Nursing Profession and Roles Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What is a key characteristic that distinguishes a profession from an occupation?

  • Service orientation
  • Job-related training
  • Hourly wage earnings
  • Evaluation by peers (correct)

Which role focuses on managing therapeutic health care practices?

  • Change agent
  • Coordinator (correct)
  • Monitor
  • Counselor

What defines the theoretical boundaries of a profession?

  • Regulatory frameworks
  • Questions from clinical practice (correct)
  • Ethical codes
  • Immediate job functions

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a profession?

<p>Employer-determined job conditions (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what way can nursing be described, according to some definitions?

<p>An occupation or job (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'change agent' imply in a nursing context?

<p>Someone responsive to shifting healthcare needs (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes the practical boundaries of a profession?

<p>State of current knowledge (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of a counselor in the healthcare system?

<p>Focused on organizational competencies (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary purpose for nurses to participate in professional organizations?

<p>Links to other nurses in specific area of practice (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In questioning a doctor's order for Morphine sulfate, which role does the nurse primarily fulfill?

<p>Client advocate (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which option best defines the term 'nursing'?

<p>To nourish and to care (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of healthcare facility is primarily focused on outpatient services?

<p>Ambulatory care centers (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'unlicensed assistive personnel' (UAPs) refer to in the healthcare team?

<p>Individuals providing direct patient care under supervision (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which financing method is NOT typically associated with healthcare?

<p>Personal borrowings (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does Medicare primarily provide in the healthcare system?

<p>Healthcare coverage for seniors and disabled individuals (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which role of a nurse emphasizes collaboration with other healthcare team members?

<p>Collaborator (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which characteristic distinguishes a profession from other occupations?

<p>Prolonged education in a college or university (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is meant by autonomy in the context of professional nursing?

<p>Control over one's own work and decisions (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT one of the six essential features of professional nursing?

<p>Administrative duties for healthcare teams (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does self-regulation in the nursing profession imply?

<p>Independence in adapting to professional standards (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which feature emphasizes the ethical aspect of nursing?

<p>Incorporation of moral imperatives in caring (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of credentialing systems in the nursing profession?

<p>To certify competence and maintain professional standards (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the body of knowledge prerequisite for nursing practice?

<p>Specialized knowledge that is extensively studied and practiced (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What aspect of professional nursing includes striving for social justice?

<p>Influencing social and public policy (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which historical figure was known for lobbying for better living conditions for the mentally ill?

<p>Dorothea Dix (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was identified as the primary duty of nurses in the early 1900s?

<p>Obedience (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements reflects the contributions of nurses to the care of Civil War soldiers?

<p>Nurses provided a clean environment with food and water. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was one of the main arguments presented by opponents of nurse licensure?

<p>Nursing is primarily about personality rather than training. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What were the initial requirements for nursing licensure established in 1901?

<p>Having a diploma from an approved school. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why did the trained nurse of the early 1900s lack legal standing?

<p>There were no standardized training programs. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What organization was founded in 1978 to oversee nursing licensure?

<p>National Council of State Boards of Nursing (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of nursing licensure, what was a significant point made about untrained individuals claiming to be nurses?

<p>They could legally present themselves as trained nurses. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mission of the Texas Board of Nursing (TBON)?

<p>To ensure that each licensed nurse is competent to practice safely (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following organizations represents nursing students?

<p>National Student Nurses’ Association (NSNA) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of nursing care model focuses on collaborating within a team?

<p>Team nursing (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which organization is specifically known for establishing a universal standard of nursing education?

<p>National League for Nursing (NLN) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is not a recognized model of nursing care?

<p>Collaborative nursing (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What supersedes the interest of individual nurses and groups in the nursing practice?

<p>The Nurse Practice Act (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does differentiated practice in nursing primarily focus on?

<p>Customized roles based on individual nurse competencies (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What term refers to the recipients of nursing care?

<p>Clients, patients, and families (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role did Church Deaconesses play during the Early Christian Era?

<p>They cared for the sick. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following was a significant contribution of Florence Nightingale?

<p>Establishing nursing as a respected profession. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a primary focus of Elizabeth Fry's humanitarian work?

<p>Improving living conditions for prisoners' children. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which nurse is known for advocating for mental health during the 19th century?

<p>Dorothea Dix (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How did the Protestant Reformation impact nursing care?

<p>Removed hospitals from church control. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a characteristic of nursing care during the period from 1500-1819?

<p>Attendants lacked knowledge of nursing care. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following individuals was important for founding the Frontier Nursing Service?

<p>Mary Breckinridge (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What major change regarding male nurses occurred after the Korean Conflict?

<p>Legislation allowing their appointment as reserve officers was enacted. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement accurately describes Mary Seacole's contribution during the Crimean War?

