Nursing Knowledge Acquisition

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Questions and Answers

What is the definition of EBP according to the Institute of Medicine?

Patient values in making decisions about their care

Integration of best research evidence, clinical expertise, and patient values in making decisions about patient care (correct)

Research evidence in guiding patient care decisions

Clinical expertise in making decisions about patient care

What are the three key components of EBP?

Clinical expertise, research evidence, and hospital policies

Clinical expertise, patient values, and hospital policies

Research evidence, patient values, and hospital policies

Research evidence, clinical expertise, and patient values (correct)

What is the fifth step in the EBP process?

Intervene and implement the revised caregiving protocol

Plan a change in practice based on the evidence

Decide on the best course of action

Evaluate the outcome(s) of the EBP change (correct)

What is the purpose of the PICO model?

To assist in organizing and focusing a clinical question Signup and view all the answers

How many steps are involved in judging the evidence and determining the circumstances and patient values for guiding application?

5 Signup and view all the answers

What is the first step in the EBP process?

Assess practice and formulate a question Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of cultivating a spirit of inquiry along with an EBP culture and environment?

To initiate the EBP process Signup and view all the answers

What is the seventh step in the EBP process?

Disseminate the outcome(s) of the EBP change Signup and view all the answers

Nightingale's research emphasized the importance of which aspects of a healthy environment for patients?

Ventilation, cleanliness, purity of water, and healthy diet Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of the PICO model?

To design an answerable question Signup and view all the answers

In the PICO model, what does the 'I' component represent?

The therapeutic intervention Signup and view all the answers

What is the ultimate goal of research in nursing?

To generate knowledge to address gaps in the knowledge base for nursing practice Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of a study design in nursing research?

To maximize control over factors that interfere with the study Signup and view all the answers

What is the main goal of using the PICO model to formulate a clinical question?

To find relevant research studies Signup and view all the answers

In the PICO model, what does the 'C' component represent?

The comparison group or control Signup and view all the answers

Why is accuracy and consistency crucial during data collection?

To ensure the data is correct and truthful Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of statistical procedures in nursing research?

To examine the numerical data gathered in a study Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary advantage of using the PICO model to formulate a clinical question?

It provides a clear and concise question Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between the 'I' and 'C' components in the PICO model?

The 'I' component is the therapeutic intervention, while the 'C' component is the comparison group or control Signup and view all the answers

What is the goal of identifying the problem in nursing research?

To guide the development of research objectives and questions Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of a well-formulated PICO question?

For adults with moderate depression, is St. John's Wort more effective than antidepressants for symptom relief? Signup and view all the answers

What is the focus of nursing research in the 21st century?

Clinical research Signup and view all the answers

What is a major priority of nursing research?

To promote health and prevent disease Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary benefit of using the PICO model to design a clinical question?

It provides a clear and concise question that can be answered through research Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of using PICO format in clinical questions?

To develop a clinical question that guides the search for evidence Signup and view all the answers

In the PICO format, what does the 'C' component represent?

Comparison or intervention Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of using bibliographic databases?

To retrieve a list of citations related to a topic Signup and view all the answers

What is the main advantage of using electronic databases?

They allow for efficient searching and filtering of results Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of an abstract in a research article?

To provide a brief summary of the article, helping readers determine relevance Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of using the PICO format in the scenario provided?

To clarify a clinical question and guide the search for evidence Signup and view all the answers

What is the focus of the clinical question in Scenario #2?

The developmental outcomes of children exposed to cocaine in utero Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary benefit of using databases in searching for evidence?

They allow for efficient searching and filtering of results Signup and view all the answers

What is a limitation of traditional practices in nursing?

They may not be effective anymore Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic of inductive reasoning?

Moving from specific information to general principles Signup and view all the answers

What is a drawback of relying on personal experiences in nursing?

Individuals will encounter clinical situations they’ve never experienced before Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference between inductive and deductive reasoning?

Inductive reasoning moves from specific information to general principles, while deductive reasoning moves from general principles to specific situations Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of authority-based knowledge acquisition?

It relies on information provided by authorities Signup and view all the answers

What is a limitation of trial and error in nursing?

It is inefficient and unsystematic Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between intuition and personal experiences?

Intuition is closely related to personal experiences Signup and view all the answers

What is an example of deductive reasoning in nursing?

A nurse works from the general premise that surgical procedures cause trauma to tissue that in turn cause pain Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

EBP (Evidence-Based Practice)

EBP is the integration of best research evidence, clinical expertise, and patient values in making decisions about patient care.
Key components of EBP:
- Decisions based on research evidence, clinical expertise, and patient values and circumstances.
EBP process involves 5 steps:
- Assess practice (formulate question)
- Decide (evidence review)
- Plan (develop a plan based on findings)
- Intervene (take action to review process or change)
- Evaluate (care improved or modify and again intervene)

The Seven Steps of EBP

Cultivate a spirit of inquiry and an EBP culture and environment
Ask the PICO(T) question
Search for the best evidence
Critically appraise the evidence
Integrate the evidence with clinical expertise and patient preferences to make the best clinical decision
Evaluate the outcome(s) of the EBP change
Disseminate the outcome(s)

Designing an Answerable Question

A well-built clinical question should have 4 components: PICO (Population, Intervention, Comparison, and Outcome)
The PICO model helps organize and focus the question into a searchable query
PICO elements:
- P (Population/Patient/Problem): Who/age group/gender/health concern
- I (Intervention or Exposure): Therapeutic/diagnostic/preventive/health care management strategies
- C (Comparison of Interest): Comparison against intervention or more than one/no intervention
- O (Outcome of Interest): Desired outcome/patient affected or not affected by intervention

PICO Model Examples

Clinical scenario: For persons entering a health care facility, is hand rubbing with a waterless, alcohol-based solution as effective as standard hand washing with antiseptic soap for reducing hand contamination?
Another example: For adult patients with moderate depression, is St. John's Wort more effective for symptom relief than antidepressants?

Mechanisms Used to Acquire Knowledge

Traditional/Authority: Practices passed down from earlier nurses or taught in nursing programs
Personal experiences: Using similar, former experiences to aid decision-making
Trial and error: Trying several options until one works
Inductive reasoning: Moving from specific information to general principles
Deductive reasoning: Moving from general principles to specific situations

Nursing Research

Priorities of nursing research:
- Promote health
- Prevent disease
- Improve quality of life by managing symptoms of acute and chronic illness
- Enhance innovation in science and practice
- Eliminate disparities in access to care
Steps of nursing research:
- Identify the problem
- Pick the study design
- Conduct the study
- Analyze the data
- Use the findings

Clinical Scenarios

Clinical scenario #1: Managing moderate nausea and vomiting in patients receiving chemotherapy
Clinical question: Is the use of ginger as effective as Gravol in reducing moderate nausea and vomiting in patients receiving chemotherapy?
Clinical scenario #2: Developmental outcomes for school-aged children of mothers who used cocaine during pregnancy
Clinical question: Do school-aged children who were exposed to cocaine in utero have increased incidence of learning disabilities at age six years?

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Description

This quiz covers the different mechanisms used to acquire knowledge in the nursing profession, including traditional practices, personal experiences, and reasoning methods. It also explores the role of authority in sharing clinical practice information.