Nursing Practice Theories - Chapter 5
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is NOT a step in scientific inquiry?

  • Evaluation
  • Method
  • Data Analysis (correct)
  • Hypothesis
  • Which element of a theory refers to its ability to predict future events?

  • Fruitfulness (correct)
  • Accuracy
  • Consistency
  • Inclusiveness
  • A nurse is researching the effects of different lighting on patient recovery. The nurse hypothesizes that patients in rooms with natural light will recover more quickly. What is the independent variable in this study?

  • Type of lighting (correct)
  • Patient demographics
  • Room temperature
  • Patient recovery time
  • What is the primary purpose of nursing science?

    <p>To improve patient care (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following explains the difference between a theory and a model?

    <p>Theories provide a more comprehensive explanation of phenomena than models (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A theory is considered _ when it includes a wide range of phenomena and situations.

    <p>Inclusive (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the importance of using nursing science to guide practice?

    <p>To help nurses make informed decisions about patient care (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A nurse is researching the effectiveness of aromatherapy on reducing anxiety in hospital patients. The nurse collects data on patient anxiety levels before and after aromatherapy treatments. Which step of scientific inquiry does this represent?

    <p>Data collection (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main focus of Madeline Leininger's Theory of Cultural Care Diversity and Universality?

    <p>Cultural care components (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Watson's Theory of Human Caring, which aspect is considered essential to healing?

    <p>Caring relationships (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In Newman's theory of health as expanding consciousness, what is defined as 'expanding consciousness'?

    <p>Increasing complexity (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Mishel's framework for dealing with uncertainty in illness include?

    <p>A four-step process (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following concepts is NOT emphasized in Leininger's Theory of Cultural Care?

    <p>Transpersonal caring (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Watson's Theory of Human Caring particularly addresses the importance of which of the following?

    <p>Interpersonal skills (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In Newman's view, the nurse's role involves recognizing what aspect of health?

    <p>Person's uniqueness (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What emotional impact can uncertainty in illness have on a client, according to Mishel's theory?

    <p>Stress and negative outcomes (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What aspect does Peplau's theory primarily focus on?

    <p>Interpersonal relationships between nurse and client (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Neuman’s System Model, what is the primary concern of the nursing intervention?

    <p>Attaining, retaining, and maintaining wellness (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What concept is central to Rogers' science of unitary human beings?

    <p>Energy fields and interaction with the environment (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In Orem's Self-Care Deficit model, what does the nurse primarily assess?

    <p>Client's self-care deficits (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the four basic concepts included in nursing models?

    <p>Nursing, person, health, and environment (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does the nurse play according to Roy's Adaptation model?

    <p>Change agent for environmental modification (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the concept of 'unstable equilibrium' refer to in Peplau's theory?

    <p>Client's fluctuating emotional state affecting health outcomes (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes a middle range theory from a grand theory?

    <p>Middle range theory focuses on specific populations, whereas grand theory explains large segments of human experience (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is a conceptual model or framework typically characterized?

    <p>More loosely structured than theories (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which level of nursing focuses on collecting data from stress responses as emphasized in Neuman’s model?

    <p>Secondary prevention (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does nursing theory play in the professional practice of nursing?

    <p>It guides research and practice (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key factor in Orem's approach to self-care?

    <p>Matching nurse interventions to client needs (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of schematic models in nursing theory?

    <p>To clarify and show relationships between complex concepts (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best characterizes Florence Nightingale's influence on nursing theory?

    <p>Her classic education and upper-class life experiences (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT one of the canons of nursing?

    <p>Patient satisfaction measures (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of concepts are considered fundamental ingredients of nursing theory?

    <p>Abstract concepts like health, stress, and adaptation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Flashcards

    Science

    A method of organizing facts to create a coherent understanding.

    Theory

    A systematic explanation of how phenomena are interconnected.

    Hypothesis

    A proposed explanation that can be tested through research.

    Method

    The steps used to gather and analyze data in a research study.

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    Data

    The information collected during a research study.

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    Evaluation

    The process of interpreting and evaluating the results of research.

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    Nursing Science

    The body of knowledge and data specific to nursing practice.

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    Model

    A concept or set of concepts that explain and predict phenomena.

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    Conceptual Model

    A group of related concepts connected by a common theme, less structured than theories.

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    Grand Theory

    Wide-ranging theory that explains a large part of human experience.

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    Middle Range Theory

    Theory focused on a specific population or concept.

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    Concepts in Nursing Models

    Ideas essential to the practice of nursing, including health, person, environment, and nursing itself.

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    Canons of Nursing

    Florence Nightingale's core tenets for promoting health and guiding nursing practice.

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    Schematic Models

    The use of pictures or visual representations to clarify relationships between complex concepts.

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    Nursing Theory

    A set of interconnected concepts that guide nursing practice and research.

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    Language of Nursing Theory

    The language of nursing theory, including concepts, constructs, models, philosophies, and theories.

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    Peplau's Interpersonal Relations Model

    Highlights the nurse-client relationship. Focuses on the idea that the client's feelings can predict positive health outcomes.

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    Neuman's System Model

    Focuses on the client's response to stressors and uses different levels of prevention to maintain well-being.

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    Rogers' Science of Unitary Beings

    Views humans as energy fields interacting with the environment. Nurses help clients achieve harmony.

