Nursing on Peptic Ulcers and Diabetes Management
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Questions and Answers

What is a side effect that patients should monitor and report when taking pancreatic enzymes?

  • Drowsiness
  • Abdominal cramping
  • Headache (correct)
  • Nausea

Patients should administer pancrelipase after taking antacids or receptor antagonists.

True (A)

What is the main cause of Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus?

Destruction of pancreatic beta cells leading to lack of insulin.

Monitor electrolytes and watch for signs of __________ and __________ in patients with hypovolemia.

<p>hypotension, tachycardia</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following nursing actions with their corresponding conditions:

<p>Monitor blood glucose = Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus Monitor for rupture and hemorrhage = Pancreatic Infection Monitor for hypoxia = Left Lung Effusion and Atelectasis Monitor coagulation studies = Coagulation Defects</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the most common area for a peptic ulcer?

<p>Duodenum (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Vomiting is a common symptom of peptic ulcer disease.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the primary risk factors associated with peptic ulcers?

<p>H. pylori infection, NSAID use, severe stress, familial tendency, hypersecretory states, excess alcohol consumption.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Pain from a duodenal ulcer typically occurs ________ after a meal.

<p>1.5 to 3 hours</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the types of ulcers with their characteristics:

<p>Gastric Ulcer = Pain occurs 30 to 60 min after a meal Duodenal Ulcer = Pain occurs 1.5 to 3 hr after a meal Stress Ulcer = Occurs from physiological stress events Curling's Ulcer = Seen in burn victims</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a method used to test for H. pylori?

<p>Barium swallow (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Metronidazole is used as a treatment option for H. pylori infection.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended fasting period before an esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD)?

<p>6 to 8 hours</p> Signup and view all the answers

The medication class that suppresses gastric acid secretion by blocking Hâ‚‚ receptors is known as __________.

<p>Histamine Receptor Antagonists</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following medications with their primary functions:

<p>Pantoprazole = Proton-pump inhibitor Amoxicillin = Antibiotic to eliminate H. pylori Cimetidine = Histamine receptor antagonist Metronidazole = Antibiotic to eliminate H. pylori</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which nursing action is important when a patient is receiving a proton-pump inhibitor?

<p>Take the medication prior to the main meal (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which medication is classified as a proton pump inhibitor?

<p>Esomeprazole (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Histamine antagonists increase gastric acid output by blocking histamine receptors.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should be monitored for in patients after a procedure involving upper endoscopy?

<p>Signs of perforation such as chest pain, fever, nausea, vomiting, and abdominal distention.</p> Signup and view all the answers

_____ should not be administered to patients with acute kidney injury or chronic kidney failure.

<p>Antacids</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following medications with their classifications:

<p>Omeprazole = Proton Pump Inhibitor Nizatidine = Histamine Antagonist Aluminum hydroxide = Antacid Famotidine = Histamine Antagonist</p> Signup and view all the answers

What surgical procedure involves removing the lower portion of the stomach?

<p>Antrectomy (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A vagotomy involves enlarging the opening between the stomach and small intestine.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of administering vitamin B12 supplements after a gastrectomy?

<p>Decreased absorption</p> Signup and view all the answers

The process of _____ is done to decrease gastric acid production by cutting the vagus nerve.

<p>vagotomy</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the medication with its effect:

<p>Aluminum Hydroxide = Causes constipation Magnesium Hydroxide = Causes diarrhea Aluminum and Magnesium Hydroxide = Neutralizes acid Bismuth Subsalicylate = May turn stools black</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following should be avoided after a gastrectomy?

<p>NSAIDs and aspirin (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What position should clients typically be placed in postoperatively to facilitate expansion?

<p>Semi-Fowler's position</p> Signup and view all the answers

Scant blood in nasogastric tube drainage is a normal finding within the first 12 to 24 hours post-surgery.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a risk factor for gastritis?

<p>Regular exercise (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Individuals with acute gastritis may experience rapid onset of symptoms.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary bacterial infection associated with gastritis?

<p>Helicobacter pylori</p> Signup and view all the answers

Chronic use of __________ can stop prostaglandin synthesis, increasing the risk of gastritis.

