Nursing Process Steps and Body Quadrants
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Questions and Answers

What are the five steps of the nursing process?

Assessment, Diagnosis, Planning, Implementation, Evaluation

What type of data is collected during the assessment phase of the nursing process?

  • Subjective only
  • Objective only
  • Both subjective and objective (correct)
  • None of the above
  • What is the primary focus of the planning phase of the nursing process?

  • Developing a care plan to address identified problems (correct)
  • Analyzing the collected data to identify problems
  • Evaluating the effectiveness of the care plan
  • Collecting data about the patient's condition
  • Which of the following actions would be considered part of implementation in the nursing process?

    <p>Administering medications (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During the evaluation phase, what type of data is primarily used to determine the effectiveness of interventions?

    <p>Both subjective and objective (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of a complete total health database?

    <p>An initial health history and physical exam (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of assessment would be used to focus on a specific health issue that the patient is presenting with?

    <p>Focused/problem-oriented assessment (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of a follow-up assessment?

    <p>To evaluate the patient's progress since their last visit and monitor the effectiveness of interventions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following would be considered subjective data?

    <p>Patient reports feeling nauseous (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of objective data?

    <p>Patient's skin appears pale (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a type of patient data?

    <p>Vital signs (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the nursing process?

    <p>To provide comprehensive and individualized patient care, ensuring that the patient's needs are addressed systematically and effectively.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What kind of information does a patient's past history include?

    <p>Childhood illnesses and surgeries (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT part of a functional assessment?

    <p>Family history of diseases (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the three phases of an interview?

    <p>Introduction, working phase, and closing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of a verbal response that encourages the patient to share more information?

    <p>Facilitation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a type of non-verbal communication that nurses should be aware of?

    <p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    It is appropriate to use terms like 'honey' or 'dear' when addressing an elderly patient.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the acronym PQRSTU stand for in the health history?

    <p>Provocative or Palliative, Quality or Quantity, Region or Radiation, Severity Scale, Timing, Understanding the patient's perception of the problem.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT included in a health history?

    <p>Vital signs (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an important reason to collect information about a patient's allergies?

    <p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Review of Systems (ROS) involves gathering objective data about each body system.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT included in a functional assessment?

    <p>Medication history (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the correct order of assessment techniques used during a physical exam?

    <p>Inspection, auscultation, percussion, palpation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are standard precautions that should be taken during a physical assessment?

    <p>Hand hygiene, Personal Protective Equipment (PPE), and cleaning patient care equipment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The physical exam is typically conducted in a cephalocaudal approach, starting with the head and moving downwards.

    <p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which position would you place a patient to examine their abdomen?

    <p>Supine (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of inspection during a physical exam?

    <p>To observe and identify any significant physical findings (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Palpation involves using the sense of touch to assess the patient's temperature, texture, and consistency of tissues.

    <p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the hand is best for detecting fine tactile discrimination, such as texture and lumps?

    <p>Fingertips (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of palpation would you use to assess for vibrations?

    <p>Palpation with the palmar side of the hand (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following techniques would you use to palpate the liver?

    <p>Bimanual palpation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of percussion?

    <p>To assess the underlying tissues, identify organ boundaries, and detect abnormal masses or fluid.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Direct percussion involves tapping directly on the body surface with one or two fingertips.

    <p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of percussion is most commonly used?

    <p>Indirect percussion (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Blunt percussion is used to assess for tenderness over the kidneys.

    <p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of sound would you expect to hear when percussing over a solid organ, like the liver?

    <p>Dull (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Auscultation involves listening to sounds within the body using a stethoscope.

    <p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of stethoscope is preferred for listening to high-pitched sounds, like heart and breath sounds?

    <p>Diaphragm (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    It is always appropriate to use a stethoscope to listen to bowel sounds, even if they are clearly audible without it.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Flashcards

    What are the five steps of the Nursing Process?

    Assessment, Diagnosis, Planning, Implementation, Evaluation

    What is assessment in the nursing process?

    Collecting subjective and objective data. Subjective data is what the patient tells you, and objective data is what you observe.

