Nursing Pharmacology Quiz
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is a common adverse effect of Lisinopril?

  • Increased appetite
  • Night sweats
  • Persistent dry cough at night (correct)
  • Hearing loss

What is the recommended alternative if a patient experiences a persistent dry cough while on Lisinopril?

  • Increase dosage of Lisinopril
  • Switch to ARBs (correct)
  • Switch to NSAIDs
  • Continue Lisinopril and monitor

Which of the following is considered a potential salt substitute in a sodium-restricted diet?

  • Sugar
  • Vinegar
  • Butter
  • Garlic (correct)

Which symptom is NOT associated with a Transient Ischemic Attack (TIA)?

<p>Symptoms lasting longer than 24 hours (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is NOT a symptom of recurring ear infections (otitis media)?

<p>Ringing in the ears (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct sequence of symptoms described by the acronym 'CAUTION' used for cancer warning signs?

<p>Change in bowel/bladder habits, a sore that does not heal, obvious change in a wart or mole (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common adverse effect of antibiotics classified as 'mycins'?

<p>Stevens-Johnson syndrome (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does a PAP test primarily screen for?

<p>Cervical cancer (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should a nurse do first when an intravenous vesicant cancer drug has extravasated?

<p>Stop the IV and notify the charge nurse (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

At what CD4 level is a patient classified in the chronic stage of HIV infection?

<p>500 or below (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes a TIA compared to a CVA?

<p>It results in symptoms that resolve completely. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a key feature of a hemorrhagic stroke?

<p>Spillage of blood onto brain tissue. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of Coumadin/Warfarin in stroke prevention?

<p>To prevent the development of new clots and growth of existing clots. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement accurately describes a 'complete stroke'?

<p>It involves the acute phase followed by a rehabilitation phase. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which area of the brain is primarily responsible for functioning related to understanding language?

<p>Wernicke's area. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following symptoms is most commonly associated with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE)?

<p>Butterfly rash on the nose (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the threshold for a low white blood cell (WBC) count, indicating potential health issues?

<p>Under 4,000 cells/mm³ (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of glaucoma is characterized by rapid onset of symptoms and is considered an acute medical emergency?

<p>Closed-angle glaucoma (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Gentamicin sulfate is primarily used for treating what type of infections?

<p>Bacterial infections (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What symptom is NOT typically associated with cataracts?

<p>Increased intraocular pressure (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What dietary change is most likely to reduce the risk of developing diverticulosis in an aged man?

<p>Increase consumption of whole grains (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When considering postoperative care for a patient who has undergone an abdominoperineal resection, which position should the nurse encourage if the patient experiences pain?

<p>Left Sims position (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which method is the most effective way for a nurse to monitor for ascites in a patient with liver disease?

<p>Daily weight and measuring abdominal girth (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which nursing intervention is critical to implement to prevent complications associated with extended bed rest?

<p>Turn, cough, and deep breathe every two hours (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of hepatitis requires the presence of Hepatitis B to be transmitted?

<p>Hepatitis D (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which diuretic type is primarily used as a first-line treatment for hypertension?

<p>Loop Diuretics (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What dietary change can help manage the hypokalemia caused by Loop Diuretics?

<p>Consume foods rich in potassium (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What serious condition is a potential adverse effect of Beta-Adrenergic Blockers that may require management?

<p>Hypoglycemia (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a significant dietary restriction associated with taking Verapamil?

<p>Avoid grapefruit (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following alternatives is suggested if a patient on Lisinopril experiences a persistent dry cough?

<p>Transition to Angiotensin Receptor Blockers (ARBs) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a distinguishing characteristic of arterial insufficiency in PVD?

<p>Pain while walking that resolves with rest (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of aphasia allows a person to speak but produces nonsensical speech?

<p>Receptive aphasia (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason hyperglycemia occurs in patients with CVA?

<p>Sympathetic nervous system activation leading to cortisol release (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of venous insufficiency, which symptom is typically associated with this condition?

<p>Stasis dermatitis with brown skin discoloration (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key nursing consideration for a patient recovering from CVA related to rehabilitation?

<p>Educate on the need to change positions every 2 hours (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should be monitored closely during IV administration of Gentamicin Sulfate due to its potential adverse effects?

<p>Patient hydration status (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which dietary change is recommended for a patient with Meniere's Disease?

<p>Low-sodium diet (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the medical term used for the procedure involving the placement of tympanic membrane tubes?

<p>Myringotomy (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which condition is characterized by the accumulation of cell formations near the eardrum, potentially impacting hearing?

<p>Cholesteatomas (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the blood pressure reading that qualifies as hypertension for diagnosis?

<p>140/90 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an appropriate action for a patient with arterial embolism during their recovery phase?

<p>Report any increase in pain or numbness to a healthcare provider. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key dietary recommendation for someone experiencing dysphagia?

