Nursing Ethics and Health Records
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is NOT a primary purpose of maintaining client health records?

  • Facilitating communication among healthcare providers
  • Providing legal documentation of care
  • Supporting reimbursement claims and research endeavors
  • Serving as a tool for public health campaigning (correct)
  • According to the provided information, what is a potential negative consequence of increased technology use in healthcare?

  • Reduced access to patient data
  • Improved patient satisfaction rates
  • Increased efficiency of medical procedures
  • Potential undermining of patient confidentiality (correct)
  • Which ethical document establishes a foundational commitment to patient confidentiality for nurses?

  • The Declaration of Geneva
  • The Nightingale Pledge (correct)
  • The Patient Bill of Rights
  • The Hippocratic Oath
  • What is the primary focus of the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) of 1996 regarding patient records?

    <p>Protecting patient records and information management (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Besides improved efficiency and reduced errors, what other benefit does the use of technology in healthcare provide?

    <p>Supports clinical decision-making processes (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the relationship between privacy and confidentiality?

    <p>Privacy is a broader concept than confidentiality and deals with an individuals desire to keep their own affairs out of the public domain, while confidentiality is a professional legal requirement that requires only healthcare professionals to avoid sharing private patient details (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an example of how computers simplify healthcare processes?

    <p>Improves staff communication, and provides immediate access to patient data. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these reflect the ethical standards of nursing as they pertain to patient information?

    <p>The nurse advocates for and strives to protect the health, safety, and rights of the patient. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is considered a 'never event' in healthcare?

    <p>A client suffering a severe injury due to an unexpected adverse event (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the provided guidelines, what is the PRIMARY action to take when encountering a fire in a healthcare facility, after ensuring your own safety?

    <p>Activate the fire alarm and follow facility protocols (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the proper action to take for the 'A' step in the acronym 'PASS' used for fire extinguisher operation?

    <p>Aim the nozzle at the base of the fire (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A client is experiencing a seizure. Which action should be prioritized FIRST?

    <p>Moving the client to a side-lying position (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the maximum duration a wrist restraint order is valid for an adult client, before requiring renewal, according to the information provided?

    <p>4 hours (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which action would be considered an inappropriate use of a physical restraint?

    <p>Tying a wrist restraint to a side rail of the bed (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is the BEST example of a restraint alternative for a confused patient at risk of falling?

    <p>Requesting a sitter (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of fire extinguisher is best suited for a fire involving electrical equipment?

    <p>Class C (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which piece of equipment would be essential at a bedside of a client with a seizure disorder?

    <p>A suction machine and oxygen (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following actions would NOT be appropriate to prevent falls in a healthcare setting?

    <p>Placing all the client's needed items out of reach (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to HIPAA, what is considered to be protected health information (PHI)?

    <p>A patient's social security number (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which action is a violation of HIPAA guidelines?

    <p>Downloading a patient’s full medical chart onto your personal laptop (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the guidelines for quality documentation, what kind of information should be included in a nurses charting?

    <p>Subjective data as direct quotes or summarized statements along with objective data (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should a nurse do if they need to correct a documentation error in a paper chart?

    <p>Draw a single line through the error, initialing, and indicating 'mistaken entry' (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If a nurse forgets to document a specific event, what is the appropriate action?

    <p>Make a late entry, indicating the time of the event and the actual documentation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these is an example of subjective patient data?

    <p>Patient states, 'I have a headache.' (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the correct sequence to use when documenting a patient’s situation?

    <p>Subjective data, objective data, plan, interventions, patient response (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does 'charting by exception' (CBE) mean?

    <p>Only noting significant deviations from the expected norms using standardized forms (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following charting documentation formats records information in a story-like manner?

    <p>Narrative documentation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the provided text, what should nurses avoid documenting in a patient's chart?

    <p>A nurse's opinion about a client's condition. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When documenting subjective data, what should a nurse do?

    <p>Use clients direct quotes or summarize, making sure to identify that it is from the patient. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be included when documenting objective data in the patient's chart?

    <p>Descriptive information of what a nurse observes, hears, palpates, and smells. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the legal guidelines, why should a nurse not chart ahead of time?

    <p>Because it is considered falsification of the patient's record which is a criminal penalty. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key component for ensuring the quality of patient documentation?

    <p>Ensuring the documentation is accurate, clear and easy to follow (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the mnemonic 'SOAP' refer to?

