Podcast
Questions and Answers
What defines a nurse's scope of practice?
What defines a nurse's scope of practice?
State nurse practice act (NPA)
Match the ethical principle with its definition:
Match the ethical principle with its definition:
Beneficence = Doing good Nonmaleficence = Do no harm Justice = Be fair and impartial Fidelity = Faithfulness Veracity = Truthfulness
Match the medical instrument with its primary use:
Match the medical instrument with its primary use:
Sphygmomanometer = Measure blood pressure Otoscope = Examine the ear Ophthalmoscope = Examine the eyes
Those who have been traumatized are at risk for _____
Those who have been traumatized are at risk for _____
What are the 4 steps of Trauma Informed Care (TIC)?
What are the 4 steps of Trauma Informed Care (TIC)?
The more trauma that you experience, the _____ your health outcomes are likely to be.
The more trauma that you experience, the _____ your health outcomes are likely to be.
What are the 5 principles of Trauma Informed Care (TIC)?
What are the 5 principles of Trauma Informed Care (TIC)?
What does the CAPPD technique, used during Trauma Informed Care, stand for?
What does the CAPPD technique, used during Trauma Informed Care, stand for?
What is the gold standard of pain assessment?
What is the gold standard of pain assessment?
What are the two main processes by which pathological pain develops?
What are the two main processes by which pathological pain develops?
What is the primary function of the breasts?
What is the primary function of the breasts?
Describe the basic structure of the breasts.
Describe the basic structure of the breasts.
Indicate whether the following breast structures are internal or external:
Indicate whether the following breast structures are internal or external:
What is a supernumerary nipple?
What is a supernumerary nipple?
What is the Tail of Spence?
What is the Tail of Spence?
How many quadrants is the breast typically divided into for examination purposes?
How many quadrants is the breast typically divided into for examination purposes?
What are the 4 major groups of axillary lymph nodes relevant to breast examination?
What are the 4 major groups of axillary lymph nodes relevant to breast examination?
What are the typical characteristics of infected lymph nodes?
What are the typical characteristics of infected lymph nodes?
What is gynecomastia?
What is gynecomastia?
When is gynecomastia most commonly observed?
When is gynecomastia most commonly observed?
What hormonal imbalance can lead to gynecomastia?
What hormonal imbalance can lead to gynecomastia?
What is an important question to ask a patient regarding their menstrual cycle before performing a breast exam?
What is an important question to ask a patient regarding their menstrual cycle before performing a breast exam?
What is a common age-related change observed in the breasts of older adults?
What is a common age-related change observed in the breasts of older adults?
True or False: A fine blue vascular network visible on the breasts is usually considered abnormal.
True or False: A fine blue vascular network visible on the breasts is usually considered abnormal.
True or False: Unilateral dilated superficial veins on the breasts are considered a normal finding.
True or False: Unilateral dilated superficial veins on the breasts are considered a normal finding.
What might bulging, discoloration, or edema in lymphatic drainage areas (like the axilla or supraclavicular region) indicate?
What might bulging, discoloration, or edema in lymphatic drainage areas (like the axilla or supraclavicular region) indicate?
What might nipple deviation, recent nipple retraction, or spontaneous nipple discharge/bleeding signify?
What might nipple deviation, recent nipple retraction, or spontaneous nipple discharge/bleeding signify?
What are the two maneuvers used to inspect the breasts for retraction and dimpling?
What are the two maneuvers used to inspect the breasts for retraction and dimpling?
True or False: Dimpling or retraction observed on the breast is considered a normal variation.
True or False: Dimpling or retraction observed on the breast is considered a normal variation.
What might restricted movement of one breast imply when a client bends over?
What might restricted movement of one breast imply when a client bends over?
Describe the recommended technique for breast palpation during an examination.
Describe the recommended technique for breast palpation during an examination.
What position should a client be in during breast palpation?
What position should a client be in during breast palpation?
In which population might the breasts feel more granular upon palpation, potentially with a thicker inframammary ridge?
In which population might the breasts feel more granular upon palpation, potentially with a thicker inframammary ridge?
When during the menstrual cycle might a patient's breasts likely be more tender?
When during the menstrual cycle might a patient's breasts likely be more tender?
If a breast mass is detected during an examination, what is the appropriate next step?
If a breast mass is detected during an examination, what is the appropriate next step?
In which quadrant of the breast are malignant masses or tumors most commonly found?
In which quadrant of the breast are malignant masses or tumors most commonly found?
Name four types of abnormal breast masses mentioned (excluding cancer).
Name four types of abnormal breast masses mentioned (excluding cancer).
Which benign breast mass is typically described as solid, firm, rubbery, elastic, nontender, round or oval, with clear margins, and mobile?
Which benign breast mass is typically described as solid, firm, rubbery, elastic, nontender, round or oval, with clear margins, and mobile?
Which condition often presents with multiple tender masses, cyclic swelling and tenderness, nodularity, dominant lumps, and possibly nipple discharge?
Which condition often presents with multiple tender masses, cyclic swelling and tenderness, nodularity, dominant lumps, and possibly nipple discharge?
What is a localized collection of pus in the breast tissue called, often occurring in lactating mothers due to a clogged duct?
What is a localized collection of pus in the breast tissue called, often occurring in lactating mothers due to a clogged duct?
What are discrete benign tumors arising in papillary ducts, often associated with a palpable nodule and possible serous or serosanguineous discharge, commonly found in women aged 40-60?
