Nursing Practice Midterms: RA 9173 Overview
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Questions and Answers

Patients have the right to refuse medical treatment that may be contrary to their religious beliefs.

True

What is the primary focus of community health nursing?

Promotion of health and prevention of diseases.

What must a patient do if they want to be involved in medical research?

  • Ignore the request
  • Participate without consent
  • Only discuss the research
  • Provide written informed consent (correct)

    • Who has the right to be informed about the patient's medical condition?

    <p>The patient or their legal guardian.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of a nurse anesthetist?

    <p>Administers anesthesia under the supervision of a physician.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one right patients have regarding their medical records?

    <p>They can view their medical records with the attending physician</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A patient has the right to refuse __________ treatment for their religious beliefs.

    <p>medical</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What must a health care institution do upon a patient's request for a medical certificate?

    <p>Issue a medical certificate free of charge.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Patients can leave the hospital regardless of their financial obligations.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should the health care institution ensure regarding medical records?

    <p>Confidentiality and integrity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who may a patient communicate with while in a health care institution?

    <p>Relatives and other persons.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a risk nursing diagnosis?

    <p>A clinical judgment indicating that a problem does not exist, but the presence of risk factors suggests a problem may develop unless nurses intervene.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a wellness diagnosis describe?

    <p>Human responses to a level of wellness in individuals, families, or communities that have a readiness for enhancement.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a possible nursing diagnosis?

    <p>A diagnosis where evidence about a health problem is incomplete or unclear.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a syndrome diagnosis?

    <p>A diagnosis associated with a cluster of other diagnoses.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are defining characteristics in nursing diagnosis?

    <p>Clusters of signs and symptoms indicating the presence of a particular diagnostic label.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the three steps in the diagnostic process?

    <p>Analyzing data, identifying health problems, risks and strengths.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a health risk assessment (HRA) include?

    <p>An extended questionnaire, risk calculation, and feedback.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are common elements captured in a health risk assessment?

    <p>Demographic characteristics, lifestyle, personal and family medical history, physiological data, and attitudes towards change.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A nursing diagnosis is a _____ to clarify what the diagnosis means.

    <p>label</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of etiology in nursing diagnoses?

    <p>To identify the causes or factors leading to the problem.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are symptoms in the context of nursing diagnoses?

    <p>Abnormal data items discovered during assessment that indicate the existence of a nursing problem.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does adaptability in communication require from the nurse?

    <p>Astute assessment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Credibility means trustworthiness and reliability.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does humor play in nurse-client relationships?

    <p>Humor can help clients adjust to difficult and painful situations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Nonverbal communication is sometimes called __________.

    <p>body language</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does personal appearance indicate about a person?

    <p>It can indicate how a person feels.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT an indicator of a person's mood or health?

    <p>Eye color</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does attentive listening require?

    <p>Energy and concentration.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When using open-ended questions, the question should specify only the __________.

    <p>topic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of information should not be communicated via email?

    <p>Urgent information or highly confidential information.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one disadvantage of using email for communication?

    <p>Risk to client confidentiality.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the technique of 'restating or paraphrasing' involve?

    <p>Repeating the client's basic message in similar words.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the Philippine Nursing Act of 2002?

    <p>An act providing for a more responsive nursing profession.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the scope of nursing practice include?

    <p>Nursing care during conception, labor, delivery, infancy, childhood, adolescence, adulthood, and old age.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Nurses are required to maintain competence through continual learning.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a basic principle of the Code of Ethics for Nurses?

    <p>Negligence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The principle of ______ refers to fairness in health care.

    <p>justice</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the four elements of malpractice?

    <p>Duty, Breach of Duty, Injury, Causation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does 'Informed Consent' ensure?

    <p>The patient is aware of the risks of a procedure.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A patient can be subjected to a procedure without their consent in an emergency.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following legal concepts with their definitions:

    <p>Duty = The legal obligation to provide care. Breach of Duty = Failure to meet the standard of care. Injury = Harm caused to the patient. Causation = Linking the breach of duty to the injury.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does 'Acknowledging' involve?

    <p>Giving recognition, in a non-judgmental way, of a change in behavior or a contribution.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is meant by 'Clarifying time and sequence'?

    <p>Helping the client clarify an event or situation in relation to time.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of 'Presenting reality'?

    <p>Helping the client to differentiate the real from the unreal.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does 'Focusing' help the client do?

    <p>Expand on and develop a topic of importance.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is 'Reflecting' in communication?

    <p>Directing ideas, feelings, or questions back to clients.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does 'Summarizing and planning' involve?

    <p>Stating the main points of a discussion to clarify the relevant points.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a reason to use touch in nursing?

    <p>To avoid communication</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A translator should be of the opposite sex to the patient.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is critical thinking in nursing?

    <p>A discipline-specific, reflective reasoning process guiding a nurse in care approaches.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of assessment in nursing?

    <p>To collect data to determine a client's health status and coping patterns.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is subjective data in nursing assessment?

    <p>The client's verbal description of their health problems.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does 'Problem-focused assessment' aim to determine?