    <p>Subjective, Objective, Assessment, Plan (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which charting method uses the acronym SOAP?

    <p>SOAP notes (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary advantage of using Electronic Health Records (EHRs)?

    <p>Rapid information acquisition and transfer (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    An Admission Nursing History form should include which information?

    <p>A comprehensive body system review (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of a Patient Care Summary?

    <p>To act as a quick reference for organizing patient care (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When should discharge planning begin?

    <p>As soon as the patient is admitted (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is considered best practice in documenting telephone orders (TO)?

    <p>Having a second person listen in on the telephone (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does 'TORB' stand for in a nursing context?

    <p>Telephone order read back (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of an incident report?

    <p>For quality improvement. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which identifiers are typically used to verify a patient's identity?

    <p>Patient's name and date of birth (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the abbreviation 'I-SBAR-R' represent in healthcare communication?

    <p>Introduction, situation, background, assessment, recommendation, repeat/read back (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a nosocomial infection also known as?

    <p>Hospital-acquired infection (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a type of hospital-acquired infection?

    <p>Influenza (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What step is mandated by Universal Protocol to prevent adverse events in surgery?

    <p>Performing a time-out in the operating room (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A 'near miss' is defined as which of the following?

    <p>A potential error that was avoided (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a 'sentinel event' often referred to as?

    <p>A 'never event' (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Flashcards

    Health Informatics

    The use of technology and computer systems in healthcare to improve patient care, information management, and efficiency.

    Confidentiality in Healthcare

    Personal health information (PHI) should be kept private and protected, respecting patient privacy and confidentiality.

    HIPAA

    The Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) establishes national standards to protect sensitive patient health information.

    Hand-off Report

    Providing a detailed summary of a patient's condition, treatment, and care plan to the incoming healthcare provider.

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    Purpose of Patient Records

    Patient medical records are important for communication, legal documentation, billing, research, and education.

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    Quality Guidelines for Documentation

    Accurate, timely, clear, complete, and objective.

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    Nightingale Pledge

    A professional code of ethics that emphasizes confidentiality and patient rights.

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    Ethical Considerations in Healthcare

    Ethical principles guide healthcare professionals to prioritize patient well-being and respect their privacy.

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    Protected Health Information (PHI)

    Any identifying information related to a patient's health, like name, date of birth, social security number, diagnosis, etc.

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    Confidentiality

    The principle of keeping patient information confidential, preventing its unauthorized disclosure.

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    Privacy Rules

    Rules governing how patient data is collected, used, disclosed, and protected.

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    Subjective Data

    Information documented by the nurse that reflects the patient's own words about their condition.

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    Objective Data

    Information observed and gathered by the nurse about the patient, using their senses. It's factual and measurable.

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    Charting by Exception (CBE)

    Method of documenting patient information using a standardized format, focusing on deviations from the expected norm.

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    Problem-Oriented Medical Records (POMR)

    A system for documenting patient care that focuses on problems identified and the interventions taken to address them.

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    SOAP notes

    A commonly used format for documenting under POMR, focusing on subjective data, objective data, assessment, and plan of action.

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    PIE notes

    A common format for documenting under POMR, focusing on patient problem, interventions, and evaluation of the interventions.

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    Documentation Guidelines

    Factual, accurate, complete, current, and organized.

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    Progress Notes

    Notes that record information about the patient's condition and their treatment.

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    Patient's Chart

    A medical record that summarizes all the patient's past medical history, immunizations, allergies, medications, etc.

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    Abbreviations

    The use of shortened forms or symbols to represent words or phrases in medical documentation.

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    Chart Auditing

    The process of reviewing the patient's records to ensure completeness and accuracy.

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    Critical Adverse Event

    A serious, unexpected event that causes severe harm to a client, such as death or severe injury.

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    Short Staffing

    A situation where there are too few nurses to provide safe and effective care to patients.

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    Lateral Violence

    Hostile behavior directed at nurses by other healthcare professionals, such as bullying or intimidation.

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    RACE Fire Safety Plan

    A system designed to help staff respond to a fire, ensuring the safety of everyone in the building.

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    Emergency Preparedness Plan

    A plan designed to prepare for and respond to emergencies, such as natural disasters or active shooter events.

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    Bed Enclosure

    A type of restraint used to prevent patients from getting out of bed or moving around.