<p>Tuck the chin to the chest while swallowing. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a primary goal of creating a bowel regimen?

<p>Establish regular bowel movement patterns. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What symptom might indicate dehydration in a patient experiencing severe diarrhea?

<p>Hypotension. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a significant contraindication for the use of ginger in patient care?

<p>It may interfere with anticoagulants. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary nursing consideration immediately after a stroke?

<p>Ensuring oxygenation and airway management (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What significant detail about the administration of TPA for stroke treatment must be remembered?

<p>Best administered between 3-4½ hours after stroke onset (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which nursing action is contraindicated for a patient who has experienced a hemorrhagic stroke?

<p>Assist with coughing exercises (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which outcome is most appropriate for evaluating a patient with inadequate nutrition due to dysphagia?

<p>Weight stabilization between 150-155 lbs (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What nursing intervention can effectively promote joint mobility in an immobilized patient?

<p>Utilizing supportive cushions for better positioning (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Lisinopril's Side Effect

Lisinopril is an ACE inhibitor that can cause a persistent dry cough at night.

Managing Lisinopril Side Effects

When a patient experiences a persistent dry cough at night while taking Lisinopril, consider switching them to ARBs (Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers).

What is a TIA (Transient Ischemic Attack)?

Transient Ischemic Attack (TIA) is a temporary blockage of blood flow to the brain, causing neurological symptoms that usually resolve quickly. It's similar to a stroke, but the symptoms don't last as long.

TIA Symptoms

Common symptoms of a TIA include difficulty speaking (dysarthria), ringing in the ears (tinnitus), drooping eyelids (ptosis), and difficulty swallowing (dysphagia).

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Recurring Ear Infection Symptoms

Recurrent ear infections (otitis media) are characterized by pain, inflammation, redness, fluid build-up, impaired hearing, and discharge of pus (purulent fluid).

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What is a PAP test?

A screening test used to detect abnormal cells in the cervix, aiding in early diagnosis of cervical cancer.

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What are 'mycins'?

A group of powerful antibiotics effective against resistant bacteria, known for their potential side effects like Stevens-Johnson syndrome and rapid heart rate.

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What does reverse transcriptase transcribe?

The process of converting HIV's genetic material (RNA) into DNA using the enzyme reverse transcriptase.

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What is Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE)?

A chronic autoimmune disease characterized by an overactive immune system that attacks healthy tissues.

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What does the acronym "CAUTION" stand for?

A set of warning signs that may indicate the presence of cancer.

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What is a TIA?

A temporary interruption of blood flow to the brain, causing stroke-like symptoms that resolve completely without permanent damage.

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What's a hemorrhagic stroke?

A stroke caused by bleeding into the brain tissue from a ruptured blood vessel.

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What is a lacunar stroke?

A stroke involving small arteries deep within the brain, causing less severe damage compared to other strokes.

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What is a complete stroke?

A stroke with significant damage that does not resolve, unlike a TIA.

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What is the rehabilitation phase after a stroke?

A stage after a stroke where vital signs are stable and the focus is on recovery and learning to adapt to any lasting impairments.

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What are Neutrophils?

A type of white blood cell that plays a crucial role in fighting bacterial infections. It is the most abundant type of white blood cell in the body.

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What is Leukopenia?

A condition characterized by a low white blood cell count, which can increase the risk of infections. It can be caused by various factors, including leukemia, chronic HIV infection.

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What is Pseudomonas aeruginosa?

A type of bacteria known for its association with leukemia patients and posing a significant threat to individuals with low white blood cell counts. This bacterium can cause severe infections.

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What are Cataracts?

A condition affecting the lens of the eye, resulting in cloudiness or blurriness of vision. It can also cause halos and glare around lights.

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What is Glaucoma?

A condition characterized by increased pressure within the eye, potentially leading to damage to the optic nerve and vision loss. It has two main subtypes: open-angle glaucoma and closed-angle glaucoma.

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What is an abdominoperineal resection?

A surgical procedure that removes the rectum and anus, usually performed to treat rectal cancer.

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What is one significant risk factor for the development of diverticulosis in an elderly man?

A low-fiber diet, as it can lead to constipation and potentially exacerbate the condition.

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How is ascites monitored?

It can be easily identified by measuring the abdomen's circumference at a specific daily marked spot and tracking any differences in daily weight.

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How is Hepatitis A transmitted?

Hepatitis A is transmitted through the fecal-oral route.

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How are Hepatitis B, C, and D transmitted?

Hepatitis B and C are transmitted through blood and bodily fluids, while hepatitis D requires a pre-existing HBV infection.

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What is Meniere's Disease?

A condition affecting the inner ear, causing episodes of vertigo (dizziness), resulting in a high risk for falls.

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What is a potential side effect of loop diuretics and how can it be managed?

Loop diuretics, like furosemide, lower blood pressure and can cause low potassium levels (hypokalemia).