What are discrete benign tumors arising in papillary ducts, often associated with a palpable nodule and possible serous or serosanguineous discharge, commonly found in women aged 40-60?
What is physiologic nipple discharge?
What is physiologic nipple discharge?
What is pathologic nipple discharge?
What is pathologic nipple discharge?
If a male patient presents with a palpable lump during a breast inspection, what should the nurse do?
If a male patient presents with a palpable lump during a breast inspection, what should the nurse do?
What is a mastectomy?
What is a mastectomy?
When is the best time for a premenopausal person to perform a breast self-exam (BSE)?
When is the best time for a premenopausal person to perform a breast self-exam (BSE)?
What are some expected changes in the breasts of aging females?
What are some expected changes in the breasts of aging females?
List several non-modifiable risk factors for breast cancer.
List several non-modifiable risk factors for breast cancer.
List several modifiable risk factors for breast cancer.
List several modifiable risk factors for breast cancer.
What are the two primary functions of the genitourinary (GU) system?
What are the two primary functions of the genitourinary (GU) system?
Indicate whether the following female genital structures are primarily internal or external:
Indicate whether the following female genital structures are primarily internal or external:
What is the function of the Skene glands?
What is the function of the Skene glands?
What is the function of the Bartholin glands?
What is the function of the Bartholin glands?
Why might the external genitalia of a newborn female appear engorged?
Why might the external genitalia of a newborn female appear engorged?
What is menarche?
What is menarche?
What is the approximate median age of menarche in the USA?
What is the approximate median age of menarche in the USA?
What is Tanner staging used to assess?
What is Tanner staging used to assess?
What are typically the first visible signs of puberty in adolescent females?
What are typically the first visible signs of puberty in adolescent females?
Around what age range does menopause typically occur?
Around what age range does menopause typically occur?
Vaginal dryness, painful intercourse (dyspareunia), increased risk of infections, and urinary incontinence are common concerns in which female population group?
Vaginal dryness, painful intercourse (dyspareunia), increased risk of infections, and urinary incontinence are common concerns in which female population group?
True or False: Menarche typically occurs later in underdeveloped countries compared to the USA.
True or False: Menarche typically occurs later in underdeveloped countries compared to the USA.
What is preeclampsia?
What is preeclampsia?
What health conditions are noted as being common comorbidities in women with Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities (IDD)?
What health conditions are noted as being common comorbidities in women with Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities (IDD)?
Which patient population may experience menopause earlier than the general population?
Which patient population may experience menopause earlier than the general population?
What might postmenopausal bleeding (vaginal bleeding occurring after menopause has been established) indicate?
What might postmenopausal bleeding (vaginal bleeding occurring after menopause has been established) indicate?
What condition is characterized by the downward displacement of the uterus into the vagina, potentially becoming visible externally?
What condition is characterized by the downward displacement of the uterus into the vagina, potentially becoming visible externally?
What should a patient ideally do prior to a pelvic (GU) examination to enhance comfort and facilitate the exam?
What should a patient ideally do prior to a pelvic (GU) examination to enhance comfort and facilitate the exam?
True or False: The Bartholin glands are normally palpable during a pelvic exam.
True or False: The Bartholin glands are normally palpable during a pelvic exam.
What is the medical term for painful sexual intercourse?
What is the medical term for painful sexual intercourse?
What defines a nurse's scope of practice?
What defines a nurse's scope of practice?
What is the definition of beneficence in healthcare ethics?
What is the definition of beneficence in healthcare ethics?
What is the definition of nonmaleficence in healthcare ethics?
What is the definition of nonmaleficence in healthcare ethics?
What is the definition of justice in healthcare ethics?
What is the definition of justice in healthcare ethics?
What is the definition of fidelity in healthcare ethics?
What is the definition of fidelity in healthcare ethics?
What is the definition of veracity in healthcare ethics?
What is the definition of veracity in healthcare ethics?
What is a sphygmomanometer?
What is a sphygmomanometer?
What is an otoscope used for?
What is an otoscope used for?
What is an ophthalmoscope used for?
What is an ophthalmoscope used for?
Those who have been traumatized are at risk for _____.
Those who have been traumatized are at risk for _____.
What are the 4 steps (the 4 R's) of Trauma-Informed Care (TIC)?
What are the 4 steps (the 4 R's) of Trauma-Informed Care (TIC)?
The more trauma that you experience, the _____ your health outcomes are likely to be.
The more trauma that you experience, the _____ your health outcomes are likely to be.
What are the 5 principles of Trauma-Informed Care (TIC)?
What are the 5 principles of Trauma-Informed Care (TIC)?
What does the CAPPD technique, used during Trauma-Informed Care, stand for?
What does the CAPPD technique, used during Trauma-Informed Care, stand for?
What is considered the gold standard for pain assessment?
What is considered the gold standard for pain assessment?
What are the two main processes by which pathological pain develops?
What are the two main processes by which pathological pain develops?
What is the primary function of the breasts?
What is the primary function of the breasts?
How are the breasts structurally described?
How are the breasts structurally described?
The nipple is an internal structure of the breast.
The nipple is an internal structure of the breast.
The areola is an internal structure of the breast.
The areola is an internal structure of the breast.
The Montgomery glands are internal structures of the breast.
The Montgomery glands are internal structures of the breast.
The granular tissue of the breast is an external structure.
The granular tissue of the breast is an external structure.
