65 Questions
What type of information does the nurse gather about the patient's symptoms and activities?
Information about the patient's response to angina
What is the basis for designing an effective program of treatment and prevention?
The patient's response to angina
What may be a major nursing diagnosis based on the assessment data?
Lack of knowledge about methods for avoiding complications
Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a major nursing diagnosis based on the assessment data?
Able to perform self-care
What does CAD stand for in this context?
Coronary Artery Disease
What type of information does the nurse also assess besides angina pectoris?
The patient's risk factors for CAD
What is the main purpose of gathering information about the patient's symptoms and activities?
To design an effective program of treatment and prevention
Why does the nurse gather information about those symptoms and activities?
"To better understand the patient's condition"
What are appropriate questions listed in Chart 23-4 related to?
Patient's symptoms and activities
What is NOT included in major nursing diagnoses based on the assessment data?
Risk for impaired respiratory function
What does the nurse assess besides angina pectoris or its equivalent?
The patient’s risk factors for CAD
What are the potential complications associated with angina?
Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS) and/or Myocardial Infarction (MI)
What is the major patient goal when managing angina?
Immediate and appropriate treatment when angina occurs
What should the nurse do if the patient reports pain or cardiac ischemia is suggested by prodromal symptoms?
Take immediate action
What is the recommended action if the chest pain remains unchanged or is lessened but still present after nitroglycerin administration?
Repeat nitroglycerin administration up to three doses
What should the nurse do if the patient's respiratory rate is increased or if the oxygen saturation level is decreased?
Administer oxygen therapy
What are common fears of patients with angina?
Fear of losing roles within society and family, fear of pain leading to an MI or death
What does the nurse need to identify when reviewing assessment findings for a patient with angina?
The level of activity that causes the patient’s pain or prodromal symptoms
What is the goal of educating the patient with angina?
To reduce the frequency and severity of anginal attacks, delay the progress of the underlying disease if possible, and prevent complications
What is angina pectoris?
The expected companion of ischemic heart disease
What is typical angina described as?
A pressure, heaviness, and/or a burning sensation
What is important for a nurse to explore with a patient experiencing angina?
Stress reduction methods such as guided imagery or music therapy
What is the typical symptom of angina pectoris?
Chest pain or discomfort
Which type of angina typically has a regular pattern, lasts 5 minutes or less, and comes and goes at expected times, such as during exercise?
Stable angina
What is the main cause of angina pectoris?
Narrow or blocked heart blood vessels
Which medical procedure involves inserting a small balloon into the heart's blood vessels to open them?
Angioplasty
What lifestyle change can help prevent angina pectoris?
Avoiding large meals
Which medication is used to help prevent blood clots that can block blood vessels?
Daily low-dose aspirin
What is the main symptom of stable angina?
Pain during exercise that goes away with rest
What is the main symptom of unstable angina?
Pain at rest without any physical exertion
Which test uses sound waves to make images of the heart and can show parts of the heart that are not getting enough blood?
Echocardiogram
What is the common description of angina pectoris?
Tightness, pressure, squeezing, or pain in the chest
What lifestyle change can help prevent angina pectoris?
Losing weight if overweight
What is the most commonly reported manifestation of cardiac chest pain?
Burning sensation in the chest
What is the expected companion of ischemic heart disease?
Angina Pectoris
What is the result of insufficient oxygen in one or more areas of the heart muscle?
Angina Pectoris
What is the primary cause of a change in angina from the patient's typical experiences?
Different cause
What is the recommended action if the chest pain remains unchanged or is lessened but still present after nitroglycerin administration?
Repeat nitroglycerin administration up to three doses
What are common fears of patients with angina?
Fear of losing role in society
What is a major goal for educating the patient with angina?
Preventing complications
What lifestyle change can help prevent angina pectoris?
Balancing activity and rest periods
What lifestyle change can help prevent angina pectoris?
Balancing activity and rest periods
What should be explored with a patient to reduce anxiety related to angina?
Guided imagery or music therapy
What is typically given at 2 L/min by nasal cannula for patients with angina?
Oxygen therapy
What does the patient need awareness and understanding of in terms of prescribed care for angina?
Disease process and prescribed care
What is the main focus of the nurse's assessment when gathering information about the patient's symptoms and activities?