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    Orem's Self-Care Deficit Model

    Helps clients with self-care needs. Focuses on the difference between what clients can do for themselves and what they need help with.

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    Roy's Adaptation Model

    Assists clients in adapting to stressors to promote overall well-being. Focuses on the integration of clients with their environment.

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    Peplau's Theory - What role do the client's feelings play?

    Explores the nurse-client relationship. The client's feelings are seen as important predictors of positive health outcomes.

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    Neuman's System Model - What does the model emphasize?

    Focuses on the idea that everything in the environment can impact a client's well-being.

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    Rogers' Science of Unitary Beings - What is the model's view of humans?

    Views humans as energy fields that constantly change and adapt.

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    Madeline Leninger's Theory of Cultural Care Diversity and Universality

    This theory emphasizes the importance of understanding and respecting different cultures when providing nursing care.

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    Watson's Theory of Human Caring

    This theory focuses on the aspects of caring that are essential to healing and well-being.

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    Newman's Health as Expanding Consciousness

    This theory views health as an ongoing process of expanding consciousness and becoming more complex.

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    Mishel's Uncertainty of Illness

    This theory explores the impact of uncertainty in illness and how it can affect a person's physical and mental health.

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    What are the key concepts in Leninger's Theory of Cultural Care Diversity and Universality

    Leninger's theory recognizes that different cultures have different ways of understanding and practicing care. These differences are essential to providing culturally sensitive and effective nursing care.

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    What is Watson's theory of Human Caring all about?

    Watson's theory emphasizes the role of the nurse as a caring presence who fosters trust, empathy, and understanding in the healing process. The theory emphasizes the importance of nurse-patient relationships in promoting healing.

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    What is Newman's Health as Expanding Consciousness Theory about?

    Newman's theory challenges the traditional definition of health and views it as an ongoing process of growth and self-discovery. This theory emphasizes the unique experiences of individuals and aims to help them achieve their personal goals.

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    What is Mishel's Theory of Uncertainty in Illness about?

    Mishel's theory helps nurses understand the emotional distress associated with uncertainty in illness and provides a framework for supporting patients through this experience. It focuses on helping patients cope effectively.

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    Study Notes

    Chapter 5: Theories of Nursing Practice

    • Nursing science involves collecting data relevant to nursing practice, which aids in better client care
    • A theory is a group of related concepts that explain phenomena and predict future events
    • Scientific inquiry involves five steps: hypothesis, method, data collection, results, and evaluation
    • Criteria for theory acceptance include: inclusiveness, consistency, accuracy, relevance, fruitfulness, and simplicity
    • For a theory to be replicable and reliable for guiding nursing practice, other nurses should be able to duplicate the theory. This relates to the criterion of fruitfulness
    • Theories, models, and frameworks in nursing provide a systematic explanation of phenomena and their interconnectedness, involving at least two related concepts.
    • Conceptual models/frameworks are more loosely structured than theories. Concepts are assembled based on their relation to a common theme. The four basic concepts central to these models are: nursing, person, health, and environment.
    • Nursing theory guides research and practice. Concepts that form the basis of nursing theories, include: health, stress, and adaptation.
    • Schematic models represent concepts visually and clarify relationships between complex ideas (similar to blueprints for buildings)
    • Levels of theory vary in scope: Grand theory has a broad scope, describing and explaining the human experience, whereas Middle range theory has a narrower scope, sometimes specific to populations
    • Florence Nightingale's influences on nursing theory include classic education, upper-class life, religion and spirituality, and the era of reform in England.
    • The Canons of Nursing provide a foundation for health promotion, with components such as ventilation, noise, variety, diet, light, hopes & advice, and cleanliness
    • Peplau (1952) viewed interpersonal relationships as fundamental to nursing, focusing on the equilibrium of clients and identifying client feelings as predictors of health outcomes.
    • Betty Neuman (1970) focused on how client systems respond to environmental stressors, emphasizing the use of nursing prevention interventions for client wellness.
    • Rogers (1970) outlined that humans interact constantly as energy fields with their environment, emphasizing synchronicity between people and their environment.
    • Orem (1971) developed the Self-care Deficit Model, focusing on self-care, self-care deficits, and nursing systems in facilitating client self-care through appropriate interventions
    • Roy (1974) focused on the adaptation model, emphasizing how nurses assist clients by helping them adapt to and deal with stressors
    • Madeline Leninger (1977) introduced a theory of cultural care focussed on diversity, universality, worldview, and ethnohistory related to caring, health, and nursing
    • Watson (1978) stressed a theory of human caring, using transpersonal caring for healing, via altruism, sensitivity, trust, and interpersonal skills
    • Newman (1979, revised 1986) focused on health as expanding consciousness and increasing complexity and recognition of unique patterns of life to meet person's goals
    • Mishel (1981, revised 1997) centered the focus on uncertainty of illness and helping clients cope with stress/ uncertainty of diagnosed illnesses through various stimuli frames.
    • Future concerns for nursing theory and practice are related to health care issues in the 21st century including: uninsured populations, patient safety, nursing shortage, rising health care costs, technology, confidentiality issues, and advanced practice nursing.

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    Description

    This quiz covers the essential theories of nursing practice as outlined in Chapter 5. The content delves into the relevance of data collection, scientific inquiry, and the criteria for theory acceptance in nursing. It also explains the differences between theories, models, and frameworks, emphasizing their roles in guiding effective nursing care.

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