<p>She was an untrained nurse who worked on the front lines. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was significant about the Order of St. John during the Middle Ages?

<p>It was devoted to charitable work and established hospitals for lepers. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Change agent

A process of guiding and supporting individuals or groups through change, involving identifying needs, developing strategies, and fostering adaptation.

Monitoring

The systematic observation and evaluation of processes and outcomes to ensure quality and effectiveness.

Management

The ability to effectively organize and manage tasks, resources, and personnel to achieve goals.

Quality assurance

The ongoing assessment and improvement of the quality of healthcare interventions and practices.

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Therapeutic interventions

The provision of therapeutic interventions, such as medications, therapies, or treatments, designed to address specific health conditions.

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Regimen

A structured set of guidelines, procedures, and protocols designed to support the delivery of consistent and safe healthcare.

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Organizational competencies

The skills, knowledge, and behaviors necessary for effective functioning within an organization and within specific work roles.

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Lifelong learner

The ongoing pursuit of learning and development to enhance knowledge, skills, and professional practice.

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Prolonged Education

A profession requires a prolonged period of education in college or university, resulting in a strong foundation of theoretical and research-based knowledge.

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Professional Values and Ethics

Professional education involves acquiring values, beliefs, and ethical guidelines specific to the profession.

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Autonomy in Decision Making

Professionals have autonomy, meaning they can make independent decisions within their scope of practice.

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Accountability for Actions

Professionals are accountable for the consequences of their actions, both ethically and legally.

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Professional Commitment

A strong sense of personal commitment and identification with the profession is essential.

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Unique Body of Knowledge

One of the key characteristics of a profession is a unique body of knowledge specific to the field.

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Formal Education and Training

Formal education and training are essential for professionals to develop specialized skills and knowledge.

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Service to Society

Professionals have a strong sense of responsibility to serve society and contribute to its well-being.

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Nurse Practice Act

A legal framework that outlines the scope of nursing practice, sets standards for education and licensure, and establishes disciplinary procedures for violations.

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State Board of Nursing (SBON)

An organization responsible for regulating nursing practice in a state, including licensing nurses, approving nursing education programs, and enforcing the Nurse Practice Act.

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Mission of the State Board of Nursing

The mission of a state's Board of Nursing is to ensure that all licensed nurses are competent and safe to practice, prioritizing the well-being of the public above any individual or special interest group.

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American Nurses Association (ANA)

A professional organization representing registered nurses nationwide, advocating for nurses, setting standards for nursing practice, and promoting professional development.

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National Student Nurses' Association (NSNA)

A national organization representing nursing students, promoting student interests, and providing resources for education and professional development.

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National League for Nursing (NLN)

A national organization focused on nursing education, setting standards for nursing education programs, and accrediting nursing schools.

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Functional Nursing

A model of nursing care where each nurse is assigned a specific task within a team and is responsible for completing those tasks for all patients.

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Primary Nursing

A model of nursing care where a registered nurse (RN) assumes primary responsibility for a group of patients, coordinating their care and providing comprehensive services.

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Differentiated Practice

A model of nursing care where nurses with specialized expertise are assigned to patients with specific needs, utilizing a variety of skills and knowledge to provide individualized care.

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Hospitals

A healthcare facility that provides care for patients with a wide range of medical needs, including acute and chronic conditions. They are often equipped with advanced medical technology and offer specialized services.

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Extended Care Facilities

Facilities that provide long-term care for individuals who require assistance with activities of daily living, such as bathing, dressing, and eating.

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Assisted Living Facilities

Offer housing and support services for individuals who need help with daily living but are not yet ready for a nursing home.

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Rehabilitation Centers

Provide therapy and rehabilitation services to help patients regain function after illness or injury.

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Ambulatory Care Centers

Medical facilities that provide outpatient services, such as check-ups, diagnostic testing, and minor procedures.

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Home Healthcare Agencies

Provide healthcare services to individuals in their own homes.

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Community or Public Health Centers

Public health centers that offer a range of services to promote the health of the community, including preventive care, screenings, and outreach programs.

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Interprofessional Healthcare Team

A team of healthcare professionals who collaborate to provide patient care. This team includes doctors, nurses, pharmacists, therapists, and other specialists.

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Nurse Licensure

The process of officially recognizing individuals who meet established requirements for nursing practice, ensuring public safety and professional standards.

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Nursing as a matter of personality

The argument that nursing involves personal attributes beyond training and that examinations cannot fully assess these qualities.

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NY State Nurses Association

The first state nurses association in the United States, established in 1901, setting standards for nursing education and practice.

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NCSBN (National Council of State Boards of Nursing)

A national organization responsible for developing and administering nursing licensure examinations, ensuring consistent standards across states.