    What is diagnosis in the nursing process?

    Analyzing the collected data to make clinical judgments and prioritize problems.

    What is planning in the nursing process?

    Developing a plan to address prioritized problems, including specific outcomes and interventions.

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    What is implementation in the nursing process?

    Putting the planned interventions into action, prioritizing tasks, and making adjustments as needed.

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    What is evaluation in the nursing process?

    Evaluating the effectiveness of interventions and revisiting the plan if needed.

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    What is a complete total health database?

    A comprehensive assessment that includes a full health history, physical exam, and review of systems. It's typically done for new patients.

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    What is a focused, problem-oriented database?

    An assessment focused on a specific health issue or problem. It's used for follow-up appointments or when a patient presents with a specific complaint.

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    What is an emergency database?

    An assessment used when a patient is experiencing a sudden or critical health issue. It's focused on stabilizing the patient and addressing immediate concerns.

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    What is subjective data?

    Data that is collected from the patient directly, such as their reports of pain levels or symptoms.

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    What is objective data?

    Data that is observed or measured by the healthcare professional, such as vital signs or physical exam findings.

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    What is the first level of priority in patient care?

    The highest priority for patients who are experiencing a life-threatening emergency. This includes airway, breathing, and circulation (ABC) issues.

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    What is the second level of priority in patient care?

    The second priority for patients who need urgent attention to prevent deterioration. This includes mental status changes and acute pain.

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    What is the third level of priority in patient care?

    The third priority for patients who need care, but it can wait after more urgent problems are addressed. This includes lack of knowledge, mobility issues, and family coping.

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    What are the phases of an interview?

    A structured approach to gathering information from the patient. It usually includes three phases: introduction, working phase, and closing.

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    What is facilitation in an interview?

    A verbal response that encourages the patient to elaborate on their thoughts or feelings.

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    What is reflection in an interview?

    A verbal response that involves simply repeating the patient's last few words to show you're listening and encourage them to continue.

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    What is clarification in an interview?

    A verbal response that aims to clarify the patient's statements by summarizing or rephrasing what they've said.

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    What is confrontation in an interview?

    A verbal response that confronts the patient with inconsistencies or discrepancies in their statements. This is done respectfully and with a goal of helping them to work through their thoughts and feelings.

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    What is interpretation in an interview?

    A verbal response that offers an interpretation of the patient's thoughts or feelings. It's important to do this cautiously and to check in with the patient to make sure your interpretation is accurate.

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    What is explanation in an interview?

    A verbal response that provides factual information to the patient. It's important to make sure the information is accurate and understandable to the patient.

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    What is summary in an interview?

    A verbal response that summarizes the main points of the interview. It's a helpful way to ensure that you and the patient are on the same page.

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    What is PQRSTU in health history?

    A mnemonic tool used to collect a detailed health history from a patient. It helps to ensure that all relevant information is gathered in a structured way.

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    What is the review of systems in health history?

    A systematic approach to assessing the different body systems. It helps to ensure that no important information is missed during the interview.

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    What is a functional assessment in health history?

    An assessment that evaluates a patient's ability to perform activities of daily living, such as bathing, dressing, and eating. It helps to identify any functional limitations and potential areas for support.

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    What is the order of assessment techniques?

    A systematic approach to physical assessment that begins with inspection, followed by palpation, percussion, and auscultation.

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    What is palpation in physical assessment?

    The use of touch to assess the texture, temperature, moisture, shape, size, and consistency of different body parts.

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    What is percussion in physical assessment?

    A technique that involves tapping on the body surface to produce sounds that can be used to assess underlying structures.

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    What is auscultation in physical assessment?

    The process of listening to the sounds produced by the body, such as heart sounds, lung sounds, and bowel sounds.

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    Study Notes

    Nursing Process Steps

    • Assessment: Collecting subjective (patient reported) and objective (observed) data.
    • Diagnosis: Analyzing data to make clinical judgments and prioritize problems.
    • Planning: Developing solutions, creating a plan, and prioritizing outcomes.
    • Implementation: Taking actions and implementing planned interventions.
    • Evaluation: Assessing if outcomes were met and adjusting the plan if needed.

