Nursing Interventions and Risk Factors
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What is the priority nursing intervention for a client diagnosed with right-sided heart failure who presents with bilateral bulging blue neck veins?

  • Notifying the healthcare provider
  • Elevating the legs
  • Administering diuretics
  • Assessing for peripheral edema (correct)

    • What is the consequence of the forward effect in left-sided heart failure?

  • Activation of RAAS and sympathetic nervous system
  • Decreased blood flow to the lungs
  • Hypoxia and cyanosis
  • Increased perfusion to vital organs (correct)

    • Which diagnostic test is most appropriate for confirming an ischemic stroke?

  • Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) (correct)
  • Lumbar Puncture
  • Electroencephalogram (EEG)
  • Computed Tomography (CT) scan

    • What modifiable factor contributes to the development of osteoporosis?

    <p>Sedentary lifestyle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characteristic feature distinguishes rheumatoid arthritis from other forms of arthritis?

    <p>Symmetric joint involvement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the initial intervention for a patient with type 1 diabetes experiencing a hypoglycemic event?

    <p>Providing oral glucose tablets</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is tuberculosis primarily transmitted?

    <p>Inhalation of airborne droplets</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a common symptom of hypoglycemia in a patient with diabetes?

    <p>Increased thirst</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What signs are indicative of meningitis during a physical examination?

    <p>Kernig and Brudzinski signs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main characteristic feature of Crohn's disease?

    <p>Skip lesions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A patient exhibiting right-sided heart failure may have which of the following symptoms?

    <p>Peripheral edema</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which symptom is most commonly associated with left-sided heart failure?

    <p>Pink frothy sputum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the priority action the nurse should take for a patient with signs of a cerebrovascular accident?

    <p>Activate the stroke response</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What condition is a postmenopausal woman with a history of corticosteroid use most at risk of developing?

    <p>Osteoporosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does glucosuria and ketonuria in a patient with type 1 diabetes indicate?

    <p>Hyperglycemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What symptom is characteristic of pneumothorax?

    <p>Absent breath sounds on one side</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common result of chronic hypertension on the heart?

    <p>Left ventricular hypertrophy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition is likely caused by squeezing chest pain radiating to the neck and jaw?

    <p>Angina pectoris</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What symptom is indicative of a gastric ulcer?

    <p>Burning pain between meals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is one of the 'Three P's' associated with diabetes mellitus?

    <p>Polydipsia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What condition is indicated by symptoms such as jugular venous distension, peripheral edema, and hepatomegaly?

    <p>Right-sided heart failure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A patient experiences sudden slurred speech and facial droop. What should be the immediate nursing action?

    <p>Activate the stroke response</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which neurotransmitter is primarily lost in Parkinson's disease?

    <p>Dopamine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In Parkinson's disease, what is the typical neurotransmitter imbalance?

    <p>Decreased dopamine and increased acetylcholine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of protein accumulation is associated with Parkinson's disease?

    <p>Lewy bodies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which symptom is NOT typically associated with Parkinson's disease?

    <p>Hyperactivity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common precipitating factor for a myasthenic crisis in Myasthenia Gravis?

    <p>Infection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which severe complication can arise from Myasthenia Gravis?

    <p>Aspiration and respiratory failure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the top nursing priority for a patient with a high spinal cord injury?

    <p>Assess airway, breathing, and circulation (ABCs)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What classic signs are associated with meningitis?

    <p>Fever, nuchal rigidity, and headache</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of meningitis is the most prevalent?

    <p>Viral</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What diagnostic sign involves flexing the neck to check for involuntary reactions in meningitis?

    <p>Brudzinski sign</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which blood test specifically measures elevated uric acid levels in Gout?

    <p>Serum Uric Acid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which respiratory assessment finding is typical for a patient with pneumothorax?

    <p>Hyperresonance to percussion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary pathological process underlying Multiple Sclerosis?

    <p>Autoimmune demyelination in the central nervous system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What dietary advice should be provided to a patient managing diverticulitis?

    <p>High-fiber diet</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition is most closely associated with peripheral edema?

    <p>Chronic bronchitis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant complication of uncontrolled hypertension?

    <p>Renal failure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which symptom is typically associated with gastric ulcers?

    <p>Epigastric burning pain between meals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following findings is indicative of acute kidney injury?