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Dorothea Dix

A prominent figure who advocated for improved living conditions for the mentally ill, holding the position of Superintendent of Women Nurses.

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Obedience

The act of following instructions and orders without questioning, often considered a primary duty for nurses in the early 20th century.

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Critical Thinking

The ability to analyze situations, make informed decisions, and use critical thinking skills in nursing practice.

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Nursing care for Civil War soldiers

The crucial role of nurses in providing a clean, safe, and supportive environment for soldiers during the Civil War.

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Early Nursing Practices

Early Christian deaconesses, first hospitals, and the joint care of the sick by monks and nuns during the Middle Ages marked the foundation for nursing.

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Hildegarde's Contributions

Hildegarde of Bingen, a prominent figure in the Middle Ages, authored books that provided accurate depictions of the reproductive, circulatory, and nervous systems.

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Order of St. John

The Order of St. John dedicated itself to charitable work, establishing convalescent homes and specialized hospitals for lepers.

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Religious Orders of Nursing

Religious orders of nursing for women emerged, characterized by their structured approach to patient care and adherence to vows of chastity, poverty, and obedience.

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Protestant Reformation and Hospitals

The Protestant Reformation led to the closure of monasteries and convents, resulting in the transfer of hospital management away from the church.

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Nursing in the 16th-19th Centuries

In the period from 1500 to 1819, the care of the sick primarily fell upon women from the lower classes, often due to their age or health limitations.

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Hospital Reforms in the 1700s

The 1700s witnessed hospital reforms in the Americas, ushering in a new era of healthcare.

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Elizabeth Fry's Contributions

Elizabeth Fry, a pioneer in prison reform, established a program for female prisoners to create and sell goods, improving the lives of children born in prison. She also introduced Florence Nightingale to the Kaiserworth training program for nurses.

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Catherine McAuley and the Sisters of Mercy

Catherine McAuley, the founder of the Religious Sisters of Mercy, emphasized a spiritual approach to nursing and established homes and schools focused on cooking, obstetrics, and clinical instruction in patient homes.

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Florence Nightingale's Legacy

Florence Nightingale revolutionized patient care, establishing nursing as a profession. Her work as a superintendent during the Crimean War transformed hospitals, reduced mortality rates, and elevated nursing as an art form.

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Study Notes

Welcome to Your First Nursing Class!

  • Pick up a notecard or note page.
  • Create a name tent to place on the table.
  • This will help others and faculty know your name.

Introduction to Nursing (NURS 3351)

  • This is an introductory nursing course.

Learning Objectives

  • Define nursing.
  • Discuss nursing professional values.
  • Distinguish the characteristics of a profession.
  • Identify the roles of a nurse.
  • Discuss nursing history and its relation to modern nursing practice.

Nursing as an Art

  • "Nursing is an art" and requires dedication like painting or sculpting
  • Nurses care for the living body, the temple of God's spirit.
  • This is considered one of the finest arts.

Student Nurse to Nurse

  • Transition from acting like a nurse to being a nurse

What is a Nurse?

  • A person who cares for the sick or infirm.
  • Someone who looks after, fosters, or advises.

What Nurses Do

  • Perform physical exams, health histories before making critical decisions.
  • Provide health promotion, counseling, and education.
  • Administer medications and other interventions.
  • Coordinate care with other healthcare professionals.

Professional Nursing Roles

  • Caregivers

  • Client advocates

  • Teachers

  • Change agents

  • Coordinators

  • Counselors

  • Colleagues

  • Lifelong learners

  • Roles involve helping, teaching, administration, diagnostic and patient monitoring, and monitoring the quality of health care and ensuring care practices in relation to these situations.

Profession, Occupation or Discipline

  • Professions have technical or scientific knowledge that are evaluated by peers.
  • They have a service orientation and ethical codes.
  • Nursing is often described as an occupation, with most nurses being hourly wage earners.

What is a Profession?

  • Prolonged education in a college or university.
  • Acquire a body of knowledge based on theory and research.
  • Includes values, beliefs, and ethics relating to the profession.
  • Autonomy in decision-making.
  • Accountability for one's actions.
  • A strong commitment to and personal identification with the profession.

Six Essential Features of Professional Nursing

  • Provide caring relationships that promote health and healing.
  • Assess and attend to the full range of human responses and experiences.
  • Integrate subjective and objective data.
  • Use professional judgment and critical thinking.
  • Use scholarly inquiry.
  • Strive for social justice by influencing social and public policy.

