Nursing Interventions and Risk Factors
93 Questions
0 Views

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition
Chat to Lesson

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

What is the priority nursing intervention for a client diagnosed with right-sided heart failure who presents with bilateral bulging blue neck veins?

  • Notifying the healthcare provider
  • Elevating the legs
  • Administering diuretics
  • Assessing for peripheral edema (correct)

What is the consequence of the forward effect in left-sided heart failure?

  • Activation of RAAS and sympathetic nervous system
  • Decreased blood flow to the lungs
  • Hypoxia and cyanosis
  • Increased perfusion to vital organs (correct)

Which diagnostic test is most appropriate for confirming an ischemic stroke?

  • Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) (correct)
  • Lumbar Puncture
  • Electroencephalogram (EEG)
  • Computed Tomography (CT) scan

What modifiable factor contributes to the development of osteoporosis?

<p>Sedentary lifestyle (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characteristic feature distinguishes rheumatoid arthritis from other forms of arthritis?

<p>Symmetric joint involvement (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the initial intervention for a patient with type 1 diabetes experiencing a hypoglycemic event?

<p>Providing oral glucose tablets (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is tuberculosis primarily transmitted?

<p>Inhalation of airborne droplets (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a common symptom of hypoglycemia in a patient with diabetes?

<p>Increased thirst (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What signs are indicative of meningitis during a physical examination?

<p>Kernig and Brudzinski signs (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main characteristic feature of Crohn's disease?

<p>Skip lesions (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A patient exhibiting right-sided heart failure may have which of the following symptoms?

<p>Peripheral edema (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which symptom is most commonly associated with left-sided heart failure?

<p>Pink frothy sputum (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the priority action the nurse should take for a patient with signs of a cerebrovascular accident?

<p>Activate the stroke response (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What condition is a postmenopausal woman with a history of corticosteroid use most at risk of developing?

<p>Osteoporosis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does glucosuria and ketonuria in a patient with type 1 diabetes indicate?

<p>Hyperglycemia (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What symptom is characteristic of pneumothorax?

<p>Absent breath sounds on one side (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common result of chronic hypertension on the heart?

<p>Left ventricular hypertrophy (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which condition is likely caused by squeezing chest pain radiating to the neck and jaw?

<p>Angina pectoris (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What symptom is indicative of a gastric ulcer?

<p>Burning pain between meals (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is one of the 'Three P's' associated with diabetes mellitus?

<p>Polydipsia (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What condition is indicated by symptoms such as jugular venous distension, peripheral edema, and hepatomegaly?

<p>Right-sided heart failure (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A patient experiences sudden slurred speech and facial droop. What should be the immediate nursing action?

<p>Activate the stroke response (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which neurotransmitter is primarily lost in Parkinson's disease?

<p>Dopamine (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In Parkinson's disease, what is the typical neurotransmitter imbalance?

<p>Decreased dopamine and increased acetylcholine (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of protein accumulation is associated with Parkinson's disease?

<p>Lewy bodies (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which symptom is NOT typically associated with Parkinson's disease?

<p>Hyperactivity (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common precipitating factor for a myasthenic crisis in Myasthenia Gravis?

<p>Infection (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which severe complication can arise from Myasthenia Gravis?

<p>Aspiration and respiratory failure (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the top nursing priority for a patient with a high spinal cord injury?

<p>Assess airway, breathing, and circulation (ABCs) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What classic signs are associated with meningitis?

<p>Fever, nuchal rigidity, and headache (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of meningitis is the most prevalent?

<p>Viral (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What diagnostic sign involves flexing the neck to check for involuntary reactions in meningitis?

<p>Brudzinski sign (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which blood test specifically measures elevated uric acid levels in Gout?

<p>Serum Uric Acid (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which respiratory assessment finding is typical for a patient with pneumothorax?

<p>Hyperresonance to percussion (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary pathological process underlying Multiple Sclerosis?

<p>Autoimmune demyelination in the central nervous system (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What dietary advice should be provided to a patient managing diverticulitis?

<p>High-fiber diet (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which condition is most closely associated with peripheral edema?

