Nursing Ethics and Healthcare Culture Quiz

Key Terms in Leadership and Management

• Management: Defined as planning, organizing, staffing, controlling complexity, and coordinating to achieve order, consistency, and predictability.
• Leader: Obtaining power through influence, wide variety of roles, potentially separate from hierarchy and focuses on feedback, processes, information gathering, and empowerment.
• Participative Management: Involves team members in decision-making processes, encouraging collaboration.
• Hawthorne Effect: Demonstrates that worker productivity is increased when workers are given attention and feel valued, highlighting the impact of social and psychological factors on performance.
• Theory X: Assumes employees are inherently lazy, need control, and are motivated primarily by money and security.
• Theory Y: Assumes employees are motivated by factors beyond money and security; they seek responsibility, are self-motivated, and desire personal growth.
• Trait Theories: Focuses on identifying the traits or characteristics of effective leaders.
• Authoritarian Leader: Exercises significant control and makes decisions unilaterally, without much input from team members.
• Democratic Leader: Involves team members actively in decision-making.
• Laissez-faire Leader: A hands-off style, offering autonomy.
• Situational Leadership: Leader's style adapts to the needs of their followers.
• Contingency Leadership: Leadership effectiveness depends on the situation; different circumstances require different types of leadership.
• Interactional Leadership: Leaders build strong relationships with their followers
• Transactional Leadership: Focuses on exchange or transaction between leaders and followers, motivating through rewards and punishments.
• Transformational Leadership: Inspires and motivates followers to achieve exceptional outcomes and promotes personal and organizational growth.
• Servant Leadership: Enriches followers’ lives and builds better organizations while creating a just, caring environment.
• Emotional Intelligence: Ability to understand, recognize, manage, and use emotions effectively in oneself and others.
• Authentic Leadership: Style emphasizing genuineness, transparency, and adherence to one's values.
• Reflective Thinking/Practice: Analyzing and evaluating one's actions, decisions, and experiences to improve future performance.
• Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs: A hierarchical model of human needs to highlight the importance of satisfying needs from basic necessities to self-actualization.
• Self-Actualization: The realization of one's full potential, often considered the highest need according to Maslow.
• Motivation-Hygiene Theory: Suggests factors that increase/decrease job satisfaction.
• Worker Empowerment: Allowing employees to make decisions and take actions to increase motivation and productivity.
• Incentives and Rewards: Includes monetary/non-monetary incentives to increase motivation.
• Manager vs Leader: Managers have assigned positions with specific responsibilities, focus on control, and direct willing and unwilling subordinates. Leaders obtain power through influence and direct willing followers.

Management Theories

• Scientific Management: Emphasizes optimizing work, standardizing tasks to increase efficiency.
• Bureaucratic Management: Emphasizes formal approach, clear hierarchies, and impersonal relationships.
• Human Relations Management Theory: Highlights the importance of motivation, interpersonal relationships, and employee well-being in the workplace.
• Motivational Theories: Examine what motivates employees, including Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs.
• Two-Factor Theory (Motivator-Hygiene Theory): Different factors affect satisfaction versus dissatisfaction and include hygiene factors (related to the working environment) and motivator factors (related to the work itself).
• X and Y Theories: Describing assumptions about employee motivation; Theory X suggests employees are lazy and need control, while Theory Y suggests employees are self-motivated and desire personal growth.

Quality Management and Safety

• Six Aims for Healthcare: Ensures safe, timely, effective, equitable, and patient-centered care.
• Quality Improvement: Uses data to monitor care processes and tests changes to continuously improve healthcare quality.
• Quality Assurance: Systematic processes to ensure that healthcare services meet established standards.

Leadership and Management

• Ethical Principles: Include respect for autonomy, beneficence, nonmaleficence, paternalism, justice, truthfulness, and preserving confidentiality.
• Authentic Leadership: Genuine, transparent, and true to one's values.
• Reflective Thinking: Continuously analyzing/evaluating actions and decisions to improve future performance.

Communication and Care Coordination in Healthcare

• Communication Skills: Necessary to be an effective communicator in healthcare environments (including upward, lateral, and downward).
• Barriers to communication: Examples and analysis of issues that hinder clear and effective communication.

Team STEPPS

• Team Structure: Delineates elements for effective teams (size, membership, leadership).
• Job Responsibilities: To empower members by clearly articulating goals and roles, facilitating communication and conflict resolution within groups.

Delegation

• Five Rights of Delegation: Ensures safety and appropriate delegation of tasks. This includes considering task, circumstances, person, direction, and supervision.
• Responsibilities of health team members: Clarify responsibilities and roles of each team member in the delegation process.

Ethical Considerations

• Ethics of Practice: Issues addressing moral dilemmas.

Problem Solving and Decision Making

• Decision-Making: Process of selecting a course of action from possible alternatives.
• Critical Thinking: Questioning, examining, and analyzing assumptions to improve decisions.
• Emotional intelligence: Understanding, controlling, and using one's own emotions in a positive manner. Also includes recognizing/using emotions in others.
• Group Decision Making: Methods include nominal group technique and Delphi method; examining advantages/disadvantages of group decision-making.