Nursing Research Paradigms and Methods
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following are considered major attributes of evidence according to Giddens? (Select all that apply)

  • Validity (correct)
  • Useable
  • Replicability (correct)
  • Understandable
  • Reliability (correct)
  • Publicly Available

The positivist paradigm emphasizes inductive reasoning and multiple interpretations of reality.

False (B)

Which research design aims to control confounding variables by randomly assigning participants to treatment or control groups? (Choose all that apply)

  • RCT (correct)
  • Cohort
  • Longitudinal (correct)
  • Case-control
  • Crossover

Which of the following are considered threats to internal validity in research? (Select all that apply)

<p>Selection Bias (B), Instrumentation bias (C), Maturation (D), History (E), Hawthorne effect (F)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The ______ hypothesis states that there is no relationship between the independent and dependent variables in a study.

<p>null</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following are considered potential benefits of participating in research? (Select all that apply)

<p>Opportunity to feel helpful (A), Opportunity to learn about a condition (B), Material gain (C), Access to an intervention not otherwise available (D), Chance to discuss a problem with a researcher (E), Financial Compensation (F)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are three key criteria to appraise for a systematic review?

<p>The key criteria to appraise for a systematic review are thoroughness, clarity and identification of a gap in the research.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT considered a type of research misconduct?

<p>Data Analysis (E)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The Belmont Report established ethical principles to guide research involving human subjects, including respect for persons, justice, and beneficence.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Describe the three core principles of the TCPS (Tri-Council Policy Statement).

<p>The three core principles of the TCPS are respect for persons, concern for welfare and justice.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a step in the conceptual phase of a quantitative research study?

<p>Developing the Intervention Protocol (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following research designs with their correct descriptions

<p>Experimental = Involves controlled manipulation of variables and random assignment to groups. Quasi-experimental = Involves examining a relationship between variables without random assignment, making causal inferences more challenging Non-experimental = Studies natural phenomena without manipulation or random assignment; focuses on describing and exploring patterns. Crossover = Repeated measures design where participants receive more than one treatment in a specific order. Longitudinal = Data collected from a sample over an extended period of time, examining changes over time.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Nursing Research

Systematic inquiry to get reliable evidence for nurses and clients.

Constructivist Paradigm

Qualitative research, where reality is multiple interpretations based on experiences.

Positivist Paradigm

Quantitative research, looking for objective truth through testing.

Qualitative Research

Understanding connections between things, not cause and effect, in real-life situations.

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Quantitative Research

Cause-and-effect or associative research, using numbers and testing.

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Generalizability

In quantitative studies, the extent to which findings apply to other groups and settings.

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Ethnography

Qualitative research method studying group behavior and culture, often through participant observation.

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Phenomenology

Qualitative research focusing on understanding the meaning of lived experiences.

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Grounded Theory

Qualitative research uncovering social processes through experience.

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Inductive Reasoning

Moving from specific observations to broader generalizations.

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Deductive Reasoning

Moving from broad theories to specific predictions (hypotheses).

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Hypothesis Generation

Developing ideas to study about how and why something happens.

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Hypothesis Testing

Using data to analyze if a prediction is actually correct in quantitative research.

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Cause and effect

Relationship where one variable directly influences another.

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Research methods

Techniques used to systematically gather and analyze data in research.

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Evidence-informed practice

Using best research, expertise, and patient preferences to make patient decisions.

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Systematic review

Rigorous summary of research findings, using high-quality studies.

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Meta-analysis

Combining results from many studies to get a clearer picture of effects.

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Internal validity

The degree findings support the idea that the treatment led to the change.

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External Validity

The generalizability of a study's findings to other situations or groups.

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Variable

A characteristic or attribute that can be measured or manipulated.

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Dependent Variable

Variable affected by another variable, the outcome.

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Independent Variable

Variable manipulated or changed to see its effect on the dependent variable.

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Study Notes

Nursing Research Paradigms

  • Constructivist paradigm corresponds with qualitative research methods
  • Inductive reasoning (hypothesis generation)
  • Multiple interpretations of reality
  • Grounded in real life experiences
  • Positivist paradigm corresponds with quantitative research methods
  • Deductive reasoning (hypothesis testing)
  • Quantifiable objectives
  • Looking for truth, eliminating chance
  • Controls statistical analysis
  • Generalized to the population as a whole due to statistics

Qualitative Research

  • Patterns of association or influence, not cause and effect
  • Focuses on experiences.
  • Poses questions about phenomena that are not easily quantifiable
  • Uses information from participants to develop themes
  • Ethnography focuses on patterns in social-cultural contexts
  • Phenomenology seeks the meaning of lived experiences
  • Grounded theory explores social-psychological processes
  • Narrative inquiry focuses on stories

Quantitative Research

  • Relationship between independent and dependent variables; cause and effect
  • Starts with a theory used for deduction
  • Experimental: uses intervention and control over external variables

Research Methods

  • Quantitative methods include experimental (RCT, controlled trials) and non-experimental (surveys)
  • Qualitative methods include grounded theory, phenomenology, and ethnography
  • Systematic reviews are a rigorous synthesis of high-quality studies
  • Meta-analysis quantitatively integrates results from multiple studies addressing similar research questions

Evidence-Informed Practice

  • Utilizes research to make clinical decisions
  • Combines clinical expertise and patient preferences

Research Designs

  • Experimental: involves manipulation and control over variables; aims to establish causality
  • Quasi-experimental: lacks random assignment; less definitive conclusions about causality
  • Non-experimental: explores relationships and patterns; no manipulation
  • Correlational: examines relationships between variables
  • Case-control: compares groups with and without a condition or exposure
  • Cohort: follows a group over time to study outcomes
  • Cross-sectional: collects data at a single point in time

Validity and Reliability

  • Validity refers to the accuracy, and reliability refers to the consistency of a measurement.
  • Relevant for both qualitative and quantitative studies and crucial for study quality.
  • Various types of validity exist, including internal validity, external validity, construct validity, statistical conclusion validity.

Ethical Considerations

  • Informed consent from all participants
  • Participant confidentiality
  • Protection of vulnerable populations (children, pregnant women, disabled)
  • Institutional review board approval is required for research

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Nursing Research Study Guide PDF

Description

Explore the key differences between constructivist and positivist paradigms in nursing research. This quiz highlights qualitative and quantitative methods, focusing on reasoning types, data interpretation, and research objectives. Test your understanding of how these paradigms shape research practices in nursing.

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