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    Chemical Restraint

    A medication used to calm or sedate a patient, sometimes used as a restraint.

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    Falls Risk Interventions

    Measures taken to prevent falls, such as grab bars, non-slip mats, and bed alarms.

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    Seclusion

    A method of restraint where a patient is placed in a locked room alone.

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    Side Rails

    A type of restraint used to protect a patient's head during a seizure.

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    Narrative Note

    A type of progress note that uses a story-like format to document the patient's care.

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    Focus Charting (DAR)

    A progress note format that focuses on data, action, and response, using a specific format to document patient care.

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    PIE Charting

    A progress note format that focuses on the patient's problem, the interventions provided, and the evaluation of the intervention's effectiveness.

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    Admission Nursing History Form

    A tool used to gather a comprehensive assessment of the patient, including their medical history, psychosocial factors, and current health status.

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    Patient Care Summary

    A concise summary of the patient's current status, including key information about their diagnosis, treatment, and progress.

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    Standard Care Plans or Clinical Practice Guidelines

    Standardized plans of care that outline evidence-based interventions and expected outcomes for specific conditions or needs.

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    Discharge Summary Form

    A document that summarizes the patient's hospital stay and outlines their discharge plan, including medications, follow-up appointments, and community resources.

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    Incident Report

    A document used to record unexpected events or occurrences that may deviate from routine patient care.

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    Two Client Identifiers

    The use of two identifiers, such as name and date of birth, to ensure the accurate identification of a patient.

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    I-SBAR-R

    A structured communication tool that promotes effective communication among healthcare providers, particularly during handoffs and transitions in care.

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    Medication Safety Documentation

    A method of ensuring medication safety by meticulously documenting the medication, dose, date, and time of administration.

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    Nosocomial Infections (HAI)

    Infections acquired in a healthcare setting, including central line-associated bloodstream infection (CLABSI), catheter-associated urinary tract infection (CAUTI), and ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP).

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    Universal Protocol: Prevention of Adverse Events in Surgery

    A process used to ensure the correct surgical procedure is performed on the correct patient and at the correct site, involving a series of safety checks and a time-out before surgery.

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    Near Miss

    An event that could have caused harm to a patient but was avoided due to timely intervention or mitigation.

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    Client Safety Event

    An unexpected event that occurred with or without patient injury but had the potential to cause harm.

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    Study Notes

    Purposes of Healthcare Records

    • Communication: Records facilitate communication among healthcare providers.
    • Legal Documentation: Records serve as legal documentation of care provided.
    • Reimbursement: Records are essential for insurance reimbursements.
    • Research: Records can be utilized for research purposes.
    • Educational Tools: Records can be used as teaching materials.
    • Auditing & Monitoring: Records support auditing and monitoring of care quality.
    • Accuracy: Records must be accurate and reflect factual observations, not opinions.

    • Timeliness: Records should be documented immediately at the point of care.

    • Completeness: Documentation should include all pertinent information about the care provided to the client and the patient’s response to care.

    • Organization: Records should be organized in a logical order.

    • Legibility: Records must be legible.

    • Use of Abbreviations: Abbreviations should be used only when consistent with established hospital policy, to prevent misinterpretations.

    • Avoid Erasures: Use correct spelling, avoid corrections that erase existing information.

    • Do not Falsify: Do not alter or falsify records; this is a criminal offense.

    • Irrelevant Information: Do not include irrelevant information, which can be an invasion of privacy.

    • No Opinion: Do not document your opinion; just facts.

    • No Excuses: Don't chart excuses for not performing actions.

    • Do Not:

      • Document a symptom without also documenting actions taken.
      • Alter a patient's record (criminal).
      • Use correction fluid (not allowed).
      • Chart ahead (falsification).
      • Chart irrelevant information (privacy concern).

    Confidentiality & Security

    • Confidentiality: Maintain the privacy of client information both in written and verbal communications.
    • Ethical Considerations: The Nightingale Pledge and Code for Nurses emphasize confidentiality.
    • HIPAA (Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act): Protects patient information and governs how it's managed. Mandatory adherence for all entities handling patient data began in 2003.
    • Protected Health Information (PHI): Identifiable health information (e.g., name, date of birth, medical record number).
    • Secure Storage: Maintain physical records in secure locations, and use password-protected electronic systems.
    • Avoid Unauthorized Disclosure: Do not disclose confidential information to unauthorized individuals.