The fibrous tissue of the breast is an external structure.
The fibrous tissue of the breast is an external structure.
The fatty tissue of the breast is an external structure.
The fatty tissue of the breast is an external structure.
What is a supernumerary nipple?
What is a supernumerary nipple?
What is the Tail of Spence?
What is the Tail of Spence?
How many quadrants is the breast typically divided into for examination purposes?
How many quadrants is the breast typically divided into for examination purposes?
What are the 4 major groups of axillary lymph nodes relevant to breast examination?
What are the 4 major groups of axillary lymph nodes relevant to breast examination?
What are the typical characteristics of infected lymph nodes?
What are the typical characteristics of infected lymph nodes?
What is gynecomastia?
What is gynecomastia?
When is gynecomastia most commonly observed?
When is gynecomastia most commonly observed?
What hormonal imbalance could gynecomastia be a result of?
What hormonal imbalance could gynecomastia be a result of?
What is an important question related to timing to ask a patient before performing a breast exam?
What is an important question related to timing to ask a patient before performing a breast exam?
What is a typical consideration regarding breast changes in older adults?
What is a typical consideration regarding breast changes in older adults?
A fine blue vascular network visible on the breasts is considered abnormal.
A fine blue vascular network visible on the breasts is considered abnormal.
Unilateral dilated superficial veins on the breasts are considered a normal finding.
Unilateral dilated superficial veins on the breasts are considered a normal finding.
What might bulging, discoloration, or edema in lymphatic drainage areas (like the axilla or supraclavicular region) indicate?
What might bulging, discoloration, or edema in lymphatic drainage areas (like the axilla or supraclavicular region) indicate?
What might deviation in nipple pointing, recent nipple retraction, discharge, or bleeding from the nipples suggest?
What might deviation in nipple pointing, recent nipple retraction, discharge, or bleeding from the nipples suggest?
What two maneuvers can help inspect for retraction and dimpling of the breast?
What two maneuvers can help inspect for retraction and dimpling of the breast?
Dimpling or retraction of the breast skin is considered a normal finding.
Dimpling or retraction of the breast skin is considered a normal finding.
What does restricted movement of one breast when a client bends over imply?
What does restricted movement of one breast when a client bends over imply?
Describe the recommended technique for breast palpation.
Describe the recommended technique for breast palpation.
What position should a client be in for breast palpation?
What position should a client be in for breast palpation?
Which population group might have breasts that feel more granular and possess a thicker inframammary ridge during palpation?
Which population group might have breasts that feel more granular and possess a thicker inframammary ridge during palpation?
When might a patient's breasts normally be more tender to palpation?
When might a patient's breasts normally be more tender to palpation?
If a breast mass is detected during an examination, what action should be taken?
If a breast mass is detected during an examination, what action should be taken?
Where are malignant breast masses or tumors most commonly found?
Where are malignant breast masses or tumors most commonly found?
Name four types of abnormal findings that can present as breast masses.
Name four types of abnormal findings that can present as breast masses.
What type of benign breast mass is typically described as solid, firm, rubbery, elastic, nontender, round or oval, clearly defined, and mobile?
What type of benign breast mass is typically described as solid, firm, rubbery, elastic, nontender, round or oval, clearly defined, and mobile?
What condition is characterized by multiple tender masses, swelling, tenderness, nodularity, dominant lumps, possible nipple discharge, and inflammation?
What condition is characterized by multiple tender masses, swelling, tenderness, nodularity, dominant lumps, possible nipple discharge, and inflammation?
Which abnormal breast condition involving a mass is most common in lactating mothers?
Which abnormal breast condition involving a mass is most common in lactating mothers?
What condition involves discrete benign tumors in papillary ducts, often presenting as a palpable nodule near the nipple and potentially causing serous or serosanguineous discharge?
What condition involves discrete benign tumors in papillary ducts, often presenting as a palpable nodule near the nipple and potentially causing serous or serosanguineous discharge?
What is a breast abscess?
What is a breast abscess?
Intraductal papillomas are most common in which age group of women?
Intraductal papillomas are most common in which age group of women?
What is physiologic nipple discharge?
What is physiologic nipple discharge?
What is pathologic nipple discharge?
What is pathologic nipple discharge?
Which type of nipple discharge is considered normal?
Which type of nipple discharge is considered normal?
Which type of nipple discharge is considered potentially abnormal and requires investigation?
Which type of nipple discharge is considered potentially abnormal and requires investigation?
If a lump is found during inspection or palpation of a male breast, what should the nurse do?
If a lump is found during inspection or palpation of a male breast, what should the nurse do?
What is a mastectomy?
What is a mastectomy?
When is the best time for a premenopausal woman to perform a breast self-exam (BSE)?
When is the best time for a premenopausal woman to perform a breast self-exam (BSE)?
What are expected changes in aging female breasts?
What are expected changes in aging female breasts?
List some non-modifiable risk factors for breast cancer.
List some non-modifiable risk factors for breast cancer.
List some modifiable risk factors for breast cancer.
List some modifiable risk factors for breast cancer.
What bodily functions is the genitourinary system responsible for?
What bodily functions is the genitourinary system responsible for?
The mons pubis is an internal female genital structure.
The mons pubis is an internal female genital structure.
The labia majora are internal female genital structures.
The labia majora are internal female genital structures.
The labia minora are internal female genital structures.
The labia minora are internal female genital structures.
The frenulum (posterior fourchette) is an internal female genital structure.