Characteristics of a Profession

  • Authority to control one's work
  • Uniquely unique knowledge
  • Extensive training periods
  • Specialized competence
  • Control over work performance
  • Serving society
  • Self-regulation
  • Credentialing systems for certification of competence.
  • Legal reinforcement of professional standards.
  • Ethical practices
  • Creation of a collegial subculture
  • Public acceptance

Characteristics of a Profession- Knowledge

  • Intellectual characteristics-the body of knowledge
  • Specialized education to transmit the body of knowledge to others
  • Ability to use knowledge in critical and creative ways
  • Caring encompasses the five conceptualizations: human trait, moral imperative, affect, interpersonal interaction, and therapeutic intervention

Nursing Licensure

  • Nurse registration and licensure was designed to protect the public
  • Nurses who meet professional standards are differentiated from those who don't

Regulations of Practice & Education

  • State Nurse Practice Acts
  • State Boards of Nursing
  • ANA standards of practice
  • Roles involve protection, support, and promotion of the welfare of the people of specific states along with regulation of the practice of nursing, nursing education program approval, and a mission derived from the Nurse Practice Act that supersedes many special interests

Models of Nursing Care

  • Case method
  • Functional nursing
  • Team nursing
  • Primary nursing
  • Differentiated practice

Healthcare Delivery System

  • Hospitals
  • Extended care facilities
  • Assisted living facilities
  • Rehabilitation centers
  • Ambulatory care centers
  • Home healthcare agencies
  • Community or public health centers

Interprofessional Healthcare Team

  • Physicians (MDs or DOs)
  • Advanced practice nurses (APNs)/nurse practitioners (NPs)
  • Physician assistants (PAs)
  • Unlicensed assistive personnel (UAPs)
  • Pharmacists
  • Registered nurses (RNs)/licensed practical nurses (LPNs)
  • Therapists
  • Technologists

Financing Healthcare

  • Individual private insurance
  • Employment-based private insurance
  • Government (Medicare, Medicaid)
  • Charitable organizations
  • Health Maintenance Organizations (HMOs)
  • Preferred Provider Organizations (PPOs)

Entry Into Practice

  • Registered Nurse
    • Diploma programs
    • 3-year programs (hospital-based)
    • Associate degree (AD) programs (2-year, community college)
    • Baccalaureate degree programs (college and universities)
    • RN-BSN
  • Advanced Practice
    • Master's
    • Doctorate
    • PhD
    • DNP

Phases of Nursing (Benner, 1984)

  • Novice
  • Advanced beginner
  • Competent
  • Proficient
  • Expert

Professional Organizations

  • American Nurses Association (ANA)
  • National professional organizations
  • National League for Nursing (NLN)
  • National Student Nurses' Association (NSNA)
  • Sigma Theta Tau International (STTI)
  • International Council of Nurses (ICN)
  • Federation of national nursing organizations
  • Specialties (e.g., clinical, group identity, value-specific)

Recipients of Nursing Care

  • Individuals (patients, clients)
  • Groups
  • Families
  • Communities

Important Historical Nurses

  • Mary Seacole
  • Walt Whitman
  • Sojourner Truth
  • Anna Maxwell
  • Hazel Johnson-Brown
  • Dorothea Dix
  • Mary Breckinridge
  • Mary Eliza Mahoney
  • Clara Barton
  • Margaret Sanger
  • Lillian Wald

Male Nurses

  • Selective Service Act
  • Korean Conflict
  • Appointment of male nurses

Ethical Practice: Guiding Principles

  • Respect for human dignity and uniqueness
  • Protection of confidential information
  • Acts to safeguard persons
  • Responsibility and accountability for nursing actions
  • Maintenance of nursing competence
  • Use of informed judgment
  • Participation in research and other activities
  • Participation in activities to improve and implement standards
  • Integrity to profession
  • Collaboration with other healthcare professionals and consumers.

Historical Nursing

  • Early Christian Era – Church Deaconesses, First Hospitals
  • Middle Ages – Monks and Nuns, Hildegarde, Order of St. John, Religious Orders
  • 1500-1819 Europe, England, America – Protestant Reformation, hospitals, care of sick
  • Nursing Becomes Respectable – Elizabeth Fry, Florence Nightingale, Catherine McAuley
  • Florence Nightingale – Reformed patient care, established nursing, superintendent of nursing staff, Crimean War, transformed hospitals, Nightingale fund, Elevated nursing profession and viewed it as an art
  • Important Historical Nurses – Mary Seacole, Walt Whitman, Sojourner Truth, Anna Maxwell, Hazel Johnson-Brown, Dorothea Dix, Mary Breckinridge, Mary Eliza Mahoney, Clara Barton, Margaret Sanger, Lillian Wald

Nurse Licensure

  • Nurse registration and licensure was designed to protect the public by differentiating nurses.
  • Registered nurses have met professional standards
  • Opponents of licensure sometimes thought that personality and personal qualities not shown by examinations were the matter of nursing

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