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Questions and Answers
What is a primary goal of evidence-based practice in nursing?
Which of the following best defines patient- and family-centered care?
Which factor is NOT typically considered a barrier to family-centered care?
How can nurses assist families in managing stress?
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What cultural aspect greatly influences pediatric nursing practices?
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What is the term for the first 28 days of life?
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At what age should an infant's birth weight normally triple?
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Which of the following factors does NOT influence a child's development?
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Which screening tool is specifically used to assess a child's gestational age?
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Which area of development includes moral reasoning according to Kohlberg?
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What is the greatest number of vaccines typically given at 2 months of age?
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Which guideline is recommended for children's physical activity?
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What dietary guideline is suggested for Americans aged 2 years and older?
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What is a key characteristic of authoritarian parenting?
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Which discipline technique is commonly used for toddlers and preschoolers?
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What is an important component of family-centered communication?
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Which communication strategy is NOT appropriate for children with special needs?
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What is a primary factor in assessing the quality of a parent-child relationship?
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Which method is effective for communicating with children of all ages?
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What is a technique for effective communication that emphasizes understanding the child's perspective?
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Which of the following communication approaches is suitable based on a child's developmental abilities?
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What is the minimum age at which tummy time should be initiated for an infant?
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What is a common clinical manifestation of colic in an infant?
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At 6 months old, which milestone should an infant achieve?
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Which reflex is NOT present at birth?
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What significant development occurs at 12 months of age concerning an infant’s weight?
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What emotional stage do infants need to achieve according to Erikson's theory?
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At what age does an infant typically start to feed themselves finger foods?
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Which is a milestone achieved by a 4-month-old infant?
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Which developmental milestone is typically observed at 18 months?
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What is the main focus of safety for toddlers according to the content?
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At what age can a child typically begin to feed a doll, indicating imaginative play?
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During which developmental stage do children first begin to recognize themselves as separate individuals according to Erikson's theory?
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What is a significant indicator of separation anxiety in preschoolers?
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Which of the following is a common safety concern for school-aged children?
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Which psychosocial development conflict do adolescents commonly face, according to Erikson?
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What is typically the best way to manage temper tantrums in toddlers?
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What developmental milestone is associated with school-aged children aged 5 to 8 years?
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At what age can children typically tie their shoelaces as part of their developmental milestones?
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Which of the following issues is commonly addressed in sex education for adolescents?
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Which behavior is most characteristic of preschoolers aged 3 to 5 years?
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What is a common emotional challenge faced by adolescents during development?
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What developmental ability is typically expected in toddlers regarding stairs?
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Study Notes
Evidence-Based Practice
- Evidence-based practice enhances patient-centered care through recent research findings.
- Research evidence is considered current if within five years.
Patient- and Family-Centered Health Care
- This approach fosters partnerships between healthcare providers, patients, and families, applicable to all ages and settings.
Nurses' Role with Families
- Nurses assist families in identifying strengths and developing resources to cope with stress.
Types of Families
- Various family structures include childless, cohabitation, nuclear, multigenerational, single-parent, blended, foster/adoptive, and LGBT families.
Barriers to Family-Centered Care
- Factors such as divorce, adolescent parenting, violence, substance abuse, poverty, homelessness, and chronic illness interfere with care.
Cultural Influences on Pediatric Nursing
- Culture significantly impacts parenting styles, health beliefs, and perceptions of illness.
Parenting Styles
- Authoritarian: Strict, with rules expected to be followed.
- Authoritative: Control with room for child choices.
- Permissive: Lack of control, children lead.
Parent-Child Relationships
- Quality of parenting assessment includes emotional availability, control, psychiatric stability, knowledge, and commitment.
Types of Discipline
- Infants: Distraction and comfort measures.
- Toddlers/Preschoolers: Time-outs and redirection.
- School-aged children: Reasoning and consequences; all ages benefit from offering choices and distraction.
Communicating with Children
- Effective communication includes touch, appropriate environment, active listening, and timing.