The frenulum (posterior fourchette) is an internal female genital structure.
The clitoris is an internal female genital structure.
The clitoris is an internal female genital structure.
The Skene glands are internal female genital structures.
The Skene glands are internal female genital structures.
The vaginal orifice is an internal female genital structure.
The vaginal orifice is an internal female genital structure.
The hymen is an internal female genital structure.
The hymen is an internal female genital structure.
The Bartholin glands are internal female genital structures.
The Bartholin glands are internal female genital structures.
What is the function of the Skene glands?
What is the function of the Skene glands?
What is the function of the Bartholin glands?
What is the function of the Bartholin glands?
The vagina is an external female genital structure.
The vagina is an external female genital structure.
The cervix is an external female genital structure.
The cervix is an external female genital structure.
The squamocolumnar junction is an external female genital structure.
The squamocolumnar junction is an external female genital structure.
The anterior fornix is an external female genital structure.
The anterior fornix is an external female genital structure.
The posterior fornix is an external female genital structure.
The posterior fornix is an external female genital structure.
The uterus is an external female genital structure.
The uterus is an external female genital structure.
The fallopian tubes are external female genital structures.
The fallopian tubes are external female genital structures.
The ovaries are external female genital structures.
The ovaries are external female genital structures.
When might female external genitalia appear normally engorged, and why?
When might female external genitalia appear normally engorged, and why?
What is menarche?
What is menarche?
What is the approximate median age of menarche in the US?
What is the approximate median age of menarche in the US?
What is Tanner staging used for?
What is Tanner staging used for?
What are typically the first visible signs of puberty in adolescent females?
What are typically the first visible signs of puberty in adolescent females?
Around what age range does menopause typically occur?
Around what age range does menopause typically occur?
Vaginal dryness, painful intercourse (dyspareunia), increased risk of infections, and urinary incontinence are common genitourinary complaints in which population group?
Vaginal dryness, painful intercourse (dyspareunia), increased risk of infections, and urinary incontinence are common genitourinary complaints in which population group?
Compared to developed countries like the USA, does menarche tend to occur earlier or later in underdeveloped countries?
Compared to developed countries like the USA, does menarche tend to occur earlier or later in underdeveloped countries?
What is preeclampsia?
What is preeclampsia?
What conditions are commonly associated with women who have Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities (IDD)?
What conditions are commonly associated with women who have Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities (IDD)?
Which patient population mentioned tends to start menopause earlier than the general population?
Which patient population mentioned tends to start menopause earlier than the general population?
What might vaginal bleeding after menopause indicate?
What might vaginal bleeding after menopause indicate?
What condition involves the downward displacement of the uterus into the vagina, sometimes to the point where the uterus is visible externally?
What condition involves the downward displacement of the uterus into the vagina, sometimes to the point where the uterus is visible externally?
What should be done prior to a female genitourinary (GU) examination to enhance patient comfort and improve the assessment?
What should be done prior to a female genitourinary (GU) examination to enhance patient comfort and improve the assessment?
Normally, the Bartholin glands are easily palpable during an examination.
Normally, the Bartholin glands are easily palpable during an examination.
What is dyspareunia?
What is dyspareunia?
What defines a nurse's scope of practice?
What defines a nurse's scope of practice?
Define Beneficence in the context of nursing ethics.
Define Beneficence in the context of nursing ethics.
Define Nonmaleficence in the context of nursing ethics.
Define Nonmaleficence in the context of nursing ethics.
Define Justice in the context of nursing ethics.
Define Justice in the context of nursing ethics.
Define Fidelity in the context of nursing ethics.
Define Fidelity in the context of nursing ethics.
Define Veracity in the context of nursing ethics.
Define Veracity in the context of nursing ethics.
What is a sphygmomanometer used for?
What is a sphygmomanometer used for?
What is an otoscope used for?
What is an otoscope used for?
What is an ophthalmoscope used for?
What is an ophthalmoscope used for?
What specific risk do individuals who have been traumatized face?
What specific risk do individuals who have been traumatized face?
What are the 4 steps or core principles of Trauma-Informed Care (TIC)?
What are the 4 steps or core principles of Trauma-Informed Care (TIC)?
How does the amount of trauma experienced typically affect health outcomes?
How does the amount of trauma experienced typically affect health outcomes?
What are the 5 guiding principles of Trauma-Informed Care (TIC)?
What are the 5 guiding principles of Trauma-Informed Care (TIC)?
What is the CAPPD technique used during Trauma-Informed Care (TIC)?
What is the CAPPD technique used during Trauma-Informed Care (TIC)?
What is considered the gold standard for pain assessment?
What is considered the gold standard for pain assessment?
What are the two main processes by which pathological pain develops?
What are the two main processes by which pathological pain develops?
What is the primary function of the breasts?
What is the primary function of the breasts?
Describe the basic structure of the breasts.
Describe the basic structure of the breasts.
Is the nipple an internal or external structure of the breast?
Is the nipple an internal or external structure of the breast?
Is the areola an internal or external structure of the breast?
Is the areola an internal or external structure of the breast?
Are the Montgomery glands internal or external structures of the breast?
Are the Montgomery glands internal or external structures of the breast?
Is glandular tissue of the breast internal or external?
Is glandular tissue of the breast internal or external?
Is fibrous tissue of the breasts internal or external?
Is fibrous tissue of the breasts internal or external?
Is fatty tissue of the breasts internal or external?