    Body Quadrant Locations

    • RUQ (Right Upper Quadrant): Liver, gallbladder.
    • LUQ (Left Upper Quadrant): Spleen, stomach.
    • RLQ (Right Lower Quadrant): Appendix.
    • LLQ (Left Lower Quadrant): Part of small intestine.
    • Kidneys: Upper quadrants, closer to the midline.
    • Pancreas: UQ (upper quadrants but closer to the midline)
    • Cecum: RLQ

    Patient Data Types

    • Complete (total health) database: Initial health history and physical exam.
    • Follow-up data: Evaluating patient progress since the last visit.
    • Focused/problem-oriented data: Assessing a specific health concern.
    • Emergency database: Immediate assessment for life-threatening situations.

    Priority Levels

    • Level 1: Emergent, life-threatening, immediate (ABCs).
    • Level 2: Next in urgency, requires attention to prevent further deterioration.
    • Level 3: Important to patient's health, can be addressed after more urgent issues.

    Interview Phases

    • Introduction: Establishing rapport and setting the stage.
    • Working phase: Gathering information using open-ended questions and responses.
    • Closing: Summarizing findings, answering questions, and scheduling follow-up.

    Verbal Responses during Interview

    • Facilitation: Encouraging the patient to continue speaking.
    • Silence: Allowing time for reflection.
    • Reflection: Repeating or paraphrasing the patient's statements.
    • Empathy: Showing understanding.
    • Clarification: Seeking further information.
    • Confrontation: Addressing inconsistencies or apparent contradictions.
    • Interpretation: Offering possible meanings or explanations.
    • Explanation: Providing information to the patient.
    • Summary: Condensing information.

    Health History Information Collection

    • PQRSTU: Used in the chief complaint assessment.
    • P: Provocative or palliative (what brings it on, what makes it better/worse).
    • Q: Quality or quantity (how does it look, feel, sound, how intense/severe is it?).
    • R: Region or radiation (where is it, does it spread anywhere?).
    • S: Severity scale (0-10 scale and whether it's getting better, worse, or staying the same).
    • T: Timing (onset, duration, frequency).
    • U: Understanding — Patient's perception.

    Health History Components

    • Biographical data: Demographics.
    • Chief complaint/reason for seeking care.
    • History of present illness.
    • Past health history: Childhood illnesses, accidents, chronic illnesses, operations, immunizations, allergies, current medications.
    • Family history: Significant illnesses that run in the family.
    • Review of systems (ROS): Assessment of individual body systems.
    • Functional assessment: Self-care, activities, relationships, and resources.

    Physical Assessment Order

    • Systematic and cephalocaudal: Head to toe.
    • Least intrusive to most intrusive actions.
    • Inspection, followed by palpation, percussion, and auscultation, and always starting with areas NOT affected by the chief complaint.

    Assessment Positions

    • Dorsal recumbent: Lying on back with knees flexed.
    • Supine: Lying on back.
    • Prone: Lying face down.
    • Sims': Lying on left side, with right knee drawn up .
    • Knee-chest: Knees and chest on the table.
    • Lithotomy: Lying on back, legs raised, feet in stirrups.

    Palpation Techniques

    • Light palpation: Assess surface characteristics.
    • Moderate palpation: Palpate easily accessible organs and masses.
    • Deep palpation: Assess deep abdominal organs.
    • Bimanual palpation (using both hands).
    • Hook technique (used for bimanual palpation of deeper structures, e.g, liver).

    Percussion Techniques

    • Direct percussion: Direct tapping to elicit tenderness (e.g., sinuses).
    • Indirect (mediate) percussion: Tapping through the skin, assess organs (e.g., lungs, abdomen).
    • Blunt percussion: Used to find tenderness over organs (e.g., kidneys).

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    Description

    Explore the essential steps of the nursing process, including assessment, diagnosis, planning, implementation, and evaluation. Additionally, learn about the body quadrant locations and the types of patient data collected. This quiz is a great resource for nursing students aiming to solidify their understanding of these fundamental concepts.

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