Engel Stages of Grief Quiz and Flashcards

Questions and Answers

What is the cornerstone of nursing practice according to the text?

Communication (correct)

Caring encounters

Empowering the client

Nursing presence

Who is responsible for encoding the message?

Listener

Sender (correct)

Receiver

Decoder

What is the outcome of effective communication in nursing?

Patient dissatisfaction

Inaccurate assessment

Therapeutic nurse-patient conflict

Patient safety, satisfaction, and positive health outcomes (correct)

What is the result of the receiver's interpretation of the message?

Decoding Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the response in communication?

To provide feedback Signup and view all the answers

What establishes a therapeutic nurse-patient relationship?

Communication Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the receiver in communication?

To listen, observe, and attend Signup and view all the answers

What is the importance of communication in nursing practice?

It ensures accurate assessment, planning, implementation, and evaluation Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of hospice care?

To facilitate a peaceful and dignified death Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between palliative care and hospice care?

Palliative care focuses on improving quality of life, while hospice care focuses on facilitating a peaceful death Signup and view all the answers

What is the focus of end-of-life care?

Care provided in the final weeks before death Signup and view all the answers

What is the definition of death?

The irreversible cessation of biological functions Signup and view all the answers

What type of knowledge in nursing focuses on laws and theories?

Empirical Knowing Signup and view all the answers

What type of knowledge in nursing focuses on the nurse's attitudes and behavior?

Personal Knowing Signup and view all the answers

What type of knowledge in nursing focuses on 'matters of obligation or what ought to be done'?

Ethical Knowing Signup and view all the answers

What type of knowledge in nursing is expressed through creativity and style?

Aesthetic Knowing Signup and view all the answers

What is loss in the context of death and grief?

A situation in which something valued is changed or no longer available Signup and view all the answers

What type of loss occurs when a person experiences a change in their body image?

Aspect of self loss Signup and view all the answers

What is the type of grief that occurs when a person is unable to acknowledge their loss to others?

Disenfranchised grief Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the grief that occurs before a death or loss?

Anticipatory grief Signup and view all the answers

What type of loss includes the loss of inanimate objects that have importance to a person?

External object loss Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the grief that occurs when a person loses a loved one or valued person through illness, divorce, separation, or death?

Loved one loss Signup and view all the answers

What type of loss includes the loss of a person's sense of security due to a change in their environment?

Familiar environment loss Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the grief that occurs when the lost object is not significantly important to the grieving person?

Abbreviated grief Signup and view all the answers

What can happen if you feel fine a lot of the time after a loss?

Your grief is being repressed Signup and view all the answers

What is characterized by feeling very upset even after a year has passed since the loss?

Prolonged grief Signup and view all the answers

What type of grief is experienced when one is very busy and hasn't slowed down since the loss?

Delayed grief Signup and view all the answers

What is the goal of the fourth stage of Engel's model of grief?

Resolving loss Signup and view all the answers

What is the second stage of Sanders' five phases of bereavement?

Awareness of Loss Signup and view all the answers

What is the third task of Worden's Grief Tasks Model?

Adjust to a new environment Signup and view all the answers

What is the first stage of Kubler-Ross' stages of dying?

Denial Signup and view all the answers

What is the goal of the 'R-elinquishing' stage of Rando's 'R' process model?

Letting go of the loss Signup and view all the answers

What is a key aspect of verbal communication?

Clarity and brevity Signup and view all the answers

What is a type of nonverbal communication?

Facial expression Signup and view all the answers

What can be a barrier to effective communication?

Language barriers Signup and view all the answers

What is a phase of the helping relationship?

Orientation phase Signup and view all the answers

What is a strategy to improve communication skills?

Active listening Signup and view all the answers

What can impair communication?

Language deficits Signup and view all the answers

What is the goal of teaching in the context of communication?

To produce learning Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of effective communication?

Credibility Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Loss, Grief, and Death

Loss refers to a situation where something valued is changed or no longer available.
Death is a significant loss, not only for the dying person but also for those who survive.

