Nursing: Penicillins - Mechanism, Spectrum, Monitoring
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Questions and Answers

Which analogy best describes how a drug antagonist works against an antibiotic?

  • A key that unlocks the door to kill the bacteria
  • A light that illuminates the bacteria making it visible
  • A jamming device that blocks the lock preventing the antibiotic from working (correct)
  • A shield that protects the bacteria from the antibiotic

How are resistant strains of bacteria allowed to survive and dominate a population due to excessive antibiotic use?

  • By altering the structure of drug target molecules
  • By decreasing the resistance of the strains
  • By increasing the susceptibility of the strains
  • By killing susceptible strains and allowing resistant strains to survive (correct)

In the context of drug resistance, what role do random mutations play in bacterial survival?

  • Always lead to bacterial destruction
  • Occasionally provide advantages leading to survival (correct)
  • Decrease bacterial survival rates
  • Have no impact on bacterial survival

What is a common method through which bacteria can cause drug inactivation?

<p>Breaking down the antibiotic or rendering it inactive like an enzyme digesting food (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why are infections acquired in healthcare settings often resistant to common antibiotics?

<p>As a result of frequent and excessive use of antibiotics in healthcare settings (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of antibiotics disrupt bacterial protein synthesis by inhibiting DNA synthesis?

<p>Fluoroquinolones (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following antibiotics is contraindicated for individuals under 18 years old?

<p>Ciprofloxacin (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which antibiotic can cause tendon rupture and phototoxicity as side effects?

<p>Ciprofloxacin (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which neurological disorder may result from the use of fluoroquinolones?

<p>Guillain-Barre syndrome (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which antibiotic class is reserved for serious systemic infections and can lead to superinfections like C.diff?

<p>Fluoroquinolones (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does a high level of lactate in the blood during a severe infection typically indicate?

<p>Metabolic stress due to impaired blood flow or inflammation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of antibiotic drugs, what does 'narrow spectrum' classification mean?

<p>Active against a few specific organisms (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which mechanism of action involves causing lethal inhibition of bacterial protein synthesis?

<p>Cause lethal inhibition of bacterial protein synthesis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do antimetabolites do in the context of inhibiting bacterial growth?

<p>Suppress viral replication (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism of action of penicillins?

<p>Inhibition of cell wall synthesis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of antibiotic classification is active against a wide variety of organisms?

<p>Broad spectrum (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common cause of drug allergy associated with penicillins?

<p>Anaphylaxis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is monitoring creatinine levels crucial during penicillin administration?

<p>To ensure proper kidney function (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which situations should penicillins be contraindicated?

<p>Renal impairment (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important to instruct patients to take the full prescribed treatment of penicillins?

<p>To prevent drug resistance (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which term best describes the mechanism of action of macrolides?

<p>Inhibit bacterial protein synthesis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common side effect associated with macrolides?

<p>Superinfections like C. Difficile (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which condition can result from QT prolongation, a side effect of macrolides?

<p>Torsades de pointes (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a significant contraindication for the use of macrolides?

<p>Congenital QT prolongation/arrhythmias (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important for healthcare providers to assess for a patient's history of heart disease before administering macrolides?

<p>Due to the risk of sudden cardiac death associated with macrolides (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the mechanism of action of tetracyclines?

<p>Suppress bacterial growth (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a common side effect of tetracyclines?

<p>Hair loss (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why might patients on warfarin need monitoring when taking doxycycline?

<p>Due to potential interactions affecting blood clotting (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why should individuals with pre-existing liver conditions monitor their liver function when taking doxycycline?

<p>Since doxycycline can rarely cause liver toxicity (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In patients with significant renal impairment, why is monitoring of kidney function important when using doxycycline?

<p>To ensure doxycycline doesn't accumulate to harmful levels (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does a bacteria acquire resistance by producing a drug antagonist?

<p>By decreasing the concentration at the drug site of action (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common mechanism through which bacteria resist antibiotics by altering the structure of drug target molecules?

<p>Causing drug inactivation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which bacterial resistance mechanism results in changing the structure of drug target molecules?

<p>Preventing the antibiotic from reaching its target site (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which resistance mechanism involves preventing the antibiotic from reaching its target site within the bacterial cell?

<p>Causing drug inactivation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which way does bacteria resist antibiotics by causing drug inactivation?

<p>By producing a drug antagonist (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does acquired resistance differ from innate resistance?

<p>Acquired resistance is passed on to progeny, while innate resistance is not. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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