Understanding the triggers and patterns of angina pectoris
What is a potential major nursing diagnosis based on the assessment data for a patient with angina pectoris?
Anxiety associated with cardiac symptoms and possible death
Besides assessing angina pectoris, what does the nurse also assess in the patient?
The patient's risk factors for coronary artery disease (CAD)
What lifestyle change can help prevent complications for a patient with angina pectoris?
Quitting smoking
What should the nurse explore with a patient experiencing angina pectoris?
The patient's emotional and behavioral responses to angina
Which test uses sound waves to make images of the heart and can show parts of the heart that are not getting enough blood?
Echocardiogram
What may be a major nursing diagnosis based on the assessment data for a patient with angina pectoris?
Lack of knowledge about the underlying disease and methods for avoiding complications
What medication is used to help prevent blood clots that can block blood vessels?
Aspirin
What is important for a nurse to explore with a patient experiencing angina pectoris?
'The patient's perception of pain and level of anxiety
What is the main symptom of unstable angina?
Chest pain that occurs at rest or with minimal exertion and increases in frequency and severity
What should the nurse do if the patient reports pain or cardiac ischemia is suggested by prodromal symptoms?
Administer nitroglycerin if ordered; if no relief after 5 minutes, call EMS; repeat every 5 minutes for 15 minutes, not exceeding three doses unless prescribed otherwise.
What is NOT included in major nursing diagnoses based on the assessment data?
Risk for impaired respiratory function
What is the typical description of angina pectoris?
A dull ache located behind the mid-sternum and may radiate into the arms, neck, or jaw
What can trigger an attack of angina in an individual?
Climbing a flight of stairs
Which type of angina does not have a pattern and happens more often, signaling a heart attack and requiring emergency treatment?
Unstable angina
What is the main symptom of unstable angina?
Chest pain that does not have a pattern and happens more often
What causes angina to happen?
Narrowing or blockage of vessels supplying blood to the heart
What lifestyle change can help prevent angina pectoris?
Avoid eating large meals and lose weight if overweight
What is the main purpose of educating the patient with angina?
To help the patient understand their condition and manage it effectively
Which medication is used to help prevent blood clots that can block blood vessels?
Low-dose aspirin (antiplatelets)
Study Notes
Angina Pectoris
- The nurse gathers information about the patient's symptoms and activities to design an effective program of treatment and prevention.
- The main purpose of gathering information is to identify patterns and triggers of angina attacks.
Assessment Data
- The nurse assesses factors such as:
- Symptoms of angina, including chest pain, pressure, or heaviness
- Activities that trigger or relieve symptoms
- Medical history, including risk factors and comorbidities
- Lifestyle habits, including diet, exercise, and stress management
Nursing Diagnoses
- Potential major nursing diagnoses based on assessment data include:
- Ineffective cardiopulmonary tissue perfusion
- Deficient knowledge regarding disease process and self-care
- Anxiety related to fear of heart attack or death
- NOT included in major nursing diagnoses: Cardiovascular disease
Angina Pectoris
- Angina pectoris is chest pain or discomfort that occurs when the heart muscle does not get enough oxygen-rich blood.
- Typical angina is described as a squeezing, pressure, or heaviness in the chest that may radiate to the arms, back, neck, or jaw.
- Angina can be stable (typical, expected pattern) or unstable (new, worsening, or changing pattern).
Causes and Complications
- The main cause of angina pectoris is insufficient oxygen to the heart muscle due to coronary artery disease (CAD).
- Potential complications include heart attack, cardiac arrhythmias, and heart failure.
Treatment and Prevention
- Lifestyle changes that can help prevent angina pectoris include:
- Quitting smoking
- Maintaining a healthy diet
- Exercising regularly
- Managing stress
- Medications used to help prevent blood clots that can block blood vessels include anticoagulants and antiplatelet agents.
Patient Education
- The goal of educating the patient with angina is to promote self-management and reduce anxiety related to the condition.
- The nurse should explore the patient's fears and concerns about angina and provide education on prescribed care, including medication management and lifestyle changes.
Test your knowledge of the nursing process for assessing a patient with angina pectoris. This quiz focuses on gathering information about the patient’s symptoms and activities, as well as designing an effective program of treatment and prevention based on the assessment.
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