<p>NSAIDs</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the symptoms to their corresponding findings related to gastritis:

<p>Dyspepsia = General abdominal discomfort Hiccuping = Can last for several days Hematemesis = Bloody emesis Anorexia = Reduced appetite</p> Signup and view all the answers

What dietary recommendation should be followed to manage gastritis symptoms?

<p>Avoid spicy and fatty foods (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Pernicious anemia is not related to gastritis.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of test can be used to measure the presence of H. pylori?

<p>$^{13}$C urea breath test</p> Signup and view all the answers

Individuals with gastrointestinal bleeding should watch for indications such as __________.

<p>bloody stools</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a common physical assessment finding for gastritis?

<p>Nausea and vomiting (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most critical immediate intervention for a client experiencing perforation of a peptic ulcer?

<p>Providing oxygen support and maintaining blood pressure (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Pernicious anemia is caused by a deficiency of vitamin C.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common symptom reported by clients suffering from dumping syndrome?

<p>Dizziness</p> Signup and view all the answers

After a meal, clients experiencing dumping syndrome should limit their ______ intake to avoid complications.

<p>fluid</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following manifestations to their corresponding conditions:

<p>Pallor and weakness = Dumping Syndrome Fatigue and glossitis = Pernicious Anemia Severe abdominal pain = Perforation/Hemorrhage Nausea after eating = Pyloric Obstruction</p> Signup and view all the answers

What can be an early manifestation of dumping syndrome?

<p>Diarrhea (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Daily vitamin B12 supplements are sufficient for managing pernicious anemia.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should patients with pyloric obstruction expect to feel after eating?

<p>Nausea and fullness</p> Signup and view all the answers

Pyloric obstruction can lead to emesis consisting of ______ food due to delayed gastric emptying.

<p>undigested</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following nursing actions is NOT indicated for managing a perforation emergency?

<p>Encouraging oral intake (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Hypovolemia with Pancreatitis

The condition where the body's fluid volume is decreased, often due to a leak of fluid into the retroperitoneal space caused by damaged pancreatic ducts.

Pancreatic Infection

Inflammation of the pancreas caused by leakage of fluid from damaged pancreatic ducts, often leading to fever, epigastric mass, nausea, vomiting, and jaundice.

Pancreaticojejunostomy (Roux-en-Y)

A procedure that reroutes pancreatic secretions into the jejunum (part of the small intestine), helping manage pancreatitis.

Proton Pump Inhibitors (PPIs)

The use of medications to inhibit the production of stomach acid, particularly Omeprazole (a proton pump inhibitor), which can be used in the management of pancreatitis.

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Coagulation Defects (Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation: DIC)

A serious condition that can develop due to the release of thromboplastic endotoxins during necrotizing hemorrhagic pancreatitis, leading to abnormal clotting.

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Peptic Ulcer

An erosion of the mucosal lining of the stomach, esophagus, or duodenum, most commonly in the duodenum.

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H. pylori Infection and Peptic Ulcers

Infection with the bacterium Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is a major cause of peptic ulcers.

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NSAIDs and Peptic Ulcers

Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and corticosteroids can irritate the stomach lining, increasing the risk of ulcers.

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Peptic Ulcer Pain

Peptic ulcers can cause pain in the upper abdomen, especially after meals or at night.

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Stress Ulcers

Stress ulcers are ulcers that develop rapidly due to severe physiological stress, such as burns, shock, or trauma.

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What is H. pylori?

A bacterial infection that can cause ulcers in the stomach and duodenum.

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What is a Urea Breath Test?

A test involving exhaling into a container after drinking a urea solution. If H. pylori is present, the urea breaks down and carbon dioxide is released.

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What are Histamine Receptor Antagonists?

These medications suppress the production of gastric acid by blocking H2 receptors in the stomach.

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What are Proton Pump Inhibitors?

These medications inhibit the enzyme responsible for producing gastric acid, effectively reducing acid secretion.

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What are antibiotics used for H. pylori?

These medications are important for treating H. pylori infections and include Metronidazole, Amoxicillin, Clarithromycin and Tetracycline.

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What is an Esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD)?

A diagnostic procedure involving a flexible tube with a camera that allows for visualization of the esophagus, stomach, and duodenum.

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Gastrectomy

A surgical procedure that removes all or part of the stomach to treat severe ulcers, bleeding, or obstruction. Different types exist, such as antrectomy or Billroth II, each focusing on specific stomach regions.