<p>Chronic bronchitis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a significant complication of uncontrolled hypertension?

<p>Renal failure (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which symptom is typically associated with gastric ulcers?

<p>Epigastric burning pain between meals (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following findings is indicative of acute kidney injury?

<p>Anuria (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most distinguishing feature of stable angina compared to unstable angina?

<p>It is relieved by rest. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common cause of peptic ulcer disease?

<p>Helicobacter pylori infection (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In a patient with suspected appendicitis, which anatomical location is of primary concern?

<p>Right lower quadrant at McBurney's point (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What clinical sign would support a diagnosis of bacterial meningitis in a patient?

<p>Positive Kernig sign (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes the physical appearance of a patient described as a 'pink puffer'?

<p>Barrel-shaped chest (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which feature is commonly seen in patients experiencing angina pectoris?

<p>Chest pain that is intermittent and predictable (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following conditions can lead to renal failure?

<p>Uncontrolled hypertension (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which blood test is typically elevated in a patient diagnosed with hypothyroidism?

<p>Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What test provides an average blood glucose level over the previous three months?

<p>Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which blood test is likely elevated in a patient with hyperthyroidism?

<p>Free T4 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common risk factor for developing acute pancreatitis?

<p>Long-term heavy alcohol use (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which condition is most often linked with chronic pancreatitis in patients with heavy alcohol use?

<p>Hyperlipidemia (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What hereditary disorder is frequently associated with chronic pancreatitis?

<p>Cystic fibrosis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which factor leads to permanent changes in the pulmonary structure in COPD?

<p>Thickening of bronchiole walls (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a significant consequence of narrowing of the bronchioles in COPD patients?

<p>Reversible airflow limitation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In Myasthenia Gravis, what neurotransmitter deficiency causes muscle weakness?

<p>Acetylcholine (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What diagnostic test is commonly employed for Myasthenia Gravis when ocular symptoms are present?

<p>Edrophonium (Tensilon) test (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of stroke accounts for the majority of cases?

<p>Ischemic stroke (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A patient shows bilateral motor and sensory deficits along with absent deep tendon reflexes. What condition might they have?

<p>Guillain-Barre Syndrome (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What term describes a condition where an Alzheimer's patient struggles to recognize familiar faces?

<p>Agnosia (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of neurofibrillary abnormality is often found in the brains of Alzheimer's patients?

<p>Neurofibrillary tangles composed of tau protein (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What neurotransmitter is primarily affected in Parkinson's disease?

<p>Dopamine (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which symptom is associated with autonomic disturbances in Parkinson's disease?

<p>Unregulated blood pressure (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of renal failure occurs due to decreased blood supply caused by cardiovascular collapse?

<p>Prerenal (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which condition is associated with urinary outflow obstruction, leading to kidney dysfunction?

<p>Postrenal failure (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which factor is considered a nonmodifiable risk factor for cardiovascular disease?

<p>Age (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A patient with chronic kidney disease presents with confusion and stupor. What is the likely cause of these neurological symptoms?

<p>Elevated nitrogenous wastes (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What blood test is primarily used to monitor blood sugar levels over the past three months in patients with diabetes?

<p>Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the expected blood test result for a patient with hyperthyroidism?

<p>Low TSH, high T3, high T4 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the normal range for calcium levels in the blood?

<p>8.6 - 10.3 mg/dL (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A patient develops what type of diabetes due to autoimmune destruction of beta cells?

<p>Type 1 diabetes (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What blood test result is expected for a patient with hypothyroidism?

<p>Low T4 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What lifestyle factor is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease?

<p>Excessive alcohol use (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characteristic progression of weakness is seen in a patient with Guillain-Barre Syndrome?

<p>Distal to proximal (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What autonomic disturbance is commonly associated with Guillain-Barre Syndrome?

<p>Tachycardia (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the hallmark laboratory finding in hyperthyroidism?

<p>High T4 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the normal range for potassium levels in the body?

<p>3.5 - 5.3 mmol/L (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of diabetes is characterized by an autoimmune destruction of pancreatic beta cells?

<p>Type 1 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is considered a nonmodifiable risk factor for cardiovascular disease?

