Nursing Fundamentals Quiz

Hygiene and Self-Care

• Assess hygiene practices and self-care behaviors using interviews and physical assessments (skin, oral cavity, hair, nails).
• Assist patients with hygiene measures, including various bath types and body part cleaning.

Body Alignment, Mobility, and Activity

• Assess body alignment, mobility, and activity tolerance using interviews and assessments.
• Utilize safe patient handling, mobility techniques, and equipment for positioning, moving, lifting, and ambulating patients.
• Understand exercise and immobility effects on body systems.

Critical Thinking and the Nursing Process

• Describe critical thinking, clinical reasoning, and clinical judgment.
• Explain the nursing process and its impact on patient care.
• Identify, prioritize, and develop interventions for patient problems with rationales.
• Describe the importance of nursing professionalism.

Vital Signs and Assessment

• Describe each vital sign modality and assessment methods.
• Identify sites for temperature, respiratory rate, pulse, blood pressure, and pulse oximetry assessment.
• Know normal ranges for vital signs and pulse oximetry.
• Identify interventions for abnormal findings.
• Understand the diagnostic and clinical significance of blood glucose test results.

Medication Administration

• Calculate dosages accurately using appropriate methods (desired/have, dimensional analysis, ratio/proportion).
• Effectively read medication labels and understand medication orders (Right drug, dose, route, time, frequency).
• Describe medication administration principles for various routes (oral, topical, inhalation, rectal, vaginal, ear and eye drops/ointment, IM, SC, ID).
• Use the nursing process for safe medication administration.
• Develop patient-specific teaching points for medication administration.
• Understand the Situation, Background, Assessment, and Recommendation (SBAR) model.

Patient Safety and Health Teaching

• Describe health-teaching interventions to promote safety for different developmental stages.
• Identify safety devices (side rails, bed locks, restraints, fire safety, incident reports, disaster response).
• Discuss strategies to decrease home safety risks (oxygen, fire, falls).

Documentation and Confidentiality

• Understand the nursing documentation process.
• Identify steps in a head-to-toe assessment, including inspection, palpation, and auscultation.
• Describe expected terminology related to assessments.
• Protect patient confidentiality.
• Describe electronic health records (EHRs), benefits, and confidentiality measures.

Interdisciplinary Collaboration and Delegation

• Use ISBARR with the interdisciplinary team.
• Identify when to use incident reports and include relevant personnel.
• Describe the nurse's responsibilities when delegating.
• Describe the nurse's role in admission, transfer, and discharge processes.

Patient Education and Client Factors

• Describe client education factors that influence adherence to therapeutic plans.
• Describe elements of appropriate documentation.
• Identify ways to incorporate therapeutic communication.

Nutrition and Malnutrition

• Identify signs of malnutrition.
• Describe benefits of specific vitamins and minerals.
• Identify diets appropriate for various patient populations.

Wound Care and Pressure Injuries

• Discuss wound healing processes.
• Describe wound debridement types and wound irrigation procedures.
• Describe the process of staging pressure injuries.
• Identify factors affecting wound healing.
• Describe wound healing modalities (wound vacs, dressings).

Gastric Tubes

• Describe nasogastric tube (NG) insertion, care, and use.
• Explain locations and reasons for placing gastric tubes (enteral feeds, stomach decompression).
• Describe priority actions during NG feeding.

Hand Hygiene and Asepsis

• Identify situations requiring hand hygiene.
• Differentiate between medical and surgical asepsis.
• Describe the donning/doffing of PPE.

Additional Key Concepts

• Medication errors (prevention, reporting.)