    <p>The status of a specific problem identified in an earlier assessment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the first step in establishing a client's assessment database?

    <p>Collecting subjective information by interviewing the client.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Nursing diagnosis includes only actual diagnoses.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Scope of Nursing Practice

    • Philippine Nursing Act of 2002 (RA 9173) repeals the Philippine Nursing Act of 1991 to modernize the nursing profession.
    • Nursing practice encompasses care across all life stages: conception, labor, infancy, childhood, adolescence, adulthood, and old age.
    • Nurses are responsible for promoting health, preventing illness, and providing comprehensive care including curative, preventive, and rehabilitative services.
    • Responsibilities of nurses include:
      • Utilizing the nursing process for care.
      • Coordinating with community resources and health teams.
      • Providing health education.
      • Supervising nursing students and offering consultation services.
      • Engaging in training, research, and the development of advanced nursing practices.

    Code of Ethics for Nurses

    • Advocacy: Support and protect clients’ health, safety, and rights.
    • Responsibility: Commitment to meet obligations and follow through on promises.
    • Accountability: Nurses must answer for their actions and professional judgments.
    • Confidentiality: Protect clients' personal health information while ensuring access to quality care.
    • Understanding laws governing nursing ensures consistency with legal principles and protects nurses from liability.
    • Functions of the Law:
      • Defines legal nursing actions.
      • Differentiates responsibilities between nurses and other health professionals.
      • Establishes nursing practice boundaries and standards.

    Torts in Nursing Practice

    • Torts: Civil wrongs causing injury or harm.
      • Intentional Torts: Willful acts violating others' rights (e.g., assault, battery, false imprisonment).
      • Quasi-Intentional Torts: Lack of intent but involve harm (e.g., invasion of privacy, defamation).
      • Unintentional Torts (Negligence): Actions falling below the standard of care, leading to malpractice.

    Elements of Malpractice

    • Duty: Obligation to provide competent care.
    • Breach of Duty: Failing to meet the standard of care.
    • Injury: Establishing tangible harm or damage.
    • Causation: Proving the nurse's actions directly caused the injury.
    • Consent: Required for all medical treatments, particularly invasive procedures. Special considerations for those unable to consent.
    • Informed Consent: Clients must be fully informed about risks, benefits, and alternatives before agreeing to procedures.

    Good Samaritan Law

    • Protects nurses providing emergency assistance outside clinical settings from liability, encouraging timely care during accidents.

    Ethics in Healthcare

    • Ethics focuses on conduct and character standards that surpass personal preferences, particularly important in decision-making within nursing practice.
    • Key ethical principles include:
      • Autonomy: Respect for clients’ decisions in their care.
      • Beneficence: Commitment to act in the best interests of clients.
      • Nonmaleficence: Obligation to avoid causing harm.
      • Justice: Striving for fairness in healthcare delivery.
      • Fidelity: Adhering to commitments and promises to patients.

    Patients' Rights in the Philippines

    • Right to Appropriate Care: Access to quality healthcare without discrimination, respecting cultural needs and ensuring humane treatment.
    • Right to Informed Consent: Clear and substantial information about proposed procedures must be provided. Consent is required unless in emergencies or specific legal circumstances.
    • Right to Privacy and Confidentiality: Patients are entitled to privacy and protection of their health information, with limited disclosures permitted under specific legal conditions.### Right to Information
    • Patients or their legal guardians have the right to receive detailed information about their illness, treatment options, potential complications, and costs.
    • Patients are entitled to an itemized bill for all medical services, with a thorough explanation of each charge.
    • Following discharge, patients should be informed of ongoing healthcare requirements, including home medications and lifestyle changes.
    • A written summary of the patient's illness, treatment history, and future care plan must be provided at discharge.
    • Patients can access their medical records with a physician's presence and may request reproductions at their expense, regardless of their financial status.
    • Patients have the right to receive a medical certificate for previous confinements at no charge.

    Right to Choose Health Care Provider and Facility

    • Patients have the freedom to select their healthcare provider and facility unless specified conditions apply.
    • Patients can seek consultations and second opinions at their request and expense.

    Right to Self-Determination

    • Patients can make informed decisions regarding diagnostic and treatment procedures.
    • Legal adults can create advance directives for their care at the end of life, provided they understand the implications.

    Right to Religious Belief

    • Patients can refuse medical treatment that conflicts with their religious beliefs, with certain restrictions for minors during life-threatening situations.

    Right to Medical Records

    • Patients have a right to review their medical history and obtain copies of their records, excluding sensitive information.
    • Healthcare institutions must maintain confidentiality of medical records and ensure integrity and accessibility.

    Right to Leave

    • Patients can leave healthcare facilities regardless of their financial obligations, provided arrangements for unpaid bills are made.
    • Unpaid bills do not justify retention of patients against their will.

    Right to Refuse Participation in Medical Research

    • Patients must be informed before involvement in research and give written consent, in compliance with ethical guidelines.

    Right to Correspondence and to Receive Visitors

    • Patients may communicate with family members and receive visitors, subject to facility regulations.