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How can beta-blockers impact diabetes management?

Beta-blockers can lower blood sugar levels, potentially causing hypoglycemia, which is a concern for patients with diabetes.

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What is Presbycusis?

A hearing loss associated with aging, often accompanied by dry, flaky ear wax.

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What is a common side effect of Lisinopril and how can it be managed?

Lisinopril, an ACE inhibitor, can cause a persistent dry cough, especially at night. Switching to ARBs (angiotensin receptor blockers) is often effective in managing the cough.

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What is a Myringotomy?

A surgical procedure involving a small incision in the eardrum to insert a tiny tube, relieving pressure and improving hearing.

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What are Cholesteatomas?

Abnormal cell formations near the eardrum that can obstruct hearing by blocking the eardrum.

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Why should patients taking Verapamil avoid grapefruit?

Patients taking verapamil, a calcium-channel blocker, should avoid grapefruit as it can interact with the medication and increase its effects, potentially leading to dangerously low blood pressure.

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What BP reading signifies Hypertension?

A blood pressure reading of 140/90 or higher, indicating hypertension, requiring medical management.

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What are effective salt substitutes in a sodium-restricted diet?

Sodium-restricted diets may benefit from using potassium-rich foods, like garlic and onions, as natural salt substitutes to enhance taste and meet nutritional needs.

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What is a Transient Ischemic Attack (TIA)?

Caused by a temporary blockage of blood flow to the brain. Symptoms are similar to a stroke but resolve completely without permanent damage.

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How does the sympathetic nervous system contribute to hyperglycemia?

The body's natural response to stress. When activated, it releases cortisol, which elevates blood sugar levels.

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What is expressive aphasia?

A type of aphasia where a person can understand language but has difficulty speaking, usually caused by damage to the left side of the brain.

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Explain Raynaud's Syndrome.

A neurological condition involving loss of circulation, typically in the hands, feet, and nose, often triggered by cold weather. It can cause pain, numbness, and color changes.

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What is global aphasia?

A type of aphasia characterized by difficulty understanding language and speaking, affecting both comprehension and production.

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Homonymous Hemianopsia

A condition where the patient has limited vision in one half of their visual field, often occurring after a stroke. This can make it difficult for them to see objects on one side of their body.

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Nimodipine

A medication that prevents spasms in blood vessels, often given after a stroke to reduce the risk of further damage. It works by blocking the flow of calcium into the muscle cells of blood vessels.

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Ischemic Stroke

A type of stroke caused by a blood clot blocking an artery in the brain. Often treated with thrombolytics like TPA if administered within 3-4.5 hours of the stroke onset.

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Hemorrhagic Stroke

A type of stroke caused by bleeding into the brain tissue from a ruptured blood vessel.

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Risk for Pneumonia (related to decreased mobility)

A nursing diagnosis that describes a patient's risk of developing pneumonia due to their inability to cough productively after a stroke.

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What is arterial embolism?

Arterial embolism is a blockage of an artery by a blood clot or other material, causing a disruption in blood flow to the affected area. This can lead to pain, numbness, and other symptoms in the affected limb.

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What are the teaching points for a patient with arterial embolism?

Gradually increasing exercise helps improve circulation and strength in the affected limb, but avoiding pressure on the limb prevents further blockage and damage. Reporting any pain, numbness, or other symptoms to a healthcare provider allows for prompt intervention and management of the condition.

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How to avoid regurgitation?

Eating small meals helps prevent regurgitation, which is the backward flow of stomach contents into the esophagus. This can be uncomfortable and lead to other problems. Smaller meals are easier for the stomach to digest and move through the digestive system.

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What is the goal of bowel regimen?

Establishing regular bowel movement patterns is crucial for maintaining overall digestive health. This can help prevent constipation, which can be uncomfortable and lead to other problems.

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How to improve swallowing?

Tucking the chin to the chest while swallowing can help to open the airway and make swallowing easier. This is especially helpful for people with dysphagia, or difficulty swallowing.

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Study Notes

ACE Inhibitors

  • Adverse effects: Persistent dry cough at night
  • Switch patient to ARBs
  • Follow up visit

Review potential salt substitutes in a sodium restricted diet

  • Garlic, onion, things w/ potassium in it

Symptoms of TIA

  • [a] symptoms are the same, except TIA doesn't last.

  • S/S: dysarthria, tinnitus, potosis (drooping of eyelids), dysphagia (difficulty swallowing)

  • [b] hearing and vision questions on test not previously tested on.

  • [c] recurring ear infection (otitismedius), s/s: pain, inflammation, redness, fluid build up, loss of function, purulent fluid

  • [d] Said was important

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Description

Test your knowledge on common pharmacological effects, nursing interventions, and key concepts related to medication use in nursing practice. This quiz covers Lisinopril, antibiotics, and cancer warning signs among other essential topics for nursing professionals.

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