71 Questions
What was the role of indigenous women in nursing and midwifery?
They played a vital role as nurses and midwives.
Why is it important to understand the history of nursing?
To develop a professional identity and understand societal influences.
What were the common perceptions of nurses during the mid-1800s through World War I?
Noble, moral, religious, virginal, and self-sacrificing.
Why were indigenous women barred from entering nurse training schools until the 1930s?
Due to the policy of assimilation and suppression of indigenous healing knowledge.
Where did Bernice Redman pursue nursing when she was not able to attend in Canada in the 1940s?
Virginia
Who was the first indigenous nurse accepted in New York but not in Ontario?
Charlotte Edith Anderson Monterey
When did the first Black Nurses graduate from a nursing program in Canada?
1948
Who was the first black nurse to be awarded the Victoria Order of Nurses in Canada?
Bernice Redman
What is the focus of Descriptive Phenomenology?
Focusing on first-hand experiences of people
What is the primary role of Critical Social Theory?
Challenging power imbalances and inequities
What is the main purpose of emphasizing nursing’s unique body of knowledge defined through research?
To uphold positive images of nursing
What is the implication of historical images for nursing recruitment?
Providing inspiration and dissonance
What is the primary purpose of interpretive phenomenology?
Examining contextual features of lived experiences
What is the main focus of Critical Social Theory?
Challenging power imbalances and inequities
What is the implication of social construction?
Creating and accepting ideas or concepts
What is the main purpose of emphasizing nursing’s unique body of knowledge defined through research?
Upholding positive images of nursing
What is the primary role of Critical Social Theory?
Challenging power imbalances and inequities
What is the focus of Descriptive Phenomenology?
Focusing on first-hand experiences of people
What is the focus of social justice approach in nursing?
Advocating for the redistribution of opportunities and resources for vulnerable people
What is the primary purpose of interpretive phenomenology?
Examining contextual features of lived experiences
In nursing, what does ethical knowing primarily focus on?
Moral choices and what ought to be done
What is the implication of social construction?
Creating and accepting ideas or concepts
What is the key aspect of personal knowing in nursing?
Relational concerns, empathy, and compassion
What is the central characteristic of aesthetic knowing in nursing?
A deeper appreciation of the whole person or situation
What is the primary focus of emancipatory knowing in nursing?
Recognizing and addressing social injustices and inequities
What is a key characteristic of a profession?
Requires specialized knowledge, skill, and values based on research
What are the primary values and responsibilities of nursing professionals?
Providing safe, compassionate, competent, and ethical care
According to Carper (1978), what are the original four ways of knowing in nursing?
Empirical, Ethical, Personal, Aesthetic
What did Chinn & Kramer (2011) add to the ways of knowing in nursing?
Socio-political and economic ways of knowing, known as emancipatory knowing
What is the primary focus of the social justice approach in nursing?
Advocating for the redistribution of opportunities and resources for vulnerable people
What is the primary focus of ethical knowing in nursing?
Moral choices and what ought to be done
What is the central characteristic of professional behaviors in nursing?
Functioning autonomously and being committed to advanced study
What is the main focus of the CNO Code of Conduct?
Setting professional standards for nursing practice
What is the primary purpose of the Personal Health Information Protection Act (PHIPA) and Personal Information Protection and Electronic Documents Act (PIPEDA)?
To ensure confidentiality and protection of personal health information
What is the focus of negligence and duty of care in nursing practice?
Ensuring accountability and responsibility in patient care
What are the entry to practice competencies for Registered Nurses primarily related to?
Ensuring the skills and knowledge required for safe and competent practice
Which organization is a trade union advocating for safe environments, patient care, and equality?
Registered Nurses Association of Ontario (RNAO)
Which organization outlines principles for ethical nursing practice including respect, integrity, and public confidence?
Ontario Nurses Association (ONA)
Which organization is the national professional voice of registered nurses, promoting nursing excellence and advocating for healthy public policy?
Canadian Nurses Association (CNA)
Which organization establishes national standards for nursing education and represents universities and colleges offering nursing programs?
Canadian Association of Schools of Nursing (CASN)
Which organization is an honor society of nursing dedicated to advancing knowledge, teaching, learning, and service in nursing?
Sigma Theta Tau International (STTI)
What do Entry-to-Practice (ETP) Competencies ensure for new graduate nurses across the country?
A standard level of competence
What is the primary mission of the International Council of Nurses (ICN)?
Representing nursing worldwide
What is the focus of the Canadian Association of Schools of Nursing (CASN)?
Establishing national standards for nursing education
What is the main role of the College of Nurses of Ontario (CNO)?
Outlining principles for ethical nursing practice
What is the primary purpose of the Registered Nurses Association of Ontario (RNAO)?
Fostering knowledge-based nursing practice
What is the main focus of the Canadian Nurses Association (CNA)?
Promoting nursing excellence
What is the primary goal of Sigma Theta Tau International (STTI)?
Advancing knowledge
What level of education is required for entry-level RNs?
Bachelor's degree
Which of the following is NOT one of the 9 roles organized under which entry-level RNs apply critical thinking?
Technician
What is the purpose of licensure for nurses?
To provide exclusive legal right to practice
What is the primary focus of registration exams like the NCLEX-RN?
Entry-level knowledge necessary for safe care
Which legislation governs the sharing of personal health information among healthcare team members?
PHIPA
What is the primary responsibility of healthcare providers regarding patient privacy and confidentiality?