<p>Age (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What factor is a modifiable risk factor for cardiovascular disease?

<p>Smoking (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the leading causes of chronic kidney disease?

<p>Hypertension and diabetes (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does weakness typically progress in Guillain-Barré Syndrome?

<p>Ascending muscle weakness (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the normal fasting glucose range?

<p>70 - 99 mg/dL (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What gastrointestinal condition is primarily associated with H. Pylori infection?

<p>Gastric and duodenal ulcers (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which best describes Guillain-Barré Syndrome?

<p>An autoimmune condition following a viral infection (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What severe outcome is associated with Status Epilepticus?

<p>Brain death due to constant seizures and hypoxia (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

At which stage of Alzheimer's disease does an individual typically experience significant forgetfulness?

<p>Stage 1 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a notable feature of Stage 2 Alzheimer's disease?

<p>Development of confusion and failure to recognize faces (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes Stage 3 Alzheimer’s disease?

<p>Total dependency on others for daily living (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which form of diabetes is commonly associated with diabetic ketoacidosis?

<p>Type 1 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key characteristic that differentiates Type 2 diabetes from Type 1?

<p>Insulin dependence (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the acronym TIA stand for in medical terminology?

<p>Temporary Ischemic Attack (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does TIA differ from a stroke?

<p>TIA symptoms resolve within 24 hours (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Jugular Venous Distension (JVD)

Bilateral bulging blue neck veins indicating increased pressure in the jugular veins, a sign of right-sided heart failure.

Forward Effect of Left-Sided Heart Failure

The decreased ability of the left ventricle to pump blood, resulting in inadequate ejection of blood into the aorta and reduced blood flow to vital organs.

MRI for Ischemic Stroke

Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is the preferred diagnostic tool for confirming ischemic strokes due to its ability to provide detailed images of brain structures and blood flow.

Modifiable Risk Factor for Osteoporosis

A lifestyle factor that can be altered to prevent or reduce the risk of osteoporosis, such as lack of weight-bearing exercise.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Distinguishing Feature of Rheumatoid Arthritis

Symmetrical joint swelling, affecting joints on both sides of the body, is a characteristic of Rheumatoid Arthritis.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Initial Intervention for Hypoglycemic Event

Providing oral glucose tablets is the primary response to a mild hypoglycemic event in individuals with type 1 diabetes.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Primary Transmission of Tuberculosis

Tuberculosis is primarily transmitted through inhalation of airborne droplets containing Mycobacterium tuberculosis bacteria.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Right-sided heart failure

A condition where the right ventricle cannot effectively pump blood to the lungs, leading to a buildup of pressure in the venous system.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Left-sided heart failure

A condition where the left ventricle cannot pump blood effectively forward to the body, leading to congestion in the lungs.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Cerebrovascular Accident (Stroke)

A condition characterized by sudden loss of brain function due to interruption of blood flow to the brain.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Parkinson's Disease

A progressive neurological disorder that affects movement, caused by the death of dopamine-producing cells in the brain.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Elevated Serum Uric Acid

An elevated level of uric acid in the blood is a characteristic sign of Gout.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Neurotransmitter imbalance in Parkinson's

A decrease in dopamine and an increase in acetylcholine.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Hypothyroidism Blood Test

Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH) is typically elevated in hypothyroidism.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Type 2 Diabetes Risk Factor

A sedentary lifestyle is a significant risk factor for developing Type 2 Diabetes.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Lewy bodies

Abnormal protein accumulations in nerve cells, a hallmark of Parkinson's disease.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Diabetes Control Monitoring Test

Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) measures average blood glucose levels over the past three months, providing insights into diabetes control.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Ocular Myasthenia Gravis

A type of Myasthenia Gravis that primarily affects the muscles controlling eye movement.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Fluctuating muscle weakness in Myasthenia Gravis

Muscle weakness that varies in severity and can be triggered by factors like stress or exertion.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Hyperthyroidism Blood Test

Free T4 levels are usually elevated in patients with hyperthyroidism.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Myasthenic crisis