    Quality Guidelines for Documentation

    • Factual Documentation: Record subjective data (client statements) as direct quotes or summaries and objective data (observations).
    • Accurate Documentation: Use precise measurements (e.g., vital signs) and avoid irrelevant information.
    • Complete Documentation: Include the actions taken to address the problem and the patient's response.
    • Timely/Current Documentation: Document observations immediately at the point of care.
    • Organized Documentation: Use a logical order, apply the nursing process.

    Record Keeping Methods

    • Flow Charts: Visual displays for trends in various measurements (vital signs).
    • Narrative Documentation: Detailed, organized descriptions of patient care, a story-like format.
    • Charting by Exception (CBE): Detailed documentation for abnormal findings only.
    • Problem-Oriented Medical Records: Organized by problem or diagnosis; examples include SOAP and PIE charts.

    Hand-off Reports

    • Purpose: To effectively transition patient care between shifts or providers.
    • Content: Contains crucial information needed for continuous care, typically summarized as I-SBAR-R.
    • Examples: Bedside reports, admissions/discharges, transfers.

    Informatics and Quality Healthcare

    • Relationship: Informatics significantly enhances quality, safety, and effectiveness in healthcare.
    • Technology Impact: Computers, technology, and informatics improve healthcare through speed, communication, and data access.

    Technology and Informatics

    • Definitions: Technology is physical tools, informatics is the use of information and technology in healthcare.
    • Categories: Computerized systems, electronic health records (EHRs), healthcare applications.
    • Impact: EHRs improve data access, continuity of care, and reduced medical errors.

    Electronic Health Records (EHRs)

    • Advantages: Standardization, accuracy, confidentiality, easy access, continuity of care, rapid information acquisition.
    • Disadvantages: Learning curve, error correction, maintaining security.
    • Common Forms: Admission nursing history forms, patient care summaries, care plans, discharge summaries.

    Hand-off Reports (I-SBAR-R)

    • Structure: Introduction, situation, background, assessment, recommendation, repeat/read back
    • Purpose: Effective patient information exchange during transitions of care (e.g. shift changes).

    Medication Safety

    • Accurate Medication Lists: Maintain accurate and up-to-date medication lists.
    • Patient Education: Educate clients and families about medications, dosage, and administration.
    • Precautions: Watch for potential drug interactions, special instructions, precautions (e.g., anticoagulants).
    • Compare home medications with newly prescribed medications.

    Preventing Hospital-Acquired Infections

    • Nosocomial Infections: Infections contracted during a hospital stay (e.g., central line-associated bloodstream infections, surgical site infections, ventilator-associated pneumonia).
    • Prevention Strategies: Standard precautions and clean glove use.

    Universal Protocol for Preventing Adverse Events in Surgery

    • Mandatory Pause: A critical safety check-point before beginning a procedure.
    • Safety Checks: Verification of correct patient, site, and procedure.

    Creating a Culture of Safety

    • Nurse's Role: Identify and report potential risks, near misses, and actual safety events to increase knowledge/awareness of inherent risks; participate in system and individual performance improvement.
    • Event Types: Unexpected events (near miss, client safety event, adverse event, sentinel event).

    Safety Assessments

    • Client Identification: Critical for proper care.
    • Multiple Safety Considerations: Electrical safety, chemical safety, radiation safety, hospital-acquired injury prevention.
    • Specific Hospital Safety Concerns: Falls, restraints, seizures, fires.

    Using Restraints

    • Never PRN orders: Restraints should have specific orders.
    • Documentation: Reason, type, location, time frame, purpose.
    • Alternatives to restraints: Sitter, diversional activities, clear communication with families to address patient needs.

    Patient Safety in Hospitals

    • Client Identification: Always follow steps for proper patient identification
    • Types of Restraints: Includes mechanical, physical, chemical (medication) barriers and seclusion procedures and orders.

    Seizures

    • Precautions: Suction, oxygen, padded side rails, remove constrictive clothing.
    • Actions During Seizure: Call for help, side-lying position, protect head, clear the environment.

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    Description

    Test your knowledge on the ethical standards surrounding patient health records and confidentiality in nursing. This quiz covers key concepts including HIPAA, technology impacts, and the relationship between privacy and confidentiality in healthcare.

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