Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the key difference between directive and nondirective interviews?
What is the key difference between directive and nondirective interviews?
Which type of question specifies a broad topic to discuss and invites longer answers?
Which type of question specifies a broad topic to discuss and invites longer answers?
At what stage of an interview does the nurse establish rapport with the client?
At what stage of an interview does the nurse establish rapport with the client?
Which data-collection method uses observation, inspection, auscultation, palpation, and percussion in a systematic way?
Which data-collection method uses observation, inspection, auscultation, palpation, and percussion in a systematic way?
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What does documenting data in a factual manner without stating interpretations refer to?
What does documenting data in a factual manner without stating interpretations refer to?
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Which phase of the nursing process involves the continuous collection, organization, validation, and documentation of data?
Which phase of the nursing process involves the continuous collection, organization, validation, and documentation of data?
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Which type of assessment is performed during any psychological or physiological crisis of a client?
Which type of assessment is performed during any psychological or physiological crisis of a client?
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What should be performed and documented within 24 hours of a client's admission?
What should be performed and documented within 24 hours of a client's admission?
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Which data type is apparent only to the person affected and cannot be observed by others?
Which data type is apparent only to the person affected and cannot be observed by others?
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Which source of data is important to ensure continuity of care when clients are transferred to and from home and health care agencies?
Which source of data is important to ensure continuity of care when clients are transferred to and from home and health care agencies?
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Study Notes
Directing an Interview
- Nurse establishes purpose and controls the interview in a directive interview
- In a nondirective interview, the client controls the purpose, subject matter, and pacing
Building Rapport
- Rapport is an understanding between two or more people
- Established through creating goodwill and trust in the opening stage of an interview
Types of Interview Questions
- Closed questions: restrictive, require a "yes" or "no" answer, and require less effort and information from the client
- Open-ended questions: specify a broad topic to discuss, invite longer answers, and get more information from the client
- Neutral questions: do not lead the client towards a particular answer
- Leading questions: tend to suggest a particular answer or response
Stages of an Interview
- The Opening: establish rapport, create goodwill, and explain the purpose of the interview
- The Body: the client communicates, and the nurse asks questions
- The Closing: the nurse ends the interview when necessary information is collected
Physical Examination
- Cephalocaudal approach: a head-to-toe progression used in the examination
- Screening examination: a review of systems used to identify potential health problems
Conceptual Models/Frameworks
- Gordon's functional health pattern framework: a model used to guide nursing practice
- Orem's self-care model: a model focused on promoting self-care
- Roy's adaptation model: a model that views the person as an adaptive system
- Wellness models: assist clients to identify and explore lifestyle habits and health behaviors, beliefs, values, and attitudes
- Non-nursing models: body systems model and Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs
Collecting and Recording Data
- Validation: the act of "double-checking" to verify the accuracy of data
- Cues: subjective and objective data that can be directly observed by the nurse
- Inference: the nurse's interpretation based on cues
- Documenting data: recording client data in a factual manner without stating interpretations
Diagnosing
- NANDA International: defines, refines, and promotes a taxonomy of nursing diagnostic terminology
- Taxonomy: a classification system or set of categories arranged based on a principle
- Diagnosing: the reasoning process used to identify a problem
- Diagnosis: a statement or conclusion regarding the nature of a health problem
Nursing Process
- Systematic, rational method of planning and providing individualized nursing care
- Assessing: systematic and continuous collection, organization, validation, and documentation of data
- Four types of assessment: initial, problem-focused, emergency, and time-lapsed reassessment
Collecting Data
- History: collecting information about a client's past and current health status
- Physical examination: performed and documented within 24 hours of admission
- Types of data: subjective (symptoms) and objective (signs)
- Client: the best source of data, unless too ill, young, or confused to communicate clearly
- Secondary sources: family members, significant others, healthcare professionals, and literature
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Description
Learn about the nursing process which involves planning and providing individualized care, with a focus on the assessing phase that includes continuous collection, organization, and validation of data. Explore the 4 types of assessment including initial and problem-focused assessment.
