Nursing Lab Values and Diuretics

<p>Methylprednisolone (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Be strong and of good courage; do not be afraid, nor be dismayed. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Respiratory acidosis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Acidosis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Blood pressure (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To decrease surface tension within the alveoli (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Monitor oxygen and carbon dioxide levels and cause vasoconstriction during acidosis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Monitor O2 and CO2 levels (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Olfactory nerve damage (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Expiration (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Diaphragm and external intercostals (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A popping or bubbling sound suggesting the presence of fluid (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Confirming the return of the gag reflex before feeding (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>50% to 80%, indicating a need for caution (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Taking 2–3 deep breaths and then coughing (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>CRP/ESR (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Check oxygen saturation and pulse (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Nasal cannula (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Fluid volume deficit (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Increased CVP (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hydrochlorothiazide (Hydrodiuril) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Measure intake and output, daily weights (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>0.45% NaCl (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Increase the rate of breathing (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To retain fluids by kidney action (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Metabolic acidosis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Fluid volume excess with low serum sodium levels (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Administer slowly using an infusion pump (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Dilate the bronchial passages (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Dry cough with bloody mucus, high fever/chills (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>90% (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To act as an anti mucus agent (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>On their side (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Barrel chest and decreased breath sounds (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Extracting from chicken eggs (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Narrowing of airways (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To inhibit neutrophil elastase activity and protect the lung (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Pneumocystis Pneumonia (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Fluid volume excess is a condition characterized by an abnormal accumulation of fluid in the body, leading to an increase in the total body water. It can be caused by various factors, including heart failure, kidney disease, and liver disease.

Fluid volume deficit (FVD) is a condition that occurs when the body loses more fluids than it takes in, leading to a depletion of bodily fluids. It can be caused by dehydration, excessive sweating, vomiting, and diarrhea.

This value reflects the concentration of nitrogenous waste products in the blood, primarily urea. High BUN levels indicate increased nitrogenous waste in the blood, signifying potential problems like dehydration or kidney issues.

Creatinine is produced as a byproduct of muscle metabolism. A high creatinine level is often a sign of decreased kidney function and may signal kidney damage or failure.

Sodium is a major electrolyte found in the blood and plays a crucial role in maintaining fluid balance. High sodium levels can be a sign of dehydration.

Potassium (K+) is essential for proper nerve and muscle function, including heart rhythm regulation. High potassium levels could lead to heart problems like arrhythmias

Calcium (Ca) is vital for strong bones, muscle function, and nerve conduction. High calcium levels can be associated with underlying medical conditions.

Loop diuretics, such as furosemide, affect the ascending limb of the loop of Henle, a portion of the kidney responsible for reabsorbing essential electrolytes.

Thiazide diuretics, like hydrochlorothiazide, work in the distal convoluted tubule of the kidney to prevent the reabsorption of sodium and chloride.

Potassium-sparing diuretics, like spironolactone, work by blocking aldosterone, a hormone that promotes sodium reabsorption and potassium excretion.

The process of breathing in, which involves the contraction of the diaphragm and external intercostal muscles, expanding the lung volume and drawing in air.

The process of breathing out, which involves the relaxation of the diaphragm and the contraction of abdominal muscles, reducing lung volume and expelling air.

A high-pitched, noisy breathing sound caused by a blockage in the upper airway, often a medical emergency.

Rattling or crackling sounds heard in the lungs, usually caused by fluid in the alveoli.

A whistling sound heard in the lungs, usually caused by narrowing of the airways.

A test that measures the amount of air a person can exhale forcefully, used to assess lung function.

A medical procedure to directly visualize the airway using a flexible tube, often requiring sedation.

A breathing device that delivers oxygen to a patient through prongs placed in the nostrils.

The measurement of the acidity or alkalinity of blood, ranging from 7.35 to 7.45, with values below 7.35 indicating acidosis and values above 7.45 indicating alkalosis.

A type of electrolyte that plays a crucial role in maintaining the pH balance of blood and body fluids. It's measured in milliequivalents per liter (mEq/L).

The partial pressure of carbon dioxide in arterial blood, reflecting the amount of CO2 in the blood. Its normal range is 35 to 45 mm Hg.

The sensory organs located in the aorta and carotid arteries that detect changes in oxygen and carbon dioxide levels in the blood.

Specialized cells responsible for detecting changes in blood pressure and sending signals to the brain to adjust heart rate and blood vessel diameter.

Specialized cells sensitive to acidity (acidosis) in the blood and trigger vasoconstriction to help regulate blood flow.

The space between the visceral and parietal pleura surrounding the lungs, filled with a lubricating fluid that reduces friction during breathing.

The distensibility of the lungs, reflecting their ability to expand and contract with each breath.

A class of antibiotics that work by inhibiting bacterial cell wall synthesis. They are effective against a wide range of bacteria, including gram-positive and gram-negative organisms.

A class of antibiotics that work by inhibiting bacterial DNA synthesis. They are effective against a wide range of bacteria, including gram-positive and gram-negative organisms.

Medications that help open up the airways in the lungs by relaxing the muscles around the airways.

A type of bronchodilator that works by stimulating beta-2 receptors in the lungs, causing relaxation of the airway muscles.

A type of bronchodilator that works by blocking the action of acetylcholine, a neurotransmitter that constricts the airways.

A type of pneumonia that is acquired in the community, not a hospital setting.

A type of pneumonia that develops in a hospital setting, usually 48 hours or more after admission.

A type of hospital-acquired pneumonia that develops in a patient who is using a ventilator.

A serious lung infection caused by bacteria found in freshwater sources. It commonly affects the lungs and can be fatal.

A broad category of pneumonia that includes a variety of causes, often involving infections like Mycoplasma or viruses.

Pneumonia caused by a virus, with symptoms that resemble a cold or flu.

A severe lung infection that primarily occurs in individuals with weakened immune systems, especially those with HIV or AIDS.

Pneumonia caused by inhaling food, liquids, or vomit into the lungs.

A disorder characterized by repeated episodes of paused or shallow breathing during sleep. It can lead to daytime sleepiness and health complications.

A chronic lung disease that causes inflammation and narrowing of the airways, leading to difficulty breathing.