Family-Centered Communication
- Involves rapport building, openness to questions, family education, conflict management, and maintaining child-family connections.
Transcultural Communication
- Understanding the family's cultural aspects is vital for effective nursing care, including decision-making and communication practices.
Communication Approaches for Different Ages
- Tailor communication methods based on age and developmental stage, using play and storytelling.
Key Elements for Accurate Information
- Prepare by learning procedures and providing sequential, sensory information to children and families.
Communicating with Children with Special Needs
- Assess each child's abilities to determine effective communication methods.
Principles of Growth and Development
- Growth and development are predictable, exhibiting cephalocaudal, proximodistal patterns, and moving from simple to complex skills.
Growth Patterns
- Infants double birth weight by six months and triple it by one year; toddlers quadruple weight by 2.5 years.
Theories of Development
- Erikson's psychosocial, Piaget's cognitive, and Kohlberg's moral development theories are foundational in understanding child development.
Screening Tools for Children
- Tools like the Dubowitz/Ballard examination and Denver Developmental Screening Test II assess development.
Functions and Aspects of Play
- Play serves as a crucial developmental function in childhood.
Childhood Immunizations
- Largest number of vaccinations provided at 2 months (6 vaccines); pediatricians use handouts for parent education.
Nutrition and Obesity
- Diets should be low in fat and cholesterol; obesity in children is a growing crisis and a target for Healthy People 2030.
Current Dietary Guidelines
- Resources are available for various age groups from infants to adolescents to promote healthy eating.
Physical Activity Recommendations
- Children should engage in at least one hour of daily physical activity, emphasizing aerobic exercises and making it enjoyable.
Nursing Care for Infants
- Health promotion includes timely immunizations and doctor visits to track weight postpartum.
Reflexes Present at Birth
- Includes Moro, tonic neck, gag, cough, blink, pupillary, grasp, rooting, and Babinski reflexes.
Critical Developmental Milestones
- Notable milestones occur at 2, 4, 6, 8, 9, 10, and 12 months, highlighting social smiles, vocalizations, and motor skills.
Colic in Infants
- Characterized by excessive crying around three months due to gas; identified by flushed face and tense abdomen.
Psychosocial Development of Infants
- Erikson's stage for infants focuses on establishing trust through consistent care.
Infant Safety Considerations
- Awareness of aspiration, suffocation, and unintentional injuries is vital for infant safety.
Infant in Hospital
- Addressing separation anxiety and ensuring comfort is essential during hospital stays.
Toddler Developmental Milestones
- Significant milestones include speech development, independence in feeding, and physical skills around 15-18 months.
Toddler Safety Concerns
- Key safety issues include car seat safety, drowning, and poisoning.
Hospitalization Impact on Toddlers
- Toddlers may experience separation anxiety and fear during hospital stays, necessitating supportive care.
Preschool Child Milestones
- At ages 3 to 5, children display imaginative play, egocentrism, and improved physical coordination.
Safety for Preschoolers
- Focus on educating about bicycles, community safety, and preventing poisoning.
School-Aged Child Developments
- Ages 5-13 show improved memory, vocabulary, and social negotiation skills.
Safety for School-Aged Children
- Motor vehicle crashes, bicycle accidents, and pedestrian safety are major concerns for this age group.
Adolescent Developmental Changes
- Ages 13-18 observe emotional turmoil, interest in relationships, and abstract thinking development.
Health Promotion for Adolescents
- Nutritional education, hygiene, dental care, and exercise are critical for adolescent health.
Selected Issues for Adolescents
- Consider societal pressures like body image, body art, and risky health behaviors.
Cognitive Development in Adolescents
- Teens develop the ability to think abstractly and use scientific reasoning.
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Description
Test your knowledge on the principles of evidence-based practice in nursing, focusing on patient- and family-centered care. This quiz also covers factors influencing pediatric nursing practices and how nurses can support families in managing stress. Ideal for nursing students and professionals alike.
