Nursing Exam Notes Overview
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Questions and Answers

Who is considered the founder of modern nursing?

  • Peplau
  • Dorothea Dix
  • Florence Nightingale (correct)
  • Clara Barton

What is the purpose of QSEN?

To prepare nurses with the competencies necessary to continuously improve the quality and safety of the healthcare systems in which they work.

The American Nurses Association (ANA) established the nursing code of ethics.

True (A)

Which of the following is NOT a QSEN competency?

<p>Financial Management (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which theory emphasizes the importance of energy fields in the environment and their influence on a patient's well-being?

<p>Rogers' Theory (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of therapeutic communication?

<p>To focus on the patient and their concerns.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of non-verbal communication?

<p>Maintaining eye contact (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the appropriate distance for a 'social zone' interaction?

<p>4 to 12 feet (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

It is appropriate to give advice to a patient during the working phase of the nurse-client relationship.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of informatics in nursing?

<p>Using information and technology to communicate, manage knowledge, mitigate error, and support decision making.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the 'color assessment' in nursing?

<p>It provides essential clues about potential problems or conditions affecting a patient's health.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of a 'health assessment'?

<p>To establish a database of the patient's abilities and identify any potential health concerns.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following assessment elements with their respective definitions:

<p>Inspection = Using the hands to feel the skin and accessible underlying organs and other tissues Auscultation = The use of a stethoscope to listen to sounds within body cavities Percussion = Tapping on a surface to determine the difference in the density of the underlying structure Palpation = Using the sense of sight to observe the appearance of the client</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following are nursing theories discussed in this document? (Select all that apply)

<p>Adaptation theory (A), Environmental theory (B), Goal Attainment theory (C), Self Care theory (E)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of these are considered to be QSEN competencies? (Select all that apply)

<p>Safety (A), Quality Improvement (B), Patient-Centered Care (C), Informatics (D), Evidence-Based Practice (E)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the abbreviation for the Quality and Safety Education for Nurses initiative?

<p>QSEN</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most frequent way that verbal communication is used in nursing?

<p>Face-to-face interactions</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct order of the abdominal assessment?

<p>Inspection, Auscultation, Percussion, Palpation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A rectal temperature is considered the most accurate body temperature measurement.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between systole and diastole?

<p>Systole is the contraction phase of the heart, during which the heart pumps blood out to the body. Diastole is the relaxation phase of the heart, during which the heart chambers fill with blood.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the components of therapeutic communication?

<p>Verbal and Nonverbal (A), Feedback and response (B), Encoding and decoding (C), Sender and receiver (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the five vital signs?

<p>Temperature, pulse, respiration, blood pressure, and pain (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the factors that influence communication?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the primary goals of the nursing process?

<p>Assessment, diagnosis, planning, intervention, and evaluation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the elements of documentation?

<p>Content, timing, format, confidentiality, and accountability (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the four score coma scale components?

<p>Eye opening, motor response, brainstem reflexes, respiration (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of a health assessment?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the definition of pain?

<p>Pain is a subjective experience and a complex phenomenon.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Florence Nightingale

Founder of modern nursing, introduced nurse education, and pioneered nursing research during the Crimean War.

Dorothea Dix

Established the US Army Nurse Corps.

Clara Barton

Organized the American Red Cross.

Nightingale's Environmental Theory

Focuses on the relationship between the environment and health, emphasizing factors like sunlight, fresh air, and nutrition.

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Peplau's Interpersonal Relations Theory

Emphasizes the importance of interpersonal relationships in nursing practice.

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Rogers' Theory

Focuses on energy fields in the environment and a holistic approach to patient care.

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Henderson's Theory

Aims for maximizing patient independence in self-care.

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Orem's Self-Care Theory

Focuses on the patient's ability to provide their own care.

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King's Goal Attainment Theory

Focuses on achieving goals with the patient.

