Nursing 1250 Exam 1 Practice

A position where the head of the bed is raised to 60-90 degrees; promotes lung expansion and reduces dyspnea.

Sudden onset of fever, chills, and a productive cough, typically indicating an infection.

A medical imaging test used to visualize the lungs and confirm the presence and location of pneumonia.

A device used to promote lung expansion and prevent atelectasis, reducing the risk of hospital-acquired pneumonia.

Fever is a common early sign of systemic infection, potentially indicating sepsis in patients with pneumonia.

An elevated WBC count indicates an inflammatory or infectious process, like pneumonia, as the body fights infection.

Noncompliance with medication can lead to ineffective treatment and worsening symptoms, so it's crucial to ensure the patient is taking the antibiotics as prescribed.

The primary mode of transmission for TB is through inhalation of airborne droplets when an infected person coughs or sneezes.

A positive PPD test indicates exposure to TB bacteria, but further testing is needed to determine if the infection is active or latent.

A medication commonly prescribed for latent TB to prevent progression to active disease.

Airborne precautions are used to prevent the spread of TB via respiratory droplets.

A common side effect of rifampin, causing red-orange discoloration of body fluids like urine and tears.

The Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine offers some protection against TB, particularly in high-prevalence areas.

A polysomnography (sleep study) is the most effective diagnostic tool for evaluating sleep patterns, oxygen levels, and breathing interruptions, which are characteristic of obstructive sleep apnea.

Maintaining a healthy weight can reduce the risk of obstructive sleep apnea by reducing airway obstruction.

A CPAP machine maintains positive airway pressure during sleep to prevent airway collapse, a common cause of obstructive sleep apnea.

Morning headaches are a common symptom of obstructive sleep apnea, resulting from nocturnal hypoxia and poor sleep quality.

Obesity, smoking, and being male are significant risk factors that increase the likelihood of developing obstructive sleep apnea.

A sudden onset of chest pain and dyspnea due to air entering the pleural space and collapsing the lung.

The chest drainage system must be kept upright and below the chest to prevent backflow and ensure effective drainage.

Continuous bubbling in the water seal chamber indicates an air leak in the chest tube system, which needs immediate attention.

A procedure used to remove a sample of pleural fluid for diagnostic or therapeutic purposes.

Pneumothorax is a potential complication of thoracentesis as lung injury can occur during the procedure, so it is crucial to closely monitor for signs of collapsed lung.

Hemothorax causes blood to accumulate in the pleural space, leading to diminished lung sounds on the affected side.

Secure connections are crucial for maintaining a closed chest tube drainage system to prevent accidental air leaks and ensure effective drainage.

Smoking is the leading risk factor for COPD, significantly contributing to airway and alveolar damage.

Chronic productive cough, wheezing, and dyspnea (shortness of breath) are common signs of COPD

The tripod position supports lung expansion and reduces dyspnea in COPD patients during acute exacerbations.

COPD involves bronchoconstriction, inflammation, and airway obstruction due to mucus buildup, making it hard to breathe.

Arterial blood gases (ABGs) provide critical information about oxygenation and CO2 retention in COPD patients, guiding treatment decisions.

Cor pulmonale, a type of right-sided heart failure, is a common complication of long-term COPD, caused by increased pulmonary vascular resistance.

The "P" in PICOT represents Population, the specific group of individuals being studied in a research question.

Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) are considered the strongest type of research evidence, providing the most reliable and unbiased results.

Reliability in research refers to the consistency and repeatability of study findings, ensuring the results are dependable.

After reading a research study about a new intervention, the next step in the EBP process is to critically appraise the study's validity and relevance to ensure it is sound and applicable to practice.