A severe exacerbation of Myasthenia Gravis characterized by generalized muscle weakness.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Elevated Amylase and Lipase Levels

Elevated amylase and lipase levels in the blood can indicate pancreatitis.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Chronic Alcohol Consumption and Pancreatitis

Long-term heavy alcohol use is a common cause of acute pancreatitis, which can lead to chronic pancreatitis.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Severe Myasthenia Gravis

A severe form of the disease that can lead to respiratory failure due to weakness of breathing muscles.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Total Parenteral Nutrition and Pancreatitis

Total parenteral nutrition (TPN) is associated with an increased risk of developing acute pancreatitis.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Priority care for high spinal cord injury

Assessing and maintaining airway, breathing, and circulation (ABCs) is the top priority.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Chronic Pancreatitis and Hyperlipidemia

Chronic pancreatitis, especially in patients with a history of heavy alcohol use, is often linked to hyperlipidemia.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Descending tract damage in spinal cord injury

Damage to the descending tracts results in motor deficits, affecting voluntary movement.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Classic signs of meningitis

Fever, stiff neck (nuchal rigidity), and headache are the typical symptoms of meningitis.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Hereditary Disorder and Chronic Pancreatitis

Cystic fibrosis, a hereditary disorder, can contribute to the development of chronic pancreatitis.

Signup and view all the flashcards

COPD Remodeling

Thickening of bronchiole walls and loss of alveolar elastic recoil are permanent changes in the pulmonary structure in COPD.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Most common type of meningitis

Viral meningitis is the most frequent type.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Narrowing of Bronchioles in COPD

Narrowing of bronchioles in COPD leads to reversible airflow limitation, a hallmark symptom of the condition.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Brudzinski sign

A diagnostic sign for meningitis; neck flexion causes involuntary hip and knee flexion.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Neurotransmitter in Myasthenia Gravis

Acetylcholine, a critical neurotransmitter at neuromuscular junctions, is affected in Myasthenia Gravis.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Myasthenia Gravis Diagnosis

The Edrophonium (Tensilon) test is a commonly used diagnostic tool for Myasthenia Gravis, particularly in patients with ocular symptoms.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Most Common Stroke Type

Ischemic stroke, caused by reduced blood flow to the brain, is the most prevalent type of stroke.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Hyperthyroidism

A condition where the thyroid gland produces excessive thyroid hormones (T3 and T4), leading to increased metabolism.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Normal Potassium Level

The normal range of potassium in the blood is 3.5 to 5.3 mmol/L.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Type 1 Diabetes

An autoimmune disease where the pancreas cannot produce insulin, leading to high blood sugar levels.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Nonmodifiable Risk Factors

Factors that cannot be changed, increasing the risk of cardiovascular disease. Examples include age, genetics, and family history.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Modifiable Risk Factors

Factors that can be changed to reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease. Examples include smoking, diet, and exercise.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Common Causes of Chronic Kidney Disease

The most common causes are hypertension (high blood pressure) and diabetes.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Guillain-Barré Syndrome

An autoimmune disorder that affects the nerves, causing ascending muscle weakness.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Normal Fasting Glucose Level

The normal fasting glucose level is between 70 and 99 mg/dL.

Signup and view all the flashcards

H.Pylori Infection

A bacterial infection that commonly causes gastric and duodenal ulcers.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Guillain-Barré Syndrome

An autoimmune disorder triggered by a viral infection, causing ascending paralysis.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Status Epilepticus

A life-threatening condition characterized by prolonged seizures, leading to brain damage and death.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Stage 1 Alzheimer's Disease

The initial stage marked by forgetfulness, memory loss, and difficulties with judgment and abstract thinking.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Stage 2 Alzheimer's Disease

The individual develops confusion, struggles to recognize faces, and may experience hallucinations and seizures.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Stage 3 Alzheimer's Disease

The final stage where individuals become completely dependent on others for their daily needs.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Type 1 Diabetes and Diabetic Ketoacidosis

Diabetic ketoacidosis is a serious complication of Type 1 diabetes, where the body produces ketones due to lack of insulin.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What neurotransmitter is primarily affected in Parkinson's disease?

