Nursing Fundamentals Quiz

Medication Administration

• Definition: The process of giving medications to patients in a safe and effective manner.
• Rights of Medication Administration:
  • Right patient
  • Right medication
  • Right dose
  • Right route
  • Right time
  • Right documentation
• Steps of Medication Administration:
  1. Verify the medication order
  2. Prepare the medication
  3. Administer the medication
  4. Document the administration
• Common Medication Administration Errors:
  • Omission
  • Commission
  • Unauthorized
  • Wrong dose
  • Wrong route
  • Wrong time
• Strategies to Prevent Medication Errors:
  • Use barcode scanning
  • Implement a "no interruption" zone
  • Use a "buddy" system
  • Conduct regular medication audits

Vital Signs Assessment

• Definition: The process of measuring and recording a patient's basic physiological functions.
• Vital Signs:
  • Temperature
  • Pulse
  • Blood Pressure
  • Respiratory Rate
  • Oxygen Saturation
• Normal Vital Sign Ranges:
  • Temperature: 36.5-37.5°C (97.7-99.5°F)
  • Pulse: 60-100 beats per minute
  • Blood Pressure: 90-120 mmHg systolic, 60-80 mmHg diastolic
  • Respiratory Rate: 12-20 breaths per minute
  • Oxygen Saturation: 95-100%
• Importance of Vital Signs Assessment:
  • Identifies changes in patient's condition
  • Monitors response to treatment
  • Detects potential complications
  • Guides nursing interventions

Wound Care

• Definition: The process of promoting wound healing and preventing complications.
• Wound Healing Stages:
  1. Inflammation
  2. Debridement
  3. Proliferation
  4. Remodeling
• Wound Care Principles:
  • Keep the wound clean and moist
  • Promote a warm and moist environment
  • Manage pain and discomfort
  • Monitor for signs of infection
• Wound Care Interventions:
  • Debridement
  • Dressing changes
  • Wound cleansing
  • Topical treatments
  • Pain management

Patient Communication

• Definition: The process of exchanging information and ideas with patients to promote health and well-being.
• Effective Communication Skills:
  • Active listening
  • Verbal and nonverbal communication
  • Empathy and compassion
  • Clarity and simplicity
  • Cultural sensitivity
• Barriers to Effective Communication:
  • Language barriers
  • Sensory impairments
  • Cognitive impairments
  • Emotional barriers
  • Environmental distractions
• Strategies to Improve Patient Communication:
  • Use plain language
  • Avoid jargon and technical terms
  • Use visual aids and written materials
  • Encourage patient participation
  • Provide emotional support

Infection Control

• Definition: The process of preventing and controlling the spread of infections in healthcare settings.
• Types of Infections:
  • Hospital-acquired infections (HAIs)
  • Community-acquired infections
  • Surgical site infections (SSIs)
  • Central line-associated bloodstream infections (CLABSIs)
  • Catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CAUTIs)
• Infection Control Measures:
  • Hand hygiene
  • Personal protective equipment (PPE)
  • Isolation precautions
  • Sterilization and disinfection
  • Vaccination and immunization
• Strategies to Prevent Infection Transmission:
  • Implement proper hand hygiene practices
  • Use proper PPE
  • Clean and disinfect surfaces and equipment
  • Follow proper isolation precautions
  • Monitor for signs of infection