    <p>Anuria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most distinguishing feature of stable angina compared to unstable angina?

    <p>It is relieved by rest.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common cause of peptic ulcer disease?

    <p>Helicobacter pylori infection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In a patient with suspected appendicitis, which anatomical location is of primary concern?

    <p>Right lower quadrant at McBurney's point</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What clinical sign would support a diagnosis of bacterial meningitis in a patient?

    <p>Positive Kernig sign</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes the physical appearance of a patient described as a 'pink puffer'?

    <p>Barrel-shaped chest</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which feature is commonly seen in patients experiencing angina pectoris?

    <p>Chest pain that is intermittent and predictable</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following conditions can lead to renal failure?

    <p>Uncontrolled hypertension</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which blood test is typically elevated in a patient diagnosed with hypothyroidism?

    <p>Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What test provides an average blood glucose level over the previous three months?

    <p>Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which blood test is likely elevated in a patient with hyperthyroidism?

    <p>Free T4</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common risk factor for developing acute pancreatitis?

    <p>Long-term heavy alcohol use</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition is most often linked with chronic pancreatitis in patients with heavy alcohol use?

    <p>Hyperlipidemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What hereditary disorder is frequently associated with chronic pancreatitis?

    <p>Cystic fibrosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor leads to permanent changes in the pulmonary structure in COPD?

    <p>Thickening of bronchiole walls</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant consequence of narrowing of the bronchioles in COPD patients?

    <p>Reversible airflow limitation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In Myasthenia Gravis, what neurotransmitter deficiency causes muscle weakness?

    <p>Acetylcholine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What diagnostic test is commonly employed for Myasthenia Gravis when ocular symptoms are present?

    <p>Edrophonium (Tensilon) test</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of stroke accounts for the majority of cases?

    <p>Ischemic stroke</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A patient shows bilateral motor and sensory deficits along with absent deep tendon reflexes. What condition might they have?

    <p>Guillain-Barre Syndrome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What term describes a condition where an Alzheimer's patient struggles to recognize familiar faces?

    <p>Agnosia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of neurofibrillary abnormality is often found in the brains of Alzheimer's patients?

    <p>Neurofibrillary tangles composed of tau protein</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What neurotransmitter is primarily affected in Parkinson's disease?

    <p>Dopamine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which symptom is associated with autonomic disturbances in Parkinson's disease?

    <p>Unregulated blood pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of renal failure occurs due to decreased blood supply caused by cardiovascular collapse?

    <p>Prerenal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition is associated with urinary outflow obstruction, leading to kidney dysfunction?

    <p>Postrenal failure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor is considered a nonmodifiable risk factor for cardiovascular disease?

    <p>Age</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A patient with chronic kidney disease presents with confusion and stupor. What is the likely cause of these neurological symptoms?

    <p>Elevated nitrogenous wastes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What blood test is primarily used to monitor blood sugar levels over the past three months in patients with diabetes?

    <p>Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the expected blood test result for a patient with hyperthyroidism?

    <p>Low TSH, high T3, high T4</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the normal range for calcium levels in the blood?

    <p>8.6 - 10.3 mg/dL</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A patient develops what type of diabetes due to autoimmune destruction of beta cells?

    <p>Type 1 diabetes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What blood test result is expected for a patient with hypothyroidism?

    <p>Low T4</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What lifestyle factor is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease?

    <p>Excessive alcohol use</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characteristic progression of weakness is seen in a patient with Guillain-Barre Syndrome?

    <p>Distal to proximal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What autonomic disturbance is commonly associated with Guillain-Barre Syndrome?

    <p>Tachycardia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the hallmark laboratory finding in hyperthyroidism?

    <p>High T4</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the normal range for potassium levels in the body?

    <p>3.5 - 5.3 mmol/L</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of diabetes is characterized by an autoimmune destruction of pancreatic beta cells?

    <p>Type 1</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is considered a nonmodifiable risk factor for cardiovascular disease?

    <p>Age</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What factor is a modifiable risk factor for cardiovascular disease?

    <p>Smoking</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the leading causes of chronic kidney disease?

    <p>Hypertension and diabetes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does weakness typically progress in Guillain-Barré Syndrome?

    <p>Ascending muscle weakness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the normal fasting glucose range?

    <p>70 - 99 mg/dL</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What gastrointestinal condition is primarily associated with H. Pylori infection?