Dopamine is the neurotransmitter primarily affected in Parkinson's disease. This deficiency leads to the characteristic symptoms of the condition.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What symptom is associated with autonomic disturbances in Parkinson's disease?

Unregulated blood pressure is a symptom associated with autonomic disturbances in Parkinson's disease. This can lead to fluctuations in heart rate as well.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What type of renal failure is caused by decreased blood supply to the kidneys?

Prerenal failure occurs when the kidneys are not receiving enough blood, leading to a decrease in their function. This can be caused by factors like cardiovascular collapse.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What condition causes postrenal failure?

Postrenal failure is caused by an obstruction in the urinary tract, preventing urine from flowing out of the kidneys. This can be caused by factors like kidney stones or an enlarged prostate.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What is a common cause of intrinsic renal failure?

Nephrotoxic agents are a common cause of intrinsic renal failure. These substances damage the kidneys directly, leading to a decrease in their function.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What causes neurological symptoms in chronic kidney disease?

Elevated nitrogenous wastes in the blood, a common consequence of chronic kidney disease, can affect the brain and lead to neurological symptoms like confusion, stupor, and coma.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What is the significance of measuring GFR in chronic kidney disease?

Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is a measure of kidney function. Measuring GFR in chronic kidney disease helps determine the severity of kidney dysfunction and monitor its progression.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What type of diabetes is caused by an autoimmune destruction of beta cells?

Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease characterized by the destruction of insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas, leading to insulin deficiency.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What blood test monitors blood sugar levels over the past three months?

Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) is a blood test that measures the average blood glucose levels over the past three months. This is a valuable tool for managing diabetes.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What blood test results are expected in a patient with hypothyroidism?

A patient with hypothyroidism is expected to have a high TSH (thyroid-stimulating hormone) level and low levels of T3 and T4 (thyroid hormones).

Signup and view all the flashcards

What blood test results are expected in a patient with hyperthyroidism?

A patient with hyperthyroidism is expected to have a low TSH level and high levels of T3 and T4.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What is a non-modifiable risk factor for cardiovascular disease?

Age is a non-modifiable risk factor for cardiovascular disease. It is independent of lifestyle choices and increases the risk of heart disease with increasing years.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What lifestyle factor contributes to an increased risk of cardiovascular disease?

Excessive alcohol use is a modifiable lifestyle factor that can significantly increase the risk of cardiovascular disease.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What is the characteristic progression of muscle weakness in Guillain-Barre Syndrome?

In Guillain-Barre Syndrome, muscle weakness typically begins in the distal extremities (hands and feet) and progresses proximally towards the torso.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What autonomic disturbance is commonly associated with Guillain-Barre Syndrome?

Tachycardia (rapid heart rate) is a common autonomic disturbance associated with Guillain-Barre Syndrome. It can occur due to the involvement of the autonomic nervous system.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Kernig Sign

A clinical sign of meningitis characterized by resistance and pain when the patient's leg is extended at the knee.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What is a hallmark of Crohn's Disease?

Crohn's disease is characterized by 'skip lesions,' meaning inflammation occurs in patchy segments along the digestive tract, leaving areas of healthy tissue in between.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What are the symptoms of right-sided heart failure?

Right-sided heart failure is characterized by difficulty pumping blood from the right ventricle to the lungs. This leads to symptoms like Jugular Venous Distension (JVD), peripheral edema, and hepatomegaly.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What are the symptoms of left-sided heart failure?

Left-sided heart failure occurs when the left ventricle can't pump blood efficiently to the body. Symptoms include dyspnea, pink frothy sputum, and orthopnea.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What are the signs of a Cerebrovascular Accident (Stroke)?

Sudden onset of slurred speech, facial drooping, and weakness on one side of the body are indicative of a stroke.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What are the risk factors of Osteoporosis?

Postmenopausal status, low body weight, sedentary lifestyle, and corticosteroid use are risk factors for osteoporosis.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What are the primary symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis?

Rheumatoid arthritis is characterized by joint swelling, deformity, and morning stiffness that lasts over an hour.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What do glucosuria and ketonuria in a type 1 diabetic indicate?

