Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the primary goal of the orientation phase of an interview?
What is the primary goal of the orientation phase of an interview?
What type of data is obtained through physical examination?
What type of data is obtained through physical examination?
What is the purpose of open-ended questions in an interview?
What is the purpose of open-ended questions in an interview?
What is the primary goal of the termination phase of an interview?
What is the primary goal of the termination phase of an interview?
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What is the purpose of introducing oneself, role, and reason for being there in the working phase of an interview?
What is the purpose of introducing oneself, role, and reason for being there in the working phase of an interview?
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What type of interaction is a goal-directed interview?
What type of interaction is a goal-directed interview?
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What type of questions are typically used after a narrative and when specific facts are needed?
What type of questions are typically used after a narrative and when specific facts are needed?
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Which of the following is a communication pitfall?
Which of the following is a communication pitfall?
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What is an important aspect of nonverbal communication in healthcare?
What is an important aspect of nonverbal communication in healthcare?
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When measuring the weight of an infant, what additional measurements should be taken?
When measuring the weight of an infant, what additional measurements should be taken?
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What is an important consideration when communicating with a pregnant female?
What is an important consideration when communicating with a pregnant female?
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What is an important aspect of health literacy?
What is an important aspect of health literacy?
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What is the purpose of the 'teach back' technique in healthcare?
What is the purpose of the 'teach back' technique in healthcare?
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What is the focus of the 'chief complaint' in healthcare?
What is the focus of the 'chief complaint' in healthcare?
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Study Notes
Interview Phases
- Orientation phase: establishing a nurse-patient relationship while gathering information
- Working phase: patient-centered, goal-directed interaction, and therapeutic communication
- Termination phase: closing the interview
Successful Interview
- Gather: collect complete and accurate data
- Establish: build rapport and trust
- Begin: start teaching
- Discuss: discuss health promotion and disease prevention
Data Collection
- Subjective data: what the person says about themselves (patient's statement, reason for seeking care, perceptions, beliefs, and health history)
- Objective data: what the health professional observes (measurable, observable, physical examination, seeing, feeling, touching, and listening)
Communication Techniques
- Introduce: yourself, role, and purpose
- Open-ended questions: encourage narrative, no "yes/no" answers
- Closed or direct questions: one to two word answers, including yes/no, use after narrative
- Verbal response: assist the narrative
- Closing the interview: end gracefully
Communication Pitfalls
- Providing false assurance or reassurance
- Giving unwanted advice
- Using authority
- Using avoidance language
- Distancing
- Using professional jargon
- Using leading or biased questions
- Talking too much
- Interrupting
- Using "why" questions
Nonverbal Communication
- Physical appearance
- Posture
- Gestures
- Facial expressions
- Eye contact
- Voice (tone)
- Touch (empathy)
Developmental Considerations
- Infant, children, and adolescents: measure weight at regular intervals, best index of nutritional status over time
- Pregnant female: weigh monthly until 30 weeks, then every 2 weeks until final month, then weekly
- Elderly: loss of height beginning in the 30s, loss of muscle mass, loose skin, and change in fat distribution
Special Needs Considerations
- Consider key elements that address vulnerable populations
- Examples: acutely ill, drug/alcohol abuse, sexually aggressive, emotionally distraught, angry and/or threatening violence, anxious, and hearing impaired
Language Barriers
- Need an interpreter (preferably trained, in-person, or hotline)
- Consider both verbal and nonverbal cues in communication pattern
- Use a bilingual team member or trained medical interpreter (same gender preferred)
- Ask for verbatim account of the conversation
- Speak to the patient, not the interpreter
- Plan for longer time period
Health Literacy
- Ability to understand and follow instructions, navigate healthcare system, and communicate concerns
- Not just the ability to read
Techniques to Improve Health Literacy
- Oral teaching
- Written materials
- Teach back
Reason for Seeking Care
- Chief complaint: patient's own words describing reason for visit
- Document reported findings: symptoms and signs
- Reason for care is not a diagnosis
- Focus on patient's prioritized reasons for seeking care
Present Health and/or History of Present Illness (HPI)
- Collect all provided data and identify 8 critical characteristics
- Make sure collected data is precise and accurate (use measurable standards)
- Use standard indicators to document findings (reliable and valid results)
History: Respiratory System (H/O)
- Lung disease
- Chest pain with breathing
- Wheezing or noisy breathing
- Shortness of breath
- How much activity produces shortness of breath
- Cough
- Sputum (color, amount)
- Hemoptysis
- Toxic or pollution exposure
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Description
This quiz covers the phases and process of conducting a successful nursing interview, including establishing a nurse-patient relationship, gathering data, and building rapport.
