Nursing Ethics Midterm Study Guide
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Questions and Answers

What principle states an obligation to do good to others in nursing ethics?

  • Nonmaleficence
  • Fidelity
  • Beneficence (correct)
  • Veracity

    • Which right from the 9 Rights of Medication involves confirming the appropriateness of the route ordered?

  • Right Route (correct)
  • Right Time
  • Right Dose
  • Right Medication

    • Which ethical principle is primarily concerned with respecting an individual's decision to refuse treatment?

  • Nonmaleficence
  • Justice
  • Veracity
  • Autonomy (correct)

    • Which aspect is NOT part of the informed consent process?

    <p>Provider’s confirmation of patient identity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of HIPAA in healthcare practice?

    <p>Ensuring confidential handling of patient information</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be documented after administering a medication?

    <p>The time, route, and specific details of the medication</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does activity intolerance refer to?

    <p>Inadequate energy to complete necessary activities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a potential consequence of decreased mobility on the musculoskeletal system?

    <p>Thinning and weakening of bones</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary aim of confirming the rationale for an ordered medication?

    <p>To verify the appropriateness of the drug for the patient’s condition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are joint contractions, and what causes them?

    <p>Abnormal fixations resulting from changes in muscles and connective tissue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following risks are associated with prolonged immobility?

    <p>Atelectasis and risk of infection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the appropriate oxygen delivery by a nasal cannula?

    <p>1-6 L O2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What practice can help prevent respiratory complications such as atelectasis?

    <p>Incentive spirometry</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor is NOT a risk for pressure injuries?

    <p>Low oxygen saturation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the definition of low blood pressure according to standard measurements?

    <p>Less than 120/90</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of an advance directive in healthcare?

    <p>To outline preferences for medical care when one cannot make decisions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is not a reason why advance directives are important?

    <p>They prevent all forms of medical intervention</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of advance directives, which type of measures is typically excluded?

    <p>Resuscitative measures like CPR</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements best describes the legal implications of advance directives?

    <p>They are legally binding documents that outline medical preferences</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is typically the focus of care provided when an advance directive is in place?

    <p>Maintaining comfort and dignity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    DNR (Do Not Resuscitate)

    • A DNR order is invalid when a patient is transferred to a different facility, such as a hospital.
    • Focus is on maintaining comfort and dignity; CPR is not administered under this directive.

    Autonomy

    • Refers to an individual's right to self-govern and make personal decisions.
    • Includes the ability to refuse treatment or other medical interventions.

    Nursing Ethics

    • Autonomy: Respecting patient decision-making rights.
    • Nonmaleficence: Commitment to do no harm.
    • Beneficence: Obligation to promote good and provide beneficial care.
    • Justice: Fair distribution of healthcare resources and services.
    • Veracity: Commitment to honesty and integrity in communication.
    • Fidelity: Upholding promises and maintaining trust in the nurse-patient relationship.
    • A process that ensures patients are educated about treatment options and agree to the proposed care.
    • Involves clear communication between the patient and healthcare provider.

    9 Rights of Medication

    • Right to Refuse: Patients can decline medication.
    • Right Patient: Verify patient identity using multiple identifiers.
    • Right Medication: Confirm accuracy and expiration of the medication.
    • Right Dose: Ensure correct dosage and appropriateness of the route.
    • Right Route: Confirm that the correct method of administration is used.
    • Right Time: Administer medication within the specified timeframe.
    • Right Documentation: Document after medication administration, including time and route.
    • Right Reason: Validate the rationale behind medication orders.
    • Right Outcome: Monitor and ensure the medication leads to the intended effect.

    HIPAA

    • Enforces patient confidentiality in all healthcare interactions.
    • prohibits sharing identifiable patient information on social media, including photos.

    Abbreviations

    • PNA: Pneumonia
    • CXR: Chest-ray
    • Tx: Treatment
    • CAD: Coronary Artery Disease
    • CVA: Cerebral Vascular Accident

    Pharmacokinetics

    • Study of how drugs are absorbed, distributed, metabolized, and excreted in the body.

    Mobility

    Assessment of Mobility

    • Activity Intolerance: Insufficient energy to perform necessary activities.
    • Activity Tolerance: Ability to perform activities without discomfort.
    • Activities of Daily Living: Essential tasks related to personal care that individuals perform independently.

    Effects of Decreased Mobility

    • Musculoskeletal System: Bone density loss and muscle atrophy from prolonged inactivity.
    • Cardiovascular System: Risks of deep vein thrombosis (DVT).
    • Respiratory System: Increased risk of infection and atelectasis due to shallow breathing.

    Gastrointestinal

    • Risks of constipation and impaired motility due to inactivity.

    Genitourinary

    • Possible urinary retention leading to urinary tract infections (UTIs).

    Integumentary System

    Risk Factors for Pressure Injuries

    • Obesity, poor nutrition, immobility, and incontinence increase susceptibility to skin breakdown.

    Foot Drop

    • A condition where patients are unable to lift the front part of the foot, affecting ambulation.

    Ambulation

    • Encouraged as it promotes venous return to the heart and overall circulation.

    Oxygen Saturation

    • Normal ranges are 98%-100%; readings below 90% indicate hypoxemia.
    • Certain illnesses may result in acceptable saturation levels of 88%-92%.

    Oxygen Delivery Devices

    • Nasal Cannula: Delivers 1-6 L of oxygen.
    • Simple Face Mask: Provides 5-10 L of oxygen.
    • Non-Rebreather Mask: Offers 10-15 L of oxygen.

    Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP)

    • Utilized primarily for patients with obstructive sleep apnea to maintain open airways during sleep.

    Nurses' Actions to Improve Oxygenation

    • Encourage breathing techniques such as nasal breathing and pursed-lip expiration.
    • Ensure slow, deep breaths using abdominal muscles to maximize air exchange.

    Incentive Spirometry

    • A device used to encourage deep breathing, helping to prevent atelectasis.
    • Patients should inhale as if using a straw and hold their breath for at least 5 seconds.

    Low Blood Pressure

    • Defined as blood pressure lower than 120/90 mmHg, which may indicate potential health issues.

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    Description

    This study guide covers key topics for the Nursing Ethics Midterm, emphasizing the principles of autonomy, the significance of Do Not Resuscitate orders, and an exploration of nursing ethics. Prepare for your exam by reviewing these essential concepts and their implications in practice.

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