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Neuman's Systems Model

Explores how individuals respond to stress and maintain balance within their system.

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Roy's Adaptation Model

Focuses on patients' adaptive responses to maintain health.

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ABCs (of life-saving)

Airway, Breathing, and Circulation

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Patient-Centered Care

Prioritizes the patient as a partner in their own care, respecting their preferences, values, and needs.

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Teamwork and Collaboration

A coordinated effort where multiple people contribute towards a common goal.

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Evidence-Based Practice

Uses the best available research to guide patient care decisions.

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Quality Improvement

Continuously improving the quality and safety of the healthcare system.

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Safety

Minimizing harm to both patients and healthcare providers.

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Informatics

Using information and technology in healthcare.

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Therapeutic Communication

Focuses on building trust and understanding.

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Verbal Communication

Use of spoken language in communication.

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Nonverbal Communication

Use of body language and cues.

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Communication Congruence

Effective communication where verbal and nonverbal cues match.

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Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs

A framework for prioritizing nursing care based on patient needs.

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Therapeutic Communication Techniques

Strategies to ensure effective patient communication.

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Color Assessment

Evaluating skin and mucous membrane color for signs of disease.

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What are the ABCs?

The fundamental life-saving priorities: Airway, Breathing, and Circulation.

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CABD

A modified approach to CPR, prioritizing Chest compressions first, followed by Airway, Breathing, and Defibrillation.

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What is the purpose of QSEN?

To prepare nurses with the necessary competencies to continuously improve the quality and safety of the healthcare system.

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Quality Improvement (QI)

Continuously monitoring healthcare outcomes and making adjustments to enhance quality and safety.

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Informatics in healthcare

Utilizing information and technology to improve communication, manage knowledge, reduce errors, and support decisions.

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Intrapersonal Communication

Self-talk or communication that occurs within an individual.

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Interpersonal Communication

Direct communication between two or more people.

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Communication Channel

The medium used to transmit a message.

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What is a 'Bruit'?

Blowing or swooshing sounds heard through a stethoscope when an artery is partially blocked.

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What is JVD?

Jugular vein distention, a visible bulging of the jugular veins in the neck.

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What is 'Tenting' in skin assessment?

A slow return of the skin to its normal position after being pinched, indicating dehydration.

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What is 'Petechiae'?

Small, pinpoint-sized red or purple spots on the skin, often a sign of blood clotting disorders.

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What is 'Pitting Edema'?

Edema that leaves an indentation after pressure is applied.

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What is the Braden Scale?

A tool used to predict pressure ulcer risk in patients by evaluating six key factors.

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What are the phases of the nurse-client relationship?

Three phases: Orientation/Initiating, Working, and Termination.

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What is 'Active Euthanasia'?

Taking deliberate steps to end a patient's life.

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What is 'Malpractice'?

Professional negligence, acting outside of one's scope of practice or standard of care.

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What is a 'Bruit'?

Blowing or swooshing sounds heard through a stethoscope when an artery is partially blocked.

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What is JVD?

Jugular vein distention, a visible bulging of the jugular veins in the neck.

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What is 'Tenting' in skin assessment?

A slow return of the skin to its normal position after being pinched, indicating dehydration.

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What is 'Petechiae'?

Small, pinpoint-sized red or purple spots on the skin, often a sign of blood clotting disorders.

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What is 'Pitting Edema'?

Edema that leaves an indentation after pressure is applied.

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What is the Braden Scale?

A tool used to predict pressure ulcer risk in patients by evaluating six key factors.

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What are the phases of the nurse-client relationship?

Three phases: Orientation/Initiating, Working, and Termination.

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What is 'Active Euthanasia'?

Taking deliberate steps to end a patient's life.

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What is 'Malpractice'?

Professional negligence, acting outside of one's scope of practice or standard of care.

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What is 'PICO'?

A framework used to formulate clinical questions for evidence-based practice.

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What is 'Stridor'?

