Podcast
Questions and Answers
Assess speech comprehension by determining the patient’s ability to follow ______ and cooperate with your examination.
instructions
Short-term memory is commonly affected first in a patient with ______ disease.
neurologic
A patient with intact short-term memory can generally remember and repeat five to seven nonconsecutive ______ right away.
numbers
When assessing orientation, orientation to ______ is usually disrupted first.
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Disordered ______ patterns may indicate delirium or psychosis.
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Assess cognitive function by testing the patient’s ______, judgment, and insight.
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If a patient has difficulty with numerical computation, ask him to spell the word ______ backwards.
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Increasing speech difficulties may indicate deteriorating ______ status.
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The initial assessment suggests that the patient has an existing ______ problem.
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Mental status assessment begins when you talk to the patient during the health ______.
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Responses reveal clues about the patient's ______ and memory.
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The earliest and most sensitive indicator that neurologic status has changed is the patient's level of ______.
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The term ______ describes a patient who is drowsy but has delayed responses to verbal stimuli.
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For a patient who doesn't respond appropriately to stimuli and can't follow commands, they are described as being in a ______ state.
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Always start with a minimal ______ when trying to rouse a sleeping patient.
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The Glasgow Coma Scale offers an ______ way to assess the patient's level of consciousness.
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Assessment of ______ function helps evaluate structures like the cerebral cortex and the pyramidal pathways.
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The ______ tracts are responsible for carrying motor messages down the spinal cord.
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Lower motor neurons carry ______ impulses to the muscles for movement.
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Imaging studies such as ______ can help detect neurologic disorders.
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Magnetic resonance ______ is another diagnostic tool used to visualize blood vessels in cerebrovascular disease.
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Before a CT scan, it's important to confirm that the patient isn’t allergic to ______ or shellfish.
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______ scanning of the brain is used to detect conditions like hydrocephalus and tumors.
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Rehabilitation therapies are crucial for restoring ______ function after neurological impairments.
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Study Notes
Module 5: Nursing Care of Clients with Altered Perception
- Module covers nursing care for clients with neurological alterations
- Includes understanding the neurological system and nursing care of clients with altered perception
- Lesson 1 focuses on understanding the neurological system
- Lesson 2 covers nursing care for clients with altered perception, including traumatic brain injury, acute ischemic stroke, and traumatic spinal cord injury, assessment and management
- Learning outcomes include demonstrating safe, appropriate and holistic care using the nursing process, identifying client health needs via assessment and management, observing nursing care core values and standards, and identifying personal learning needs
- Supplementary materials include books, videos, and websites
- Module test at the end of the lessons
- Good luck and happy reading!
- Nurses are key professionals in global holistic patient care
- This module provides information on safely and competently caring for critically ill patients with altered perceptions and families
- The module is designed for students to build foundational knowledge before complex critical care nursing concepts.
Lesson 1: Understanding Neurological System
- Nervous system is an organ system that coordinates body functions, allowing adaptation to internal and external changes.
- Has three main parts: central nervous system, peripheral nervous system, and autonomic nervous system.
- Central Nervous System (CNS) includes brain and spinal cord, which collect, integrate, and interpret stimuli.
- Brain consists of cerebrum (cerebral cortex), brain stem, and cerebellum.
- Cerebrum controls thinking, reasoning, and motor activity.
- Cerebrum enclosed in three meninges (membrane layers).
- Cerebrum has four lobes and two hemispheres, each controlling specific functions. Brain stem connects cerebrum and cerebellum to spinal cord.
- Cerebellum coordinates muscle movement.
- Spinal cord is a primary pathway for nerve impulses between the peripheral areas of the body and the brain. It also contains the reflex arc.
- Peripheral nervous system includes peripheral and cranial nerves that transmit sensory stimuli from sensory receptors to the spinal cord.
- Autonomic nervous system regulates visceral organs and smooth and cardiac muscles. It has two parts (sympathetic and parasympathetic).
Lesson 2: Nursing Care of Clients with Altered Perception
- Traumatic brain injury (TBI) results from a blow or jolt to the head. Can be caused by a variety of factors, including falls, vehicle-related accidents, violence, sports injuries, explosive blasts, or other impact trauma.
- Different types of TBI exist, each having several possible causes.
- Mild TBI can cause temporary brain cell damage, whereas severe TBI causes permanent damage or mortality.
- TBI has physical, sensory and intellectual symptoms that can include headache, nausea or vomiting, fatigue, dizziness, loss of balance, sensitivity to light, sensory problems such as blurred vision or ringing in the ears.
- Symptoms of TBI can be experienced immediately or appear later. Symptoms of moderate or severe TBI might include loss of consciousness, repeated vomiting, seizures, inability to awaken from sleep.
- Clients with severe or life-threatening TBI can suffer from permanent damage or death if not treated correctly.
- Stroke occurs when impaired cerebral circulation in one or more blood vessels occurs in the brain.
- Stroke can damage or kill brain tissue.
- Causes include thrombosis of cerebral arteries, embolism or hemorrhage in the brain arteries.
- Risk factors include hypertension, diabetes, smoking, and family history of stroke.
- Neurologic assessment for stroke should assess various functions, including level of consciousness, speech, and sensation.
- Patients with stroke can present with sudden onset of hemiparesis, slurred or indistinct speech, blurred vision, or loss of consciousness.
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Description
This module focuses on nursing care for clients experiencing altered perception due to neurological conditions. It includes lessons on understanding the neurological system and specific care techniques for conditions such as traumatic brain injury and stroke. Enhance your nursing skills by mastering holistic assessment and management strategies.