Is fatty tissue of the breasts internal or external?
What is a supernumerary nipple?
What is a supernumerary nipple?
What is the tail of Spence?
What is the tail of Spence?
For examination purposes, how many quadrants is the breast typically divided into?
For examination purposes, how many quadrants is the breast typically divided into?
What are the 4 major groups of axillary lymph nodes relevant to breast examination?
What are the 4 major groups of axillary lymph nodes relevant to breast examination?
What are the typical characteristics of infected lymph nodes?
What are the typical characteristics of infected lymph nodes?
What is gynecomastia?
What is gynecomastia?
When is gynecomastia most commonly observed?
When is gynecomastia most commonly observed?
What hormonal imbalance can lead to gynecomastia?
What hormonal imbalance can lead to gynecomastia?
What is an important question to ask a patient regarding their menstrual cycle before performing a breast exam?
What is an important question to ask a patient regarding their menstrual cycle before performing a breast exam?
What is a common consideration regarding the breasts in older adults?
What is a common consideration regarding the breasts in older adults?
Is the presence of a fine blue vascular network on the breasts considered normal or abnormal?
Is the presence of a fine blue vascular network on the breasts considered normal or abnormal?
Is the presence of unilateral dilated superficial veins on the breasts considered normal or abnormal?
Is the presence of unilateral dilated superficial veins on the breasts considered normal or abnormal?
What might bulging, discoloration, or edema in lymphatic drainage areas (like the axilla or supraclavicular region) indicate?
What might bulging, discoloration, or edema in lymphatic drainage areas (like the axilla or supraclavicular region) indicate?
What might deviation in nipple pointing, recent nipple retraction, or nipple discharge/bleeding signify?
What might deviation in nipple pointing, recent nipple retraction, or nipple discharge/bleeding signify?
Describe the two maneuvers used to inspect the breasts for retraction and dimpling.
Describe the two maneuvers used to inspect the breasts for retraction and dimpling.
Is dimpling or retraction of the breasts considered normal or abnormal?
Is dimpling or retraction of the breasts considered normal or abnormal?
What does restricted movement of one breast when a client bends over potentially imply?
What does restricted movement of one breast when a client bends over potentially imply?
How should the breasts be palpated during an examination?
How should the breasts be palpated during an examination?
What position should a client be in when their breasts are being palpated?
What position should a client be in when their breasts are being palpated?
Which patient population might have breasts that feel more granular upon palpation and possess a thicker inframammary ridge?
Which patient population might have breasts that feel more granular upon palpation and possess a thicker inframammary ridge?
When might a patient's breasts normally feel more tender?
When might a patient's breasts normally feel more tender?
If a breast mass is detected during an examination, what should be the next step?
If a breast mass is detected during an examination, what should be the next step?
In which quadrant of the breast are malignant masses or tumors most commonly found?
In which quadrant of the breast are malignant masses or tumors most commonly found?
What are four types of abnormal breast masses mentioned?
What are four types of abnormal breast masses mentioned?
Describe the typical characteristics of a fibroadenoma.
Describe the typical characteristics of a fibroadenoma.
Describe the common findings associated with benign fibrocystic breast disease.
Describe the common findings associated with benign fibrocystic breast disease.
Which abnormal breast condition, characterized by a localized collection of pus, is most common in lactating mothers?
Which abnormal breast condition, characterized by a localized collection of pus, is most common in lactating mothers?
What is an intraductal papilloma?
What is an intraductal papilloma?
What is a breast abscess?
What is a breast abscess?
In which age group of women is intraductal papilloma most commonly found?
In which age group of women is intraductal papilloma most commonly found?
What characterizes physiologic nipple discharge?
What characterizes physiologic nipple discharge?
What characterizes pathologic nipple discharge?
What characterizes pathologic nipple discharge?
Which type of nipple discharge is considered normal: physiologic or pathologic?
Which type of nipple discharge is considered normal: physiologic or pathologic?
Which type of nipple discharge is considered abnormal and requires further investigation: physiologic or pathologic?
Which type of nipple discharge is considered abnormal and requires further investigation: physiologic or pathologic?
If a lump is found upon inspection of a male breast, what should the nurse do?
If a lump is found upon inspection of a male breast, what should the nurse do?
What is a mastectomy?
What is a mastectomy?
When is the best time for a woman to perform a breast self-exam (BSE)?
When is the best time for a woman to perform a breast self-exam (BSE)?
What are the expected changes in aging female breasts?
What are the expected changes in aging female breasts?
List some non-modifiable risk factors for breast cancer.
List some non-modifiable risk factors for breast cancer.
List some modifiable risk factors for breast cancer.
List some modifiable risk factors for breast cancer.
What are the two main functions of the genitourinary system?
What are the two main functions of the genitourinary system?
Is the mons pubis part of the internal or external female genitalia?
Is the mons pubis part of the internal or external female genitalia?
Is the labia majora part of the internal or external female genitalia?
Is the labia majora part of the internal or external female genitalia?
Is the labia minora part of the internal or external female genitalia?
Is the labia minora part of the internal or external female genitalia?
Is the frenulum (posterior fourchette) part of the internal or external female genitalia?
Is the frenulum (posterior fourchette) part of the internal or external female genitalia?
Is the clitoris part of the internal or external female genitalia?
Is the clitoris part of the internal or external female genitalia?
Are the Skene glands part of the internal or external female genitalia?
