Nursing Leadership and Management Theory - NCM 119
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Questions and Answers

What is the main finding of the Hawthorne Effect?

  • Productivity decreases when management is not attentive.
  • Attention from management does not influence worker productivity.
  • Productivity increases when workers receive special attention from management. (correct)
  • Employees only respond to changes in working conditions.

    • What did Follett believe about the relationship between managers and employees?

  • Employees should have more authority than managers.
  • Managers should dominate employees for efficiency.
  • Managers and employees should have a cooperative and interdependent relationship. (correct)
  • The roles of managers and employees are identical.

    • What did Max Weber argue was the virtue of bureaucracy?

  • It encourages unstructured management styles.
  • It creates confusion in applying general rules.
  • It prevents employee participation in decision making.
  • It makes management actions fair and predictable. (correct)

    • According to Mayo's research, what factor influences productivity aside from working conditions?

    <p>The presence of informal work groups.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Mayo recommend to enhance decision-making in the workplace?

    <p>More employee participation in decision making.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of Theory X management?

    <p>Managers believe employees require constant supervision.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do functional foremen have in the workplace?

    <p>To plan, prepare, and supervise the work.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement best contrasts the roles of managers and workers as per Follett's beliefs?

    <p>The roles are distinct but aim for shared responsibility.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What approach did Taylor suggest to replace the traditional 'rule of thumb' in work organization?

    <p>Scientific methods</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following describes the essence of Taylor's view on workers?

    <p>They are seen as 'economic animals' driven by financial incentives.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of Taylor's principles, what is meant by the impersonal nature of bureaucratic relationships?

    <p>Relationships follow strict rules and protocols.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What must be established for hiring and promoting workers according to Taylor's scientific personnel system?

    <p>Selection based on technical competence and abilities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of an organization chart as described in the provided content?

    <p>To depict an organization's structure and clarify roles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Taylor's principles, what should workers understand about their contributions?

    <p>They need to know how they fit into organizational productivity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What concept did Mary Parker Follett develop that relates to Taylor's work?

    <p>Participative decision-making and management</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the key components of an effective bureaucratic system according to Taylor?

    <p>Clear systems of procedures for work situations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do Theory Y managers believe about their workers?

    <p>Workers enjoy their work and are self-motivated.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary function of organizing in the management process?

    <p>Grouping activities to meet unit goals.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Chris Argyris, what effect does managerial domination have on employees?

    <p>It causes discouragement and passivity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is not typically included in staffing functions?

    <p>Performance appraisal.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What aspect of management does directing primarily focus on?

    <p>Motivating and leading personnel.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which management function is associated with accountability and legal control?

    <p>Controlling.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Henri Fayol aim to achieve with his management principles?

    <p>Promote order and efficiency.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does employee participation in decision-making promote, according to Argyris?

    <p>Flexibility and morale in the workforce.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Frederick W. Taylor propose about productivity in his theory of scientific management?

    <p>Workers should be taught the best way to perform tasks.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of bureaucracy as identified by Weber?

    <p>Lack of defined hierarchy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which principle of scientific management focuses on optimizing task methods?

    <p>One best way</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What key discipline does management science in nursing draw from, aside from business?

    <p>Psychology</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many overriding principles of scientific management are identified?

    <p>Four</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the principles of scientific management, which factor is crucial for optimizing productivity?

    <p>Standardization of work practices</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which period did the theory of scientific management primarily develop?

    <p>1900 - 1930</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What must exist for effective management according to the characteristics of bureaucracy?

    <p>Clear division of labor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Nursing Leadership and Management Theory

    • Management science integrates multiple disciplines including business psychology, sociology, and anthropology.
    • The complexity and variability of organizations require continuous adaptation of management theories.

    Scientific Management (1900-1930)

    • Frederick W. Taylor, referred to as the "father of scientific management," emphasized productivity through optimized task execution.
    • Taylor proposed that workers could be trained in the "one best way" to accomplish tasks, thereby improving efficiency.

    Principles of Scientific Management

    • Replace traditional "rule of thumb" approaches with scientific methods for task design.
    • Establish a scientific personnel system for hiring, training, and promotions based on technical competence.
    • Workers should understand their role within the organization, ensuring alignment with organizational goals.
    • Implementation of financial incentives based on production levels rather than hourly wages.

    Bureaucratic Organizations

    • Max Weber described bureaucracy as a method to apply general rules fairly and consistently within organizations.
    • Characteristics of bureaucracy include:
      • Clear division of labor.
      • Well-defined hierarchy of authority.
      • Impersonal rules governing interactions.
      • Established procedures for work situations.
      • Rights and duties of positions formally outlined.
      • Employment and promotion based on technical expertise.

    Participative Management

    • Mary Parker Follett advocated for participative decision-making, believing in shared authority between managers and employees.
    • Follett noted that both managers and workers could collaborate to find mutually satisfying solutions.

    Hawthorne Effect

    • Discovered by Elton Mayo, this phenomenon suggests that productivity increases when employees feel they are being observed or valued.
    • Mayo observed that informal social dynamics within workgroups significantly influence productivity, pointing to the need for greater employee input in decision-making.

    Theory X and Y

    • Theory X presumes employees are inherently lazy and require constant supervision.
    • Theory Y posits that employees are self-motivated and enjoy their work, fostering a more engaged workforce.

    Employee Participation

    • Chris Argyris emphasized that managerial dominance diminishes worker morale and productivity, advocating for organization flexibility and participation in decision-making.
    • Argyris highlighted the necessity of addressing individual self-esteem and autonomy to prevent employee disengagement.

    Management Functions Identified

    • Henri Fayol established key management functions: planning, organizing, commanding, coordinating, and controlling.
      • Planning involves setting goals, objectives, and strategies for short and long-term actions.
      • Organizing structures tasks and activities to align with organizational goals.
      • Staffing includes recruitment, orientation, scheduling, and teamwork facilitation.
      • Directing focuses on human resource management, motivation, and conflict resolution.
      • Controlling encompasses performance evaluations, accountability, and ethical oversight to maintain standards.

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    Description

    This quiz covers the key concepts of nursing leadership and management theories as taught in NCM 119 during the 1st semester at Holy Name University. Explore the historical development and evolution of these theories to enhance your understanding of nursing practices.

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