    <p>Gastric and duodenal ulcers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which best describes Guillain-Barré Syndrome?

    <p>An autoimmune condition following a viral infection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What severe outcome is associated with Status Epilepticus?

    <p>Brain death due to constant seizures and hypoxia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At which stage of Alzheimer's disease does an individual typically experience significant forgetfulness?

    <p>Stage 1</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a notable feature of Stage 2 Alzheimer's disease?

    <p>Development of confusion and failure to recognize faces</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes Stage 3 Alzheimer’s disease?

    <p>Total dependency on others for daily living</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which form of diabetes is commonly associated with diabetic ketoacidosis?

    <p>Type 1</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key characteristic that differentiates Type 2 diabetes from Type 1?

    <p>Insulin dependence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the acronym TIA stand for in medical terminology?

    <p>Temporary Ischemic Attack</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does TIA differ from a stroke?

    <p>TIA symptoms resolve within 24 hours</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Nursing Interventions for Common Diagnoses

    • Right-sided heart failure (RHF): Priority intervention for bilateral bulging blue neck veins (JVD) is assessing for peripheral edema to determine severity.

    • Left-sided heart failure (LHF): Forward effect causes increased perfusion to vital organs.

    • Ischemic stroke: MRI is preferred for confirming ischemic stroke due to its detailed brain imaging.

    Modifiable Risk Factors and Conditions

    • Osteoporosis: Sedentary lifestyle is a modifiable risk factor.

    • Rheumatoid arthritis (RA): RA involves symmetric joint involvement.

    • Type 2 diabetes: A high-carbohydrate, low-fat diet is a suitable dietary recommendation.

    • Diverticulitis: High-fiber diet is recommended for promoting regular bowel movements.

    Common Medical Conditions/Interventions

    • Appendicitis: Tenderness at McBurney's point (right lower quadrant) is a sign of suspect appendicitis.

    • Acute kidney injury (AKI): Anuria (absence of urine output) is common.

    • Pneumothorax: Hyperresonance to percussion is indicative of pneumothorax.

    • Tuberculosis (TB): Transmission is primarily via inhalation of airborne droplets.

    • Hypoglycemia: Providing oral glucose tablets is the initial intervention.

    • Hypertension: Uncontrolled hypertension results in kidney damage potentially causing renal failure and left ventricular hypertrophy.

    • Stable angina: Stable angina is relieved by rest while unstable angina is not.

    • Gastric ulcer: Nocturnal epigastric pain is a defining symptom.

    • Myocardial infarction (MI): Sudden severe chest pain, radiating to the neck, jaw, and upper abdomen, is a strong indicator, in conjunction with other symptoms. Immediate medical attention is crucial.

    Neurological Conditions/Interventions

    • Multiple sclerosis (MS): Autoimmune demyelination in the central nervous system is the pathological process.

    • Bacterial meningitis: Fever, nuchal rigidity, and headache are hallmark symptoms. The presence of Brudzinski and Kernig signs are concerning, requiring immediate medical attention.

    • Parkinson's disease (PD): A decrease in dopamine and an increase in acetylcholine characterize the neurotransmitter imbalance.

    • Myasthenia Gravis (MG): Ocular symptoms often include Diplopia (double vision); fluctuating skeletal muscle weakness/ptosis are common. Infections are a common trigger for myasthenic crisis.

    • Spinal cord injury (SCI): Asses airway, breathing, and circulation (ABCs) is a priority for high spinal cord injuries due to respiratory complications in injuries above C4.

    • Cerebrovascular accident (CVA): Slurred speech, facial droop and weakness on one side of the body indicate CVA, requiring immediate medical attention via stroke protocol activation.

    Other

    • COPD (Pink Puffers): Barrel-shaped chest is a characteristic feature.

    • COPD (Blue Bloaters): Peripheral edema due to right ventricular failure is common.

    • Crohn's disease: Characterized by skip lesions, inflammation with normal tissue between patches.

    Other Important Medical Concepts

    • Hypertension: Left ventricular hypertrophy is a common consequence of uncontrolled hypertension.

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    Description

    Test your knowledge on crucial nursing interventions related to common diagnoses such as heart failure and strokes. Explore modifiable risk factors for conditions like osteoporosis and type 2 diabetes. This quiz will equip you with important insights into medical conditions and their interventions.

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