Nursing: Penicillins - Mechanism, Spectrum, Monitoring

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Which analogy best describes how a drug antagonist works against an antibiotic?

A key that unlocks the door to kill the bacteria

A light that illuminates the bacteria making it visible

A jamming device that blocks the lock preventing the antibiotic from working (correct)

A shield that protects the bacteria from the antibiotic

How are resistant strains of bacteria allowed to survive and dominate a population due to excessive antibiotic use?

By altering the structure of drug target molecules

By decreasing the resistance of the strains

By increasing the susceptibility of the strains

By killing susceptible strains and allowing resistant strains to survive (correct)

In the context of drug resistance, what role do random mutations play in bacterial survival?

Always lead to bacterial destruction

Occasionally provide advantages leading to survival (correct)

Decrease bacterial survival rates

Have no impact on bacterial survival

What is a common method through which bacteria can cause drug inactivation?

Breaking down the antibiotic or rendering it inactive like an enzyme digesting food Signup and view all the answers

Why are infections acquired in healthcare settings often resistant to common antibiotics?

As a result of frequent and excessive use of antibiotics in healthcare settings Signup and view all the answers

Which type of antibiotics disrupt bacterial protein synthesis by inhibiting DNA synthesis?

Fluoroquinolones Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following antibiotics is contraindicated for individuals under 18 years old?

Ciprofloxacin Signup and view all the answers

Which antibiotic can cause tendon rupture and phototoxicity as side effects?

Ciprofloxacin Signup and view all the answers

Which neurological disorder may result from the use of fluoroquinolones?

Guillain-Barre syndrome Signup and view all the answers

Which antibiotic class is reserved for serious systemic infections and can lead to superinfections like C.diff?

Fluoroquinolones Signup and view all the answers

What does a high level of lactate in the blood during a severe infection typically indicate?

Metabolic stress due to impaired blood flow or inflammation Signup and view all the answers

In the context of antibiotic drugs, what does 'narrow spectrum' classification mean?

Active against a few specific organisms Signup and view all the answers

Which mechanism of action involves causing lethal inhibition of bacterial protein synthesis?

Cause lethal inhibition of bacterial protein synthesis Signup and view all the answers

What do antimetabolites do in the context of inhibiting bacterial growth?

Suppress viral replication Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism of action of penicillins?

Inhibition of cell wall synthesis Signup and view all the answers

Which type of antibiotic classification is active against a wide variety of organisms?

Broad spectrum Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common cause of drug allergy associated with penicillins?

Anaphylaxis Signup and view all the answers

Why is monitoring creatinine levels crucial during penicillin administration?

To ensure proper kidney function Signup and view all the answers

In which situations should penicillins be contraindicated?

Renal impairment Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important to instruct patients to take the full prescribed treatment of penicillins?

To prevent drug resistance Signup and view all the answers

Which term best describes the mechanism of action of macrolides?

Inhibit bacterial protein synthesis Signup and view all the answers

What is a common side effect associated with macrolides?

Superinfections like C. Difficile Signup and view all the answers

Which condition can result from QT prolongation, a side effect of macrolides?

Torsades de pointes Signup and view all the answers

What is a significant contraindication for the use of macrolides?

Congenital QT prolongation/arrhythmias Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important for healthcare providers to assess for a patient's history of heart disease before administering macrolides?

Due to the risk of sudden cardiac death associated with macrolides Signup and view all the answers

What is the mechanism of action of tetracyclines?

Suppress bacterial growth Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a common side effect of tetracyclines?

Hair loss Signup and view all the answers

Why might patients on warfarin need monitoring when taking doxycycline?

Due to potential interactions affecting blood clotting Signup and view all the answers

Why should individuals with pre-existing liver conditions monitor their liver function when taking doxycycline?

Since doxycycline can rarely cause liver toxicity Signup and view all the answers

In patients with significant renal impairment, why is monitoring of kidney function important when using doxycycline?

To ensure doxycycline doesn't accumulate to harmful levels Signup and view all the answers

How does a bacteria acquire resistance by producing a drug antagonist?

By decreasing the concentration at the drug site of action Signup and view all the answers

What is a common mechanism through which bacteria resist antibiotics by altering the structure of drug target molecules?

Causing drug inactivation Signup and view all the answers

Which bacterial resistance mechanism results in changing the structure of drug target molecules?

Preventing the antibiotic from reaching its target site Signup and view all the answers

Which resistance mechanism involves preventing the antibiotic from reaching its target site within the bacterial cell?