIs)

    • What type of medication is Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX) used for?

  • Prevention of PCP and toxoplasmosis (correct)
  • Management of hepatitis B
  • Treatment of active tuberculosis
  • Fungal infections

    • Which of the following is a recommended prophylactic measure for individuals at risk of opportunistic infections?

    <p>Vaccinations such as hepatitis B and pneumococcal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be regularly monitored in patients receiving Antiretroviral Therapy?

    <p>CD4 count and viral load</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary consequence of HIV on the immune system?

    <p>Progressive depletion of CD4+ T cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which test is most reliable for early HIV diagnosis?

    <p>Antibody/Antigen Test (4th Generation)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a CD4 Count measure in individuals with HIV?

    <p>Levels of CD4+ T cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of Resistance Testing in HIV patients?

    <p>To identify drug-resistant HIV strains</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which nursing diagnosis is related to chronic diarrhea and poor appetite in HIV patients?

    <p>Imbalanced Nutrition: Less than Body Requirements</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What intervention is appropriate for a patient with the nursing diagnosis of Risk for Infection?

    <p>Implement strict infection control measures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a key component of patient education regarding HIV?

    <p>Recognizing signs of opportunistic infections</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a possible outcome of opportunistic infections in patients with AIDS?

    <p>Severe immune deficiency</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Nursing Responsibilities for HIV/AIDS Patients

    • Patient Education: Importance of adhering to ART (Antiretroviral Therapy) to prevent drug resistance. Safe practices to prevent HIV transmission (e.g., condom use). Recognizing signs of opportunistic infections.

    • Monitoring: Assess for treatment side effects (e.g., hepatotoxicity, nephrotoxicity). Regularly check CD4 count and viral load.

    Psychosocial Support

    • Address stigma and fear related to HIV diagnosis.
    • Provide resources for financial assistance or support groups.

    Prophylactic Measures

    • Vaccinations (e.g., hepatitis B, pneumococcal).
    • Preventive medications for opportunistic infections.

    Nursing Diagnoses

    • Imbalanced Nutrition: Less than Body Requirements: Related to chronic diarrhea, poor appetite, or malabsorption. Interventions include providing high-calorie meals and supplements.

    • Risk for Infection: Related to immunosuppression. Interventions involve implementing strict infection control measures and educating patients about safe practices.

    • Ineffective Coping: Related to psychological distress due to HIV diagnosis. Interventions involve providing emotional support and referring patients to counseling.

    • Fatigue: Related to chronic illness and infections. Encourage energy conservation and adequate rest.

    Prophylaxis and Treatment for Opportunistic Infections

    • Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX): Prevents PCP (Pneumocystis pneumonia) and toxoplasmosis.

    • Fluconazole: Treats fungal infections.

    • Antitubercular drugs: Treats latent or active TB.

    • Supportive Medications: Include anti-emetics, antidiarrheals, and nutritional supplements for symptom management.

    Drug Classes

    • Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors (NRTIs): e.g., tenofovir, zidovudine.
    • Non-Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors (NNRTIs): e.g., efavirenz.
    • Protease Inhibitors (PIs): e.g., lopinavir, ritonavir.
    • Integrase Strand Transfer Inhibitors (INSTIs): e.g., dolutegravir.
    • Entry Inhibitors: e.g., maraviroc.

    Antiretroviral Therapy (ART)

    • Combination therapy reduces viral load to undetectable levels and restores immune function.

    Diagnostic Tests and Evaluations

    • HIV Testing: Antibody/Antigen Tests (4th generation) detect HIV-1/2 antibodies and p24 antigen. Nucleic Acid Test (NAT) detects viral RNA in blood, useful for early detection and confirming diagnosis.

    • CD4 Count: Measures CD4+ T cell levels to determine immune status and disease progression.

    • Viral Load Test: Quantifies HIV RNA in the blood to assess treatment efficacy and disease progression.

    • Resistance Testing: Identifies drug-resistant HIV strains to guide ART selection.

    • Opportunistic Infection Screening: Tests for TB, toxoplasmosis, and hepatitis. Opportunistic infections frequently accompany advanced HIV.

    Affected Body Systems

    • Immune System: Progressive depletion of CD4+ T cells leads to immunodeficiency and increased susceptibility to opportunistic infections and cancers.
    • Nervous System: HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND) due to direct viral effects or opportunistic infections.

    HIV/AIDS Overview

    • HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) is a virus that attacks the immune system, specifically CD4+ T lymphocytes, weakening the body's ability to fight infections.
    • Without treatment, HIV can progress to AIDS (Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome), the most severe phase. AIDS is characterized by severe immune deficiency and opportunistic infections.

    Other Affected Systems

    • Integumentary System: Skin rashes, Kaposi sarcoma, and fungal infections like candidiasis.
    • Respiratory System: Opportunistic infections such as Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PCP) and tuberculosis.
    • Gastrointestinal System: Chronic diarrhea, weight loss, and malabsorption due to infections like Cryptosporidium or cytomegalovirus (CMV).

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    Related Documents

    HIV/AIDS Overview PDF

    Description

    This quiz covers essential nursing responsibilities when caring for HIV/AIDS patients. It includes critical patient education, monitoring methods, psychosocial support, prophylactic measures, and nursing diagnoses. Assess your knowledge on effective interventions and care strategies in this specialized field.

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