Maintaining confidentiality
What is the primary purpose of licensure for nurses?
To provide exclusive legal right to practice
What is the primary focus of registration exams like the NCLEX-RN?
Entry-level knowledge necessary for safe care
Which legislation governs the sharing of personal health information among healthcare team members?
PHIPA
What is the primary responsibility of healthcare providers regarding patient privacy and confidentiality?
Maintaining confidentiality
What is the primary focus of registration exams like the NCLEX-RN?
Entry-level knowledge necessary for safe care
Which legislation governs the sharing of personal health information among healthcare team members?
PHIPA
What is defined as professional misconduct by the College of Nurses of Ontario (CNO)?
Failure to maintain standards of practice
What is a ground for professional misconduct according to the CNO?
Inappropriate business practices
Who is required to report instances of nurse misconduct that pose a serious risk of harm to patients?
Nurses and facility operators
How is sexual abuse of a patient by a nurse defined?
Having physical sexual relations with a patient
What are nurses legally responsible for regarding client health information?
Maintaining confidentiality and privacy of client health information
What is the purpose of regulatory law in nursing?
To protect the public/patients' rights and govern standards of care
What does the Regulated Health Professions Statute Law Amendment Act, 2009 aim to do?
Expand the services of regulated health care professionals and improve patient safety
What are the two main categories of Canadian law?
Public law and private law
What is a tort in Canadian law?
A civil wrong committed against a person or property
What is the primary focus of the Regulated Health Professions Statute Law Amendment Act, 2009?
To expand the services of regulated health care professionals and improve patient safety
What does regulatory law in nursing aim to achieve?
Protect the public/patients' rights and govern standards of care
Study Notes
Entry-Level Registered Nurse (RN) Competencies and Professional Responsibilities
- Entry-level RNs work within the registered nursing scope of practice and seek guidance when encountering situations outside their ability.
- They must have the skills and abilities to attain entry-level competencies and are prepared as generalists to practice safely, competently, and ethically in diverse settings.
- Entry-level RNs are educated at the baccalaureate level, with a strong foundation in nursing theory, health sciences, humanities, research, and ethics.
- They practice autonomously within legislation, practice standards, ethics, and scope of practice in their jurisdiction.
- Entry-level RNs apply critical thinking throughout all aspects of practice, organized under 9 roles including clinician, professional, communicator, collaborator, coordinator, leader, advocate, educator, and scholar.
- Licensing and registration of nurses are necessary to improve standards of practice and education, with the authority to remove those found to be incompetent or unethical from practice.
- Licensure is the exclusive legal right to practice a profession, while registration ensures a minimum level of safe practice and requires evidence of expanding knowledge and competence.
- Registration exams like the NCLEX-RN contribute to patient safety by testing entry-level knowledge necessary for safe care at the beginning of a nurse's career.
- The exams focus on areas such as pain management, medication administration, basic care, infection control, and confidentiality of patient information.
- Nurses have ethical and legal responsibility to maintain confidentiality and privacy of client health information, governed by provincial legislation such as PHIPA and PIPEDA.
- PHIPA permits sharing personal health information among healthcare team members, while PIPEDA requires organizations to obtain consent for collecting, using, or disclosing personal information and protect it with appropriate safeguards.
- Privacy and confidentiality belong to the patient, and confidentiality is the duty of the healthcare provider, with guidelines on maintaining them.
Professional Conduct and Legal Obligations in Nursing
- The College of Nurses of Ontario (CNO) defines professional misconduct as including failure to maintain standards of practice, working while impaired, abusive conduct, theft, and failure to obtain informed consent and breach of confidentiality.
- Other grounds for professional misconduct include failure to meet legal/professional obligations, conflict of interest, inappropriate business practices, disgraceful, dishonourable and unprofessional conduct, finding of professional misconduct in another jurisdiction, and sexual abuse.
- Nurses, employers, facility operators, and other individuals working with nurses are required to report instances where a nurse poses a serious risk of harm to patients, is suspected of sexual abuse, is incompetent in their care, is incapacitated by a physical or mental condition, is terminated or resigns under investigation, or has had their privileges revoked or restricted.
- Sexual abuse of a patient by a nurse is defined as having physical sexual relations with a patient, touching a patient in a sexual manner when not required, behaving in a sexual manner toward a patient, or making remarks of a sexual nature to a patient.
- Nurses have legal responsibilities to maintain the confidentiality and privacy of client health information, including practices related to personal health information, knowledge consent, substitute decision-makers, clients' rights to access and amend their health information, and the potential for harm in disclosure without consent.
- Regulatory law in nursing is established to protect the public/patients' rights, set legal boundaries of the job, protect nurses from liability, and govern standards of care and nursing practice acts.
- The Regulated Health Professions Statute Law Amendment Act, 2009 expands the services of regulated health care professionals, improves patient safety, and strengthens the health care system by requiring health colleges to work together, making team-based care a key component, and creating a process to ensure new drug prescribing powers are used safely.
- Canadian law is divided into two main categories: public law, which is concerned with relations between individuals and the state, and private law, which is concerned with disputes between individuals.
- A tort is a civil wrong committed against a person or property, and is classified as intentional.
Explore the rich history of nursing in Week 1 of this course. Gain critical insights into the meaning and implications of nursing through experiential learning. Reflect on the current healthcare system and its connection to nursing. Understand the importance of researching the nursing discipline and profession. Discover the significance of knowing nursing roots for developing a professional identity and promoting cohesion within the nursing community.
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