Nursing: Growth and Development

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary purpose of studying growth and development in nursing?

To understand the importance of growth and development in children

To understand the importance of growth and development in adults only

To better understand the reasons for specific conditions and illnesses at various age groups (correct)

To learn how to measure growth and development quantitatively

What is the main difference between growth and development?

Growth is a rapid process, while development is a slow process

Growth is a qualitative measure, while development is a quantitative measure

Growth is a quantitative measure, while development is a qualitative measure (correct)

Growth refers to physical changes, while development refers to emotional changes

What is a fundamental principle of growth and development?

Growth and development are continuous processes (correct)

Growth and development only occur in childhood

Growth and development progress at the same rate

Growth and development are rapid processes

What is the role of health personnel in teaching mothers about growth and development?

To help mothers understand how to use knowledge of growth and development to achieve optimal growth and development in their children Signup and view all the answers

What is true about the sequence of growth and development?

The sequence of growth and development is predictable and universal Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of formulating a plan for total care in nursing?

To outline a plan for optimal care that is tailored to the individual's needs Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of crying in a newborn?

To get adults' attention Signup and view all the answers

What is the score range for a newborn that usually needs no treatment?

7-10 Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical heart rate of a newborn during the initial stage of the first period of reactivity?

160-180 beats/min Signup and view all the answers

What occurs during the second stage of the first period of reactivity?

The newborn's heart and respiratory rates decrease Signup and view all the answers

When does the second period of reactivity typically begin?

When the newborn awakens from deep sleep Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the Apgar scoring system?

To evaluate cardiopulmonary function Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of measuring the popliteal angle?

To assess the degree of knee flexion Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of the skin at birth?

Bright red and puffy Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of vernix caseosa?

To protect the skin from infection Signup and view all the answers

What is the normal range of the popliteal angle?

Less than 90 degrees Signup and view all the answers

What is the scarf sign used to determine?

The location of the elbow in relation to the midline Signup and view all the answers

What happens to vernix caseosa within 24-48 hours?

It dries off and fades spontaneously Signup and view all the answers

What is the duration of the fetal period?

From 8 weeks to birth Signup and view all the answers

What is the age range for the pre-school stage?

From 3 – 5 years of age Signup and view all the answers

During which stage does the individual lose 5% to 10% of their weight?

Newborn stage Signup and view all the answers

What is the average length of a newborn boy?

50 cm Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical gain in weight for a newborn in the first month?

150/210 g weekly Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of the total body length is the head of a newborn?

1/4 Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the gagging reflex in neonates?

To prevent choking Signup and view all the answers

At what week of pregnancy does the sucking reflex start to develop?

32nd week Signup and view all the answers

What happens when a baby's head is turned to one side during the tonic neck reflex?

The arm on that side stretches out and the opposite arm bends up at the elbow Signup and view all the answers

What triggers the Moro reflex in a baby?

A loud sound or sudden movement Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the rooting reflex in neonates?

To help the baby find the breast or bottle to start feeding Signup and view all the answers

How long does the rooting reflex typically last in a baby?

About 4 months Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Human Development Stages

Fetal period: 8 weeks to birth (40-42 weeks of gestation)
Infancy period:
- Newborn age: First 24 hours
- Neonatal stage: From birth to 4 weeks (28 days)
- Infancy stage: From 1-12 months of age
Early Childhood:
- Toddler: From 1-3 years of age
- Pre-school: From 3-5 years of age
Middle Childhood:
- School age period: From 6-12 years of age
Late Childhood:
- Prepubertal: 10-13 years old
- Adolescence: 13-approximately 18 years old

Newborn Characteristics

Weight: 2.7-4 kg, losing 5-10% in the first 3-4 days
Length: Average boy's length is 50 cm, girl's is 49 cm (normal range: 48-53 cm)
Head circumference: 33-35.5 cm, may be smaller immediately after birth due to molding
Creases on the anterior two-thirds of the sole, and the sole is usually flat

Neonatal Reflexes

Protective reflexes:
- Blinking reflex: aroused by light
- Coughing and sneezing: to clear the respiratory tract
- Gagging: to prevent choking
Feeding reflexes:
- Rooting reflex: helps the baby find the breast or bottle to start feeding
- Sucking reflex: occurs when the roof of the baby's mouth is touched
- Swallowing reflex: follows sucking reflex
Moro reflex: a startle reflex that occurs in response to a loud sound or movement
Tonic neck reflex: when the baby's head is turned to one side, the arm on that side stretches out

Importance of Studying Growth and Development

Knowing what growth and development would be expected from the child and adult at any given age
Understanding the reason for particular conditions and illnesses that occur in various age groups
Formulating the plan for total care
Teaching mothers how to use such knowledge in achieving their children's optimal growth and development

Concepts of Growth and Development

Growth: an increase in physical size of the whole body or any of its parts
Development: a progressive increase in skill and capacity of function through maturation and learning

Principles of Growth and Development

Continuous processes
Predictable sequence, as all human beings go through the same stages
Different rates of growth and development

Apgar Score

Apgar score is 10, which indicates the state of cardiopulmonary function
Scores 4 or less indicate the child needs oxygen
Scores 7-10 indicate the child usually needs no treatment

Periods of Reactivity

First period of reactivity (6-8 hours)
- Initial stage (30 minutes): The newborn is very alert and cries vigorously
- Second stage (2-4 hours): The newborn is in a state of sleep and relative calm
Second period of reactivity (2-5 hours)
- Begins when the newborn awakes from the deep sleep
- Observe rapidity and intensity of recoil to a state of flexion

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Description

Test your knowledge of growth and development in pediatric and adult care. This quiz covers the importance of understanding developmental stages in nursing practice, including formulating care plans and understanding health conditions at different ages.