Glucosuria (glucose in the urine) and Ketonuria (presence of ketones) are signs of high blood sugar (hyperglycemia) in type 1 diabetes.

Signup and view all the flashcards

How is Tuberculosis Transmitted?

Tuberculosis is primarily transmitted through breathing in tiny droplets containing the bacteria Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What are the symptoms of a Pneumothorax?

Pneumothorax, or air in the chest cavity, is characterized by symptoms like chest pain, shortness of breath, and no breath sounds on one side of the chest.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What is the leading cause of Pulmonary Edema?

Left ventricular heart failure is the main reason for pulmonary edema, as the left ventricle's inability to pump effectively causes fluid to build up in the lungs.

Signup and view all the flashcards

How does Hypertension affect the heart?

Hypertension (high blood pressure) can lead to heart muscle thickening, known as left ventricular hypertrophy, as the heart works harder against increased pressure.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What are the symptoms of Angina Pectoris?

Angina pectoris is typically described as 'squeezing, crushing chest pain' that often radiates to the neck, jaw, and upper abdomen.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What type of ulcer is characterized by burning pain between meals?

Gastric ulcers are often associated with epigastric burning pain that worsens between meals, along with bloating and nausea.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What are the '3 P's' of Diabetes Mellitus?

The '3 P's' of diabetes mellitus are: Polydipsia (excessive thirst), Polyuria (frequent urination), and Polyphagia (excessive hunger).

Signup and view all the flashcards

Tuberculosis Transmission

Tuberculosis spreads primarily through the inhalation of tiny droplets containing Mycobacterium tuberculosis bacteria. These droplets are released when an infected person coughs, sneezes, or talks.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Pneumothorax Sign

Hyperresonance to percussion is a characteristic sign of pneumothorax. This occurs because air in the pleural cavity makes the lung sound abnormally hollow.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Uncontrolled Hypertension's Effect

Uncontrolled hypertension can damage the kidneys, leading to renal failure. High blood pressure puts strain on the tiny blood vessels in the kidneys, damaging them over time.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Stable vs. Unstable Angina

Stable angina is relieved by rest, while unstable angina is not. Unstable angina is a more serious condition that can indicate a heart attack is imminent.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Gastric Ulcer Symptom

Nocturnal epigastric pain, meaning pain in the upper abdomen that wakes you up at night, is a hallmark of a gastric ulcer.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Type 2 Diabetes Diet

A high-carbohydrate, low-fat diet is often recommended for type 2 diabetes. This helps to manage blood sugar levels.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Pink Puffer's Characteristic

Pink puffers, a term for patients with emphysema, have a barrel-shaped chest. This is due to hyperinflation of the alveoli, or tiny air sacs in the lungs.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Blue Bloater's Feature

Blue bloaters, often associated with chronic bronchitis, often exhibit peripheral edema. This is due to right ventricular failure, where the heart can't pump blood effectively to the lungs.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Diverticulitis Diet

A high-fiber diet is recommended for diverticulitis. Fiber helps to promote regular bowel movements and prevent the formation of pouches in the colon.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Appendicitis Tenderness

Tenderness at McBurney's point, a specific spot in the right lower quadrant of the abdomen, is a classic sign of appendicitis.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Acute Kidney Injury Urine Output

Anuria, or absence of urine output, is a characteristic finding in acute kidney injury. This indicates a severe failure of the kidneys to filter waste products.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Multiple Sclerosis Symptoms

Recurrent visual disturbances, difficulty walking, muscle weakness combined with MRI revealing lesions in the white matter of the brain are suggestive of Multiple Sclerosis.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Peptic Ulcer Disease Cause

Helicobacter pylori infection is a major cause of peptic ulcer disease. This bacterium damages the lining of the stomach and duodenum.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Meningitis Signs

Positive Brudzinski and Kernig signs are strongly suggestive of bacterial meningitis. Brudzinski sign involves involuntary knee flexion when the neck is flexed, while Kernig sign involves pain in the lower back when straightening the leg.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Study Notes

Nursing Interventions for Common Diagnoses

  • Right-sided heart failure (RHF): Priority intervention for bilateral bulging blue neck veins (JVD) is assessing for peripheral edema to determine severity.