Are the Skene glands part of the internal or external female genitalia?
Is the vaginal orifice (introitus) part of the internal or external female genitalia?
Is the vaginal orifice (introitus) part of the internal or external female genitalia?
Is the hymen part of the internal or external female genitalia?
Is the hymen part of the internal or external female genitalia?
Are the Bartholin glands part of the internal or external female genitalia?
Are the Bartholin glands part of the internal or external female genitalia?
What is the function of the Skene glands?
What is the function of the Skene glands?
What is the function of the Bartholin glands?
What is the function of the Bartholin glands?
Is the vagina part of the internal or external female genitalia?
Is the vagina part of the internal or external female genitalia?
Is the cervix part of the internal or external female genitalia?
Is the cervix part of the internal or external female genitalia?
Is the squamocolumnar junction part of the internal or external female genitalia?
Is the squamocolumnar junction part of the internal or external female genitalia?
Is the anterior fornix part of the internal or external female genitalia?
Is the anterior fornix part of the internal or external female genitalia?
Is the posterior fornix part of the internal or external female genitalia?
Is the posterior fornix part of the internal or external female genitalia?
Is the uterus part of the internal or external female genitalia?
Is the uterus part of the internal or external female genitalia?
Are the fallopian tubes part of the internal or external female genitalia?
Are the fallopian tubes part of the internal or external female genitalia?
Are the ovaries part of the internal or external female genitalia?
Are the ovaries part of the internal or external female genitalia?
Why might the external genitalia of a female newborn be normally engorged?
Why might the external genitalia of a female newborn be normally engorged?
What is menarche?
What is menarche?
What is the approximate median age of menarche in the US?
What is the approximate median age of menarche in the US?
What is Tanner staging used for?
What is Tanner staging used for?
What are typically the first visible signs of puberty in adolescent females?
What are typically the first visible signs of puberty in adolescent females?
Around what age range does menopause normally occur?
Around what age range does menopause normally occur?
Vaginal dryness, painful intercourse (dyspareunia), increased risk of infections, and urinary incontinence are common issues in which female population?
Vaginal dryness, painful intercourse (dyspareunia), increased risk of infections, and urinary incontinence are common issues in which female population?
Compared to the USA, does menarche tend to occur earlier or later in underdeveloped countries?
Compared to the USA, does menarche tend to occur earlier or later in underdeveloped countries?
What is preeclampsia?
What is preeclampsia?
What health conditions are noted as common in women with Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities (IDD)?
What health conditions are noted as common in women with Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities (IDD)?
Which patient population may tend to start menopause earlier than the general population?
Which patient population may tend to start menopause earlier than the general population?
What might postmenopausal bleeding indicate?
What might postmenopausal bleeding indicate?
What is uterine prolapse?
What is uterine prolapse?
What should a patient do prior to a genitourinary (GU) exam for increased comfort?
What should a patient do prior to a genitourinary (GU) exam for increased comfort?
The Bartholin glands are normally palpable during a pelvic exam.
The Bartholin glands are normally palpable during a pelvic exam.
What is dyspareunia?
What is dyspareunia?
Flashcards
What defines a nurse's scope of practice?
What defines a nurse's scope of practice?
State nurse practice act (NPA)
Beneficence
Beneficence
doing good
Nonmaleficence
Nonmaleficence
do no harm
justice
justice
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fidelity
fidelity
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veracity
veracity
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sphygmomanometer
sphygmomanometer
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otoscope
otoscope
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opthalmoscope
opthalmoscope
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those who have been traumatized are at risk for
those who have been traumatized are at risk for
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Trauma informed care (TIC) 4 steps
Trauma informed care (TIC) 4 steps
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The more trauma that you experience the ____ your health outcomes are likely to be
The more trauma that you experience the ____ your health outcomes are likely to be
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The 5 principles of TIC
The 5 principles of TIC
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Technique to use during TIC
Technique to use during TIC
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What is the gold standard of pain assesment?
What is the gold standard of pain assesment?
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2 pain processes that pathological pain develops by
2 pain processes that pathological pain develops by
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breast function
breast function
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Structure of breasts
Structure of breasts
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Is the nipple internal or external?
Is the nipple internal or external?
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is the areola internal or external?
is the areola internal or external?
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Are the Montgomery glands internal or external?
Are the Montgomery glands internal or external?
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is granular tissue of the breast internal or external?
is granular tissue of the breast internal or external?
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is fibrous tissue of the breasts internal or external?
is fibrous tissue of the breasts internal or external?
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is fatty tissue of the breasts internal or external?
is fatty tissue of the breasts internal or external?
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supernumerary nipple
supernumerary nipple
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tail of spence
tail of spence
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how many quadrants is the breast divided into?
how many quadrants is the breast divided into?
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what are the 4 major axillary lymph nodes?
what are the 4 major axillary lymph nodes?
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what are the characteristics of infected lymph nodes?
what are the characteristics of infected lymph nodes?
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Gynecomastia
Gynecomastia
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When is gynecomastia most common?
When is gynecomastia most common?
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what could gynecomastia be a result of?
what could gynecomastia be a result of?
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What is an important question to ask when doing a breast exam?
What is an important question to ask when doing a breast exam?
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what is an older adult consideration of the breasts?
what is an older adult consideration of the breasts?
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Are fine blue vascular network on the breasts normal or abnormal?
Are fine blue vascular network on the breasts normal or abnormal?