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Vagotomy

This procedure snips the vagus nerve, reducing stomach acid production. It's often done laparoscopically for quicker recovery.

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Pyloroplasty

This procedure widens the opening between the stomach and small intestine, speeding up food emptying.

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Post-gastrectomy Nutrition

Clients who have had a gastrectomy often need additional supplements to compensate for reduced nutrient absorption.

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Aluminum and Magnesium Hydroxide

A common medication for ulcers that helps neutralize stomach acid by acting directly within the gastrointestinal tract.

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Endoscopy (EGD)

This procedure uses a camera and instruments inserted through small incisions to directly view the esophagus, stomach, and duodenum.

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Post-EGD Vital Signs

After an EGD, continuous monitoring of vital signs is crucial to check for any complications related to the procedure.

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Bismuth Subsalicylate

This medication helps to relieve ulcer symptoms by coating the stomach lining and reducing inflammation.

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Upper Endoscopy

A flexible scope inserted through the mouth to visualize the esophagus, stomach, and duodenum. Allows for biopsy, cauterization, polyp removal, dilation, or diagnosis.

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Histamine Antagonists

A group of medications that reduce gastric acid output by blocking histamine receptors.

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Antacids

Medications that increase gastric pH and neutralize pepsin, improving mucosal protection. Often used in patients with gastritis.

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Gastritis

A condition characterized by inflammation of the stomach lining, often caused by H. pylori infection, NSAID use, or stress.

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Peptic Ulcer Perforation

A medical emergency where a peptic ulcer ruptures, causing severe abdominal pain, tenderness, and potential shock.

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Peptic Ulcer Hemorrhage

Bleeding from a peptic ulcer, presenting with vomiting blood (hematemesis) or black, tarry stools (melena) and potential shock symptoms.

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Pernicious Anemia

A condition resulting from a lack of intrinsic factor, essential for vitamin B12 absorption, causing symptoms like pale skin, tongue inflammation, exhaustion, and tingling sensations.

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Dumping Syndrome

A complication after stomach surgery (gastrectomy), resulting in a rapid emptying of stomach contents, causing various symptoms like nausea, sweating, and dizziness.

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Pyloric Obstruction

A condition where the pyloric valve at the stomach outlet is blocked, preventing stomach emptying, resulting in fullness, nausea, and vomiting.

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Reclining After Eating

Lying straight after a meal slows down digestion and helps prevent dumping syndrome.

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Fluid Restriction with Meals

Limit fluid intake with meals to prevent rapid stomach emptying and dumping syndrome.

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Eliminating Liquids During Meals

Avoid liquids with meals to prevent rapid stomach emptying and dumping syndrome.

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High-Protein, High-Fat Diet

Following a diet rich in protein and fats, with low fiber and moderate carbohydrate intake, can help manage dumping syndrome.

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Food Restrictions for Dumping Syndrome

Avoiding milk, sugary drinks, and some fruits helps reduce rapid sugar spikes and dumping syndrome.

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How are NSAIDs and Gastritis linked?

Frequent use of NSAIDs or corticosteroids can irritate the stomach lining, increasing the risk of gastritis.

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What does hematemesis signify?

The presence of blood in the vomit can indicate a more severe form of gastritis, potentially due to damage to the stomach lining causing bleeding.

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How can bile reflux cause gastritis?

Reflux of bile from the intestines into the stomach can contribute to gastritis.

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How does stress contribute to gastritis?

High levels of stress can affect the stomach lining, leading to inflammation and gastritis.

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What is dyspepsia?

A common symptom of gastritis often experienced as a burning sensation or discomfort in the upper abdomen.

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What is the urea breath test used for?

A common laboratory test used to diagnose gastritis caused by the bacteria H.pylori.

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Why are dietary changes important for gastritis?

Avoiding foods that cause irritation is a crucial part of managing gastritis.

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How can gastritis cause pernicious anemia?

Gastritis can lead to inflammation of the stomach lining, which can affect the production of the intrinsic factor, leading to pernicious anemia.

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Why is monitoring for gastrointestinal bleeding important in gastritis?

Regular monitoring for signs of gastrointestinal bleeding such as dark stools or blood in vomit is essential for managing gastritis.

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