Nursing Ethics Midterm Study Guide

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Questions and Answers

What principle states an obligation to do good to others in nursing ethics?

Nonmaleficence

Fidelity

Beneficence (correct)

Veracity

Which right from the 9 Rights of Medication involves confirming the appropriateness of the route ordered?

Right Route (correct)

Right Time

Right Dose

Right Medication

Which ethical principle is primarily concerned with respecting an individual's decision to refuse treatment?

Nonmaleficence

Justice

Veracity

Autonomy (correct)

Which aspect is NOT part of the informed consent process?

Provider’s confirmation of patient identity Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of HIPAA in healthcare practice?

Ensuring confidential handling of patient information Signup and view all the answers

What should be documented after administering a medication?

The time, route, and specific details of the medication Signup and view all the answers

What does activity intolerance refer to?

Inadequate energy to complete necessary activities Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a potential consequence of decreased mobility on the musculoskeletal system?

Thinning and weakening of bones Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary aim of confirming the rationale for an ordered medication?

To verify the appropriateness of the drug for the patient’s condition Signup and view all the answers

What are joint contractions, and what causes them?

Abnormal fixations resulting from changes in muscles and connective tissue Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following risks are associated with prolonged immobility?

Atelectasis and risk of infection Signup and view all the answers

What is the appropriate oxygen delivery by a nasal cannula?

1-6 L O2 Signup and view all the answers

What practice can help prevent respiratory complications such as atelectasis?

Incentive spirometry Signup and view all the answers

Which factor is NOT a risk for pressure injuries?

Low oxygen saturation Signup and view all the answers

What is the definition of low blood pressure according to standard measurements?

Less than 120/90 Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of an advance directive in healthcare?

To outline preferences for medical care when one cannot make decisions Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is not a reason why advance directives are important?

They prevent all forms of medical intervention Signup and view all the answers

In the context of advance directives, which type of measures is typically excluded?

Resuscitative measures like CPR Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements best describes the legal implications of advance directives?

They are legally binding documents that outline medical preferences Signup and view all the answers

What is typically the focus of care provided when an advance directive is in place?

Maintaining comfort and dignity Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

DNR (Do Not Resuscitate)

A DNR order is invalid when a patient is transferred to a different facility, such as a hospital.
Focus is on maintaining comfort and dignity; CPR is not administered under this directive.

Autonomy

Refers to an individual's right to self-govern and make personal decisions.
Includes the ability to refuse treatment or other medical interventions.

Nursing Ethics

Autonomy: Respecting patient decision-making rights.
Nonmaleficence: Commitment to do no harm.
Beneficence: Obligation to promote good and provide beneficial care.
Justice: Fair distribution of healthcare resources and services.
Veracity: Commitment to honesty and integrity in communication.
Fidelity: Upholding promises and maintaining trust in the nurse-patient relationship.

A process that ensures patients are educated about treatment options and agree to the proposed care.
Involves clear communication between the patient and healthcare provider.

9 Rights of Medication

Right to Refuse: Patients can decline medication.
Right Patient: Verify patient identity using multiple identifiers.
Right Medication: Confirm accuracy and expiration of the medication.
Right Dose: Ensure correct dosage and appropriateness of the route.
Right Route: Confirm that the correct method of administration is used.
Right Time: Administer medication within the specified timeframe.
Right Documentation: Document after medication administration, including time and route.
Right Reason: Validate the rationale behind medication orders.
Right Outcome: Monitor and ensure the medication leads to the intended effect.

HIPAA

Enforces patient confidentiality in all healthcare interactions.
prohibits sharing identifiable patient information on social media, including photos.

Abbreviations

PNA: Pneumonia
CXR: Chest-ray
Tx: Treatment
CAD: Coronary Artery Disease
CVA: Cerebral Vascular Accident

Pharmacokinetics

Study of how drugs are absorbed, distributed, metabolized, and excreted in the body.

Mobility

Assessment of Mobility

Activity Intolerance: Insufficient energy to perform necessary activities.
Activity Tolerance: Ability to perform activities without discomfort.
Activities of Daily Living: Essential tasks related to personal care that individuals perform independently.

Effects of Decreased Mobility

Musculoskeletal System: Bone density loss and muscle atrophy from prolonged inactivity.
Cardiovascular System: Risks of deep vein thrombosis (DVT).
Respiratory System: Increased risk of infection and atelectasis due to shallow breathing.

Gastrointestinal

Risks of constipation and impaired motility due to inactivity.

Genitourinary

Possible urinary retention leading to urinary tract infections (UTIs).

Integumentary System

Risk Factors for Pressure Injuries

Obesity, poor nutrition, immobility, and incontinence increase susceptibility to skin breakdown.

Foot Drop

A condition where patients are unable to lift the front part of the foot, affecting ambulation.

Ambulation

Encouraged as it promotes venous return to the heart and overall circulation.

Oxygen Saturation

Normal ranges are 98%-100%; readings below 90% indicate hypoxemia.
Certain illnesses may result in acceptable saturation levels of 88%-92%.

Oxygen Delivery Devices

Nasal Cannula: Delivers 1-6 L of oxygen.
Simple Face Mask: Provides 5-10 L of oxygen.
Non-Rebreather Mask: Offers 10-15 L of oxygen.

Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP)

Utilized primarily for patients with obstructive sleep apnea to maintain open airways during sleep.

Nurses' Actions to Improve Oxygenation

Encourage breathing techniques such as nasal breathing and pursed-lip expiration.
Ensure slow, deep breaths using abdominal muscles to maximize air exchange.

Incentive Spirometry

A device used to encourage deep breathing, helping to prevent atelectasis.
Patients should inhale as if using a straw and hold their breath for at least 5 seconds.

Low Blood Pressure

Defined as blood pressure lower than 120/90 mmHg, which may indicate potential health issues.

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Description

This study guide covers key topics for the Nursing Ethics Midterm, emphasizing the principles of autonomy, the significance of Do Not Resuscitate orders, and an exploration of nursing ethics. Prepare for your exam by reviewing these essential concepts and their implications in practice.