Types of Loss

Actual loss: a tangible loss that has occurred.
Perceived loss: a loss that is felt or perceived, but not necessarily tangible.
Psychological losses: losses related to one's mental or emotional well-being.
Anticipatory loss: a loss that is expected to occur in the future.
Situational losses: losses related to specific circumstances or events.
Developmental losses: losses related to changes in one's life stage or development.

Sources of Loss

Aspect of self: losing a part of oneself, such as a change in body image.
External objects: losing inanimate objects or animate objects that provide love and companionship.
Familiar environment: separating from a familiar environment or people who provide security.
Loss of life: the grief experienced by those left behind.
Loved ones: losing a loved one or valued person through illness, divorce, separation, or death.

Types of Grief

Abbreviated grief: a brief and less intense grief experience.
Anticipatory grief: grief that occurs before the loss.
Disenfranchised grief: grief that is not acknowledged or validated by others.
Complicated grief: a prolonged and intense grief experience.
Prolonged grief: grief that lasts longer than a year.
Absent grief: a lack of emotional response to a loss.
Delayed grief: grief that is delayed or put on hold.
Exaggerated (stuck) grief: a grief experience that is prolonged and intense.

Models of Grief

Engel's stages of grief: shock and disbelief, developing awareness, restitution, resolving loss, idealization, and outcome.
Sanders' five phases of bereavement: shock, awareness of loss, conservation/withdrawal, healing, and renewal.
Worden's grief tasks model: accept the loss, acknowledge the pain of the loss, adjust to a new environment, and reinvest in the reality of a new life.
Rando's "R" process model: recognizing, reacting, reminiscing, relinquishing, readjusting, and reminiscing.
Stroebe and Schut's dual process model: loss-oriented and restoration-oriented.
Bonanno's trajectories of bereavement: resilience, recovery, chronic dysfunction, and delayed grief.

Hospice and Palliative Care

Hospice care: focuses on support and care of the dying person and their family to facilitate a peaceful and dignified death.
Palliative care: an approach that improves the quality of life of clients and their families facing life-threatening illnesses.
End of life care: includes hospice and palliative care, and focuses on providing care in the final weeks before death.

Communication

Definition: the interchange of information between two or more people.
Importance: establishes a therapeutic nurse-patient relationship, ensures accurate assessment and planning, promotes patient safety and satisfaction, and enhances positive health outcomes.

Communication Process

Sender: the person or group sending the message.
Encoding: selecting specific signs or symbols to transmit the message.
Message: what is actually said or written.
Receiver: the listener, who must interpret the message.
Decoder: relating the message to the receiver's storehouse of knowledge and experience.
Response: the message returned to the sender.

Types of Communication

Verbal communication: uses words, pace, intonation, simplicity, clarity, and brevity.
Nonverbal communication: uses personal appearance, posture, facial expressions, and gestures.
Electronic communication: uses electronic media, such as email and electronic medical records.

Barriers to Communication

Language barriers: differences in language or dialect.
Environmental barriers: noise, distractions, or physical barriers.
Emotional barriers: emotional state or personal biases.
Technological barriers: limitations or difficulties with electronic communication.

Strategies to Improve Communication Skills

Active listening: focusing on the speaker and avoiding distractions.
Empathy and compassion: understanding and acknowledging the speaker's emotions.
Cultural sensitivity: being aware of cultural differences and nuances.
Clear and concise communication: using simple and straightforward language.

Impairments to Communication

Language deficits: difficulties with understanding or using language.
Sensory deficits: impairments to hearing, vision, or other senses.
Cognitive impairments: difficulties with thinking, memory, or problem-solving.
Structural deficits: physical limitations or impairments to communication.
Paralysis: physical inability to communicate.

Phases of the Helping Relationship

Pre-interaction phase: preparing for the interaction.
Introductory phase/orientation phase: establishing a rapport and setting goals.
Working phase: working together to achieve goals.
Termination phase: ending the helping relationship.

Teaching and Learning

Definition: teaching is a system of activities intended to produce learning.
Learning is represented by a change in behavior.

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Description

This quiz covers the types of loss, grief, and death in a clinical setting, including actual, perceived, psychological, anticipatory, and situational losses. Nurses may encounter these situations while interacting with dying clients and their families.

Nursing: Loss, Grief, and Death