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Is unilateral dilated superficial veins of the breasts normal or abnormal?
Is unilateral dilated superficial veins of the breasts normal or abnormal?
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What may bulging, discoloration, or edema mean in lymphatic drainage areas?
What may bulging, discoloration, or edema mean in lymphatic drainage areas?
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What may deviation In pointing, recent nipple retraction, or discharge and bleeding of the nipples mean?
What may deviation In pointing, recent nipple retraction, or discharge and bleeding of the nipples mean?
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How do you inspect for retraction and dimpling of the breast?
How do you inspect for retraction and dimpling of the breast?
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is dimpling or retraction of the breasts normal or abnormal?
is dimpling or retraction of the breasts normal or abnormal?
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what does restricted breast movement when a client bends over imply?
what does restricted breast movement when a client bends over imply?
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How should the breasts be palpated?
How should the breasts be palpated?
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what position should a client be in when breasts are palpated?
what position should a client be in when breasts are palpated?
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Which type of population may have more granular feeling breasts with a thicker inframammary ridge?
Which type of population may have more granular feeling breasts with a thicker inframammary ridge?
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When might a patient's breasts be more tender?
When might a patient's breasts be more tender?
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If a mass is detected what should be done?
If a mass is detected what should be done?
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where are malignant masses or tumors most commonly found in the breasts?
where are malignant masses or tumors most commonly found in the breasts?
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what are the 4 types of abnormal breast masses?
what are the 4 types of abnormal breast masses?
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fibroadenomas
fibroadenomas
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benign fibrocystic breast disease
benign fibrocystic breast disease
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which abnormal breast mass is most common in lactating mothers
which abnormal breast mass is most common in lactating mothers
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intraductal papilloma
intraductal papilloma
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breast abscess
breast abscess
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what type of abnormal breast mass is most common in women 40-60 years old?
what type of abnormal breast mass is most common in women 40-60 years old?
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physiologic discharge
physiologic discharge
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pathologic discharge
pathologic discharge
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which type of nipple discharge is normal?
which type of nipple discharge is normal?
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which type of nipple discharge is abnormal?
which type of nipple discharge is abnormal?
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if a male has a lump upon inspection what should the nurse do?
if a male has a lump upon inspection what should the nurse do?
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masectomy
masectomy
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when is the best time to do a breast self exam?
when is the best time to do a breast self exam?
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what are expected changes in aging female breasts?
what are expected changes in aging female breasts?
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What are non modifiable breast cancer risks?
What are non modifiable breast cancer risks?
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what are modifiable breast cancer risks?
what are modifiable breast cancer risks?
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Genitourinary system
Genitourinary system
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Is the mons pubis internal or external?
Is the mons pubis internal or external?
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is the labia major internal or external?
is the labia major internal or external?
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is the labia minora internal or external?
is the labia minora internal or external?
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is the frenulum internal or external?
is the frenulum internal or external?
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Is the clitoris internal or external?
Is the clitoris internal or external?
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Are the skene glands internal or external?
Are the skene glands internal or external?
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is the vaginal orifice internal or external?
is the vaginal orifice internal or external?
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is the hymen internal or external?
is the hymen internal or external?
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are the bartholian glands internal or external?
are the bartholian glands internal or external?
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skene glands
skene glands
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Bartholian glands
Bartholian glands
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is the vagina internal or external?
is the vagina internal or external?
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is the cervix internal or external?
is the cervix internal or external?
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is the squamocolumnar junction internal or external?
is the squamocolumnar junction internal or external?
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is the anterior fornix internal or external?
is the anterior fornix internal or external?
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is the posterior fornix internal or external?
is the posterior fornix internal or external?
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is the uterus internal or external?
is the uterus internal or external?
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are the fallopian tubes internal or external?
are the fallopian tubes internal or external?
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are the ovaries internal or external?
are the ovaries internal or external?
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When might external genitalia be normally engorged and why?
When might external genitalia be normally engorged and why?
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menarche
menarche
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when is median age of menarche
when is median age of menarche
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tanner staging
tanner staging
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what are the first signs of puberty in adolescents?
what are the first signs of puberty in adolescents?
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when does menopause normally occur?
when does menopause normally occur?
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aging female
aging female
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when is menarche in underdeveloped countries? early or later then USA?
when is menarche in underdeveloped countries? early or later then USA?
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preeclampsia
preeclampsia
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what are common in women with IDD?
what are common in women with IDD?
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which population of patients starts menopause earlier?
which population of patients starts menopause earlier?
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what might postmenopausal bleeding indicate?
what might postmenopausal bleeding indicate?
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uterine prolapse
uterine prolapse
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what should be done prior to a GU exam for comfort?
what should be done prior to a GU exam for comfort?
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Are the Bartholin glands palpable?
Are the Bartholin glands palpable?
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dyspareunia
dyspareunia
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Study Notes
Nurse's Scope of Practice
- Defined by the State Nurse Practice Act (NPA).
Ethical Principles
- Beneficence: Doing good.
- Nonmaleficence: Do no harm.
- Justice: Be fair and impartial.
- Fidelity: Faithfulness.
- Veracity: Truthfulness.
Medical Instruments
- Sphygmomanometer: Used to measure blood pressure (blood pressure cuff).
- Otoscope: Used to examine the ear.
- Ophthalmoscope: Used to examine the eyes.
Trauma-Informed Care (TIC)
- Those who have experienced trauma are at risk for re-traumatization.