  • Left-sided heart failure (LHF): Forward effect causes increased perfusion to vital organs.

  • Ischemic stroke: MRI is preferred for confirming ischemic stroke due to its detailed brain imaging.

Modifiable Risk Factors and Conditions

  • Osteoporosis: Sedentary lifestyle is a modifiable risk factor.

  • Rheumatoid arthritis (RA): RA involves symmetric joint involvement.

  • Type 2 diabetes: A high-carbohydrate, low-fat diet is a suitable dietary recommendation.

  • Diverticulitis: High-fiber diet is recommended for promoting regular bowel movements.

Common Medical Conditions/Interventions

  • Appendicitis: Tenderness at McBurney's point (right lower quadrant) is a sign of suspect appendicitis.

  • Acute kidney injury (AKI): Anuria (absence of urine output) is common.

  • Pneumothorax: Hyperresonance to percussion is indicative of pneumothorax.

  • Tuberculosis (TB): Transmission is primarily via inhalation of airborne droplets.

  • Hypoglycemia: Providing oral glucose tablets is the initial intervention.

  • Hypertension: Uncontrolled hypertension results in kidney damage potentially causing renal failure and left ventricular hypertrophy.

  • Stable angina: Stable angina is relieved by rest while unstable angina is not.

  • Gastric ulcer: Nocturnal epigastric pain is a defining symptom.

  • Myocardial infarction (MI): Sudden severe chest pain, radiating to the neck, jaw, and upper abdomen, is a strong indicator, in conjunction with other symptoms. Immediate medical attention is crucial.

Neurological Conditions/Interventions

  • Multiple sclerosis (MS): Autoimmune demyelination in the central nervous system is the pathological process.

  • Bacterial meningitis: Fever, nuchal rigidity, and headache are hallmark symptoms. The presence of Brudzinski and Kernig signs are concerning, requiring immediate medical attention.

  • Parkinson's disease (PD): A decrease in dopamine and an increase in acetylcholine characterize the neurotransmitter imbalance.

  • Myasthenia Gravis (MG): Ocular symptoms often include Diplopia (double vision); fluctuating skeletal muscle weakness/ptosis are common. Infections are a common trigger for myasthenic crisis.

  • Spinal cord injury (SCI): Asses airway, breathing, and circulation (ABCs) is a priority for high spinal cord injuries due to respiratory complications in injuries above C4.

  • Cerebrovascular accident (CVA): Slurred speech, facial droop and weakness on one side of the body indicate CVA, requiring immediate medical attention via stroke protocol activation.

Other

  • COPD (Pink Puffers): Barrel-shaped chest is a characteristic feature.

  • COPD (Blue Bloaters): Peripheral edema due to right ventricular failure is common.

  • Crohn's disease: Characterized by skip lesions, inflammation with normal tissue between patches.

Other Important Medical Concepts

  • Hypertension: Left ventricular hypertrophy is a common consequence of uncontrolled hypertension.

Studying That Suits You

Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

Quiz Team

Description

Test your knowledge on crucial nursing interventions related to common diagnoses such as heart failure and strokes. Explore modifiable risk factors for conditions like osteoporosis and type 2 diabetes. This quiz will equip you with important insights into medical conditions and their interventions.

More Like This

Nursing Interventions: Thrombocytopenia Flashcards
5 questions

Nursing Interventions: Thrombocytopenia Flashcards

DistinctiveDrama avatar
DistinctiveDrama
Nursing Interventions for Dehydration
22 questions

Nursing Interventions for Dehydration

SpellboundEllipsis avatar
SpellboundEllipsis
Nursing Interventions Assessment Quiz
12 questions

Nursing Interventions Assessment Quiz

SensationalChrysoprase468 avatar
SensationalChrysoprase468
Nursing Interventions and Decision-Making
4 questions

Nursing Interventions and Decision-Making

TenaciousFeynman9892 avatar
TenaciousFeynman9892
Use Quizgecko on...
Browser
Open
Browser
Browser