A harsh, honking wheeze indicative of severe airway obstruction.

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What is 'Atelectasis'?

A collapsed lung or incomplete expansion of the alveoli.

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What is 'Subcutaneous Emphysema'?

Air escaping from the lungs and entering the tissues under the skin.

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What is 'Cheyne-Stokes Respiration'?

An irregular breathing pattern with alternating periods of deep, rapid breathing and apnea, often associated with end-of-life.

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Study Notes

Nursing Exam Notes

  • Florence Nightingale: Founder of modern nursing, introduced nursing education, and initiated nursing research during the Crimean War. She emphasized environmental sanitation.

  • Dorothea Dix: Advocate for the mentally ill and established improved care facilities.

  • Clara Barton: Organized the American Red Cross.

  • Peplau: Developed a theory of interpersonal relationships influencing patient care, based on communication.

  • Rogers: Developed an energy field model of human beings as open systems.

  • Henderson: Identified 14 fundamental needs of patients.

  • Orem: Developed a self-care deficit nursing theory.

  • King: Developed a theory of goal attainment for patients.

  • Neuman: Focused on stress and adaptive responses in patient care

  • Roy: Developed a model focused on adaptation to stressors.

  • Maslow's Hierarchy: A motivational theory with levels of needs (physiological, safety, love/belonging, esteem, self-actualization) influencing patient needs.

  • QSEN (Quality and Safety Education for Nurses): A program focused on safety and quality of care in healthcare systems.

  • QSEN Competencies: Patient-centered care, teamwork and collaboration, evidence-based practice, quality improvement, and safety.

Communication Techniques

  • Informatics: Use of information technology for communication and managing patient information.

  • Therapeutic Communication: Established skilled communication, using active listening.

  • Nonverbal Communication: The use of body language, tone of voice to convey meaning.

  • Verbal Communication: Use of words, clear concise communication to aid understanding.

  • Communication Congruence: Importance of both verbal and nonverbal communication matching for clarity.

Assessment Details

  • Color Assessment: Evaluating skin tone, looking for pallor, cyanosis, jaundice, and erythema.

  • Moisture Assessment: Evaluating skin dryness or moisture.

  • Temperature Assessment: Assessing skin temperature at various sites.

  • Braden Scale: Assesses risk of pressure ulcers.

  • Texture Assessment: Evaluating skin smoothness, firmness, and turgor.

  • Turgor Assessment: Evaluating skin elasticity and tenting.

  • Vascularity Assessment: Assessing for variations in skin color or lesions.

  • Petechiae: Pin-point purple or red spots, indicative of possible bleeding or coagulation issues

  • Edema Assessment: Observing for fluid retention and swelling.

  • Lesion Assessment: Assessing any wounds, sores, or marks on the skin

  • Melanoma (ABCDE Rule): Detecting skin cancer. Inspect lesions for asymmetry, border irregularities, color variation, diameter changes and evolution

Vital Signs

  • Pulse: Measuring the rate and rhythm of heartbeats.

  • Blood Pressure: Measuring the pressure exerted by blood on arterial walls.

  • Respiratory Rate: Measuring the number of breaths per minute.

  • Temperature: Measuring body temperature. (Types include oral, tympanic, axillary, rectal and temporal).

Other Important Topics

  • Nursing Diagnoses: Actual or potential problems requiring nursing intervention.
  • Steps in the Nursing Process: Assessment, nursing diagnosis, planning, implementation, and evaluation, forming an effective plan of action.
  • Stress Management: Strategies for coping with stress, including relaxation and support.
  • Documentation: Accurate and complete record keeping of patient care.

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Description

This quiz covers essential nursing theories and historical figures in the field of nursing. Topics include influential nursing leaders like Florence Nightingale and Clara Barton, as well as significant nursing theories such as Orem's Self-Care Deficit Theory and Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs. Test your knowledge on these foundational concepts in nursing education.

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