- Four steps: Realize, recognize, respond, resist re-traumatization.
- More trauma correlates with worse health outcomes.
- Five principles: Patient empowerment, choice, collaboration, safety, trustworthiness.
- Technique: CAPPD (calm, attuned, present, predictable, do not escalate emotions).
Pain Assessment
- Self-reporting by the patient is the gold standard.
- Pathological pain develops through nociceptive and neuropathic processing.
Breast Anatomy and Function
- Function: Produce and store milk to nourish newborns.
- Structure: Paired mammillary glands.
- Nipple, areola, and Montgomery glands are external.
- Granular, fibrous, and fatty tissues are internal.
- Supernumerary nipple: Minute extra nipple along the embryonic milk line.
- Tail of Spence: Extension of breast tissue into the axilla.
- The breast is divided into 4 quadrants.
- Four major axillary lymph nodes: Anterior (pectoral), posterior (subscapular), lateral, and central axillary.
- Infected lymph nodes: Large, swollen, tender, warm, firm, and mobile.
Gynecomastia
- Development of breast tissue in males.
- Most common during puberty but may resolve.
- Can result from testosterone deficiency.
Breast Exam Considerations
- Ask if the patient is in their menstrual cycle.
- Older adults: Decreased size/elasticity causing breasts to droop and look flattened.
- Fine blue vascular networks are normal.
- Unilateral dilated superficial veins are abnormal.
- Bulging, discoloration, or edema may indicate a tumor, growths, or cancer.
- Nipple deviation, recent nipple retraction, or discharge and bleeding may indicate breast cancer.
- Inspect for retraction and dimpling by having the patient raise arms overhead or push hands into hips.
- Dimpling or retraction is abnormal.
- Restricted breast movement when bending over may imply cancer.
- Palpate with three fingers, flat pad, rotary motion, following a vertical strip pattern (light, medium, deep palpation), covering the entire breast including the tail of Spence.
- Patient should be supine with a small pillow under the side being palpated and arm overhead.
- Breasts may feel more granular with a thicker inframammary ridge in older adults.
- Breasts may be more tender during the menstrual cycle.
- If a mass is detected, refer for further evaluation and note characteristics.
- Malignant masses/tumors are most commonly found in the upper outer quadrant.
Abnormal Breast Masses
- Four types: Fibroadenomas, benign fibrocystic breast disease, breast abscess, and intraductal papilloma.
- Fibroadenomas: Solid, firm, rubbery, elastic, nontender, round or oval, clear margins, and mobile, benign masses.
- Benign fibrocystic breast disease: Multiple tender masses with swelling and tenderness, nodularity, dominant lumps, nipple discharge, infections, and inflammation.
- Breast abscess: Localized collection of pus in the breast tissue, most common in lactating mothers.
- Intraductal papilloma: Discrete benign tumors arising in single or multiple papillary ducts, often a palpable nodule underlying the affected duct, may have serous or serosanguineous discharge, most common in women 40-60 years old.
Nipple Discharge
- Physiologic: Normal bilateral white, milky discharge present during pregnancy, breastfeeding, and up to 1 year after weaning.
- Pathologic: Abnormal discharge (send a sample if spontaneous or unilateral).
Male Breast Assessment
- If a lump is found, refer to an OB.
Mastectomy
- Removal of the breast.
Breast Self-Exam
- Best time is right after the menstrual cycle.
Expected Changes in Aging Female Breasts
- Breasts look pendulous and flattened.
- Nipples may be retracted.
- Breasts feel granular on palpation.
- Decrease in firmness.
Breast Cancer Risks
- Non-modifiable: Gender, age, genetics (BRCA 1&2), family history, personal history, breast consistency, early menstruation/late menopause, previous chest radiation.
- Modifiable: Hormone replacement therapy, never been pregnant, alcohol consumption, night shift work, recent contraceptive use.
Genitourinary System
- Responsible for reproduction and waste removal.
Female External Genitalia
- Mons pubis, labia majora, labia minora, frenulum, clitoris, Skene glands, vaginal orifice, hymen, and Bartholin glands are external.
- Skene glands: Secrete mucus that lubricates for a moist vaginal environment.
- Bartholin glands: Lubricate during sexual intercourse.
Female Internal Genitalia
- Vagina, cervix, squamocolumnar junction, anterior fornix, posterior fornix, uterus, fallopian tubes, and ovaries are internal.
Developmental Considerations
- Newborns: External genitalia may be normally engorged due to maternal estrogen.
- Menarche: Onset of menstruation, median age is 12.25 years.
- Tanner staging: Determines sexual maturity.
- Adolescents: First signs of puberty are breast and pubic hair development.
- Menopause: Normally occurs between 48-51 years.
- Aging female: Common issues include vaginal drying, painful intercourse, infections, and incontinence.
Cultural Considerations
- Underdeveloped countries: Menarche may occur earlier.
Health Conditions
- Preeclampsia: Abnormal condition associated with pregnancy, marked by high blood pressure, proteinuria, edema, and headache.
- Women with IDD: Common complications include DVT and preeclampsia (epilepsy, polypharmacy, obesity, mental health problems, poverty).
- IDD patients start menopause earlier.
- Postmenopausal bleeding may indicate cancer.
- Uterine prolapse: Downward displacement of the uterus into the vagina.
Genitourinary Exam
- Empty bladder prior for comfort.
- Bartholin glands are palpable.
- Dyspareunia: Painful intercourse.
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