Nursing Chapter 28 Flashcards

Questions and Answers

What is important to research when caring for a patient with a tracheostomy?

The purpose and type of trach the patient has, how to correctly suction a trach.

What must be maintained in the pleural space for the lungs to expand when the chest wall expands?

Negative pressure.

Why might a patient with low oxygen saturation misinterpret stimuli?

Lack of oxygen to the brain causes the inability to reason and use normal judgment.

What information do arterial blood gases provide?

Bicarbonate level, partial pressure of oxygen in blood, pH of the blood, partial pressure of CO2 in blood. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following aspects of obtaining an arterial blood gas sample differs from obtaining a venous blood sample? (Select all that apply)

The syringe is placed on ice after the sample is drawn Signup and view all the answers

How will you know if patient teaching about the incentive spirometer was effective?

The patient will demonstrate the correct use of the spirometer and correctly answer questions about its purpose. Signup and view all the answers

Which description is most accurate regarding the mechanics of breathing?

Breathing is involuntary and occurs because of the movement of the diaphragm and intercostal muscles. Signup and view all the answers

What initiates contraction of the diaphragm?

The medulla sending impulses to the phrenic nerve. Signup and view all the answers

Explain internal and external respirations.

Internal respiration occurs when oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged between the bloodstream and body cells. External respiration occurs when oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged in the alveoli and lung capillaries. Signup and view all the answers

What is the advantage of using a Yankauer suction device or tonsil tip to suction the patient's mouth?

If the patient bites down, the device will not be damaged and can still be used for suction. Signup and view all the answers

What action will you take if a patient with a trach who is not connected to a ventilator begins to choke when drinking water?

Inflate the cuff if it is not fully inflated. Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of inserting chest tubes?

To reestablish negative pressure within the pleural space. Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the water seal in a chest tube drainage unit?

To reestablish negative pressure in the pleural space and to prevent air from entering the pleural space through the chest tube. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following signs and symptoms would indicate your patient is beginning to become hypoxic? (Select all that apply)

Becomes irritated when you try to help him turn Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Trachostomy Care

Understanding the purpose and type of trach is essential before providing care.
Correct suctioning techniques for tracheostomy patients must be researched and practiced.

Lung Expansion

Negative pressure in the pleural space is critical for lung expansion during chest wall movement.

Oxygen Saturation and Cognitive Function

Low oxygen saturation can impair brain function, resulting in misinterpretation of stimuli and poor judgment.

Arterial Blood Gases (ABGs)

ABGs provide important values including:
- Bicarbonate level
- Partial pressure of oxygen in the blood
- Blood pH
- Partial pressure of carbon dioxide in the blood

Arterial vs. Venous Blood Samples

Unique aspects of arterial blood gas sampling include:
- Use of a syringe with heparin to prevent clotting.
- Sample collection from an artery rather than a vein.
- Insertion of the needle into a cork post-collection to avoid air contamination.
- Placement of the syringe on ice after sample collection.

Incentive Spirometer Teaching

Effective patient teaching is demonstrated when the patient correctly uses the spirometer and accurately describes its purpose.

Mechanics of Breathing

Breathing is an involuntary process driven by the contraction of the diaphragm and intercostal muscles.

Diaphragm Contraction

The medulla initiates diaphragm contraction through impulses sent to the phrenic nerve.

Internal and External Respiration

Internal respiration involves the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the bloodstream and body cells.
External respiration occurs between the alveoli and lung capillaries.

Yankauer Suction Device Advantage

The Yankauer suction device or tonsil tip allows continued use despite being bitten down, maintaining its functionality during suctioning.

Tracheostomy Cuff Inflation

If a tracheostomy patient begins to choke while drinking, it is essential to inflate the cuff if it is not fully inflated to prevent aspiration.

Chest Tube Purpose

Chest tubes are used to reestablish negative pressure in the pleural space.

Water Seal in Chest Tube Drainage Unit

The water seal in a chest tube drainage unit serves to maintain negative pressure in the pleural space and to prevent air entry through the chest tube.

Signs of Hypoxia

Indicators of hypoxia may include changes in respiratory rate, irritability during assistance, confusion regarding location, and complaints of pain above the eyes.

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Description

Test your knowledge with flashcards based on Chapter 28 related to patient care and respiratory health. These flashcards cover essential concepts such as trachostomy care, lung expansion, and the effects of low oxygen saturation. Perfect for nursing students and professionals looking to reinforce their understanding.