    Right to Express Grievances

    • Patients are entitled to lodge complaints regarding care received without fear of repercussions, with a system in place for addressing grievances.

    Right to be Informed of His Rights and Obligations as a Patient

    • The Department of Health is responsible for educating patients about their rights and obligations, which should be clearly posted in healthcare institutions.

    Different Fields of Nursing

    Institutional Nursing

    • Involves care in hospitals and related health facilities, focusing on comprehensive patient and family health needs.

    Community Health Nursing

    • Prioritizes health promotion and disease prevention, reflective of national health policies.

    Nursing in Education

    • Educational roles in nursing vary from clinical instructor to dean, requiring advanced degrees and relevant experience.

    Specialized Nursing Roles

    • Nurse Practitioner: Advanced education and certification focused on primary care and management of acute or chronic illnesses.
    • Clinical Nurse Specialist: Expert nurses providing direct care, education, research, and management.
    • Nurse Anesthetist: Specializes in anesthesia care in surgical settings, under physician supervision.
    • Nurse Midwife: Provides prenatal and postnatal care, manages normal deliveries, and conducts routine health exams.
    • Nurse Researcher: Focuses on nursing research to enhance care practices, often requiring doctoral education.
    • Nurse Administrator: Manages client care and nursing services, often in leadership roles requiring advanced degrees.
    • Nurse Entrepreneur: Manages healthcare-related businesses, often with advanced education in nursing.

    Communication Skills

    Effective Communication

    • Vital for collecting data, initiating interventions, and avoiding legal issues in nursing practice.

    Components of Communication

    • Sender: The source of the message.
    • Message: Content conveyed, including verbal and nonverbal aspects.
    • Receiver: Listener who decodes the message.
    • Response: Feedback returned to the sender.

    Modes of Communication

    • Verbal Communication: Involves spoken or written words, requiring clarity, simplicity, and adaptability.
    • Nonverbal Communication: Encompasses body language, posture, facial expressions, and gestures to convey messages.
    • Electronic Communication: Primarily via email, offering quick communication but posing risks to client confidentiality.

    Advantages and Disadvantages of Electronic Communication

    • Advantages: Fast, efficient, and provides a record of communication.
    • Disadvantages: Risks to confidentiality, socioeconomic barriers to access, and the need for alternative communication methods for some clients.### When Not to Use Email
    • Avoid email for urgent information critical to a client's health requiring immediate attention.
    • Highly confidential information, such as HIV status or mental health issues, should not be communicated via email.
    • Situations involving abnormal lab results necessitate direct communication rather than email.

    Purpose of Therapeutic Communication

    • Establish a therapeutic relationship between provider and client to foster trust and openness.
    • Identify the client’s concerns and underlying problems through effective dialogue.
    • Assess how clients perceive their problems to address their unique viewpoints.
    • Recognize and address the needs of clients seeking support.
    • Guide clients toward acceptable solutions that contribute to their satisfaction and well-being.

    Attentive Listening

    • Involves active listening with full sensory engagement, not just auditory.
    • Requires focus, energy, and concentration to grasp both verbal and nonverbal messages.
    • Emphasizes understanding the full context and emotional content of the message, free of selective listening.
    • Conveys caring and interest, motivating clients to express themselves.

    Techniques in Therapeutic Communication

    • Using Silence: Embraces pauses, allowing clients to gather thoughts without pressure.
    • Providing General Leads: Encourages clients to verbalize thoughts or initiate topics of conversation.
    • Being Specific and Tentative: Focuses on detailed and cautious statements to avoid assumptions.
    • Using Open-ended Questions: Invites detailed responses to facilitate exploration of clients' feelings.
    • Using Touch: Appropriately employs tactile connections to express care, considering individual and cultural differences.
    • Restating or Paraphrasing: Reflects clients’ thoughts in similar terms to confirm understanding.
    • Seeking Clarification: Helps clients articulate their thoughts and feelings more clearly when communication is unclear.
    • Perception Checking: Confirms specific meanings within the conversation for accurate understanding.
    • Offering Self: Shows presence and willingness to engage without imposing demands on the client.
    • Giving Information: Presents factual information simply and clearly to address client inquiries.
    • Acknowledging: Recognizes client efforts or changes in behavior in a non-judgmental way.
    • Clarifying Time and Sequence: Assists clients in situating events or feelings in relation to time.
    • Presenting Reality: Helps clients distinguish between what is real and what is perceived.
    • Focusing: Directs attention to important issues while allowing clients to express themselves fully.
    • Reflecting: Encourages clients to explore their own thoughts and feelings regarding situations.
    • Summarizing and Planning: Recaps key points of discussion to clarify and reinforce understanding for future planning.

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    FUNDA-ims-MIDTERMS (2).docx

    Description

    Test your knowledge on the fundamentals of nursing practice with a focus on the Philippine Nursing Act of 2002 (RA 9173). This quiz covers essential aspects of the law and its implications for the nursing profession. Perfect for students in the College of Nursing at Isabela State University preparing for their midterms.

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