Nursing Care of Life-Threatening Conditions

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Questions and Answers

Which symptom would best help differentiate between angina and myocardial infarction (MI)?

Angina can occur for longer than 30 min. (correct)

The pain of an MI resolves in less than 15 min.

The type of activity that causes an MI can be identified.

Angina can be relieved by the administration of beta-blockers.

Which cardiac enzyme is most indicative of a myocardial infarction that occurred two weeks prior?

Troponin I (correct)

Myoglobin

CK-MB

Natriuretic peptides

What is the primary purpose of prescribing one aspirin per day to a client?

Aspirin relieves symptoms of angina.

Aspirin reduces inflammation in heart tissues.

Aspirin prevents the formation of blood clots. (correct)

Aspirin dissolves existing blood clots in arteries.

What statement indicates that a client understands the use of metoprolol?

I should check with my doctor if my pulse rate drops below 60. Signup and view all the answers

Which lifestyle change should be prioritized to prevent angina and myocardial infarctions?

Diet modification. Signup and view all the answers

If a client with heart failure reports increased shortness of breath, what is the nurse's initial action?

Assist the client into high-Fowler's position. Signup and view all the answers

What is a common misconception regarding the treatment of angina with nitroglycerin?

Nitroglycerin dissolves existing clots. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about dyspnea in relation to myocardial infarction (MI) is accurate?

Dyspnea can occur due to fluid buildup from heart failure. Signup and view all the answers

What is an effective method for a client with heart failure to track fluid intake limitations?

Pour the amount of fluid consumed into a 2-liter bottle to monitor intake. Signup and view all the answers

Which food should a client with heart failure limit due to its sodium content?

Cheddar cheese, 2 oz Signup and view all the answers

Which statement indicates that a client understands dietary potassium enhancement after heart failure education?

I will increase my intake of white rice. Signup and view all the answers

What is the first medication a nurse should expect to administer to a client experiencing an allergic reaction to a bee sting?

Epinephrine (Adrenaline) Signup and view all the answers

Which assessment finding is expected in a client who is in shock?

Weak, thready pulse Signup and view all the answers

What action should a nurse anticipate when assisting with hemodynamic monitoring for a client?

Assisting with insertion of a pulmonary artery catheter. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a sign that a client is experiencing shock?

Respiratory rate of 42/min Signup and view all the answers

Which statement is true regarding dietary sodium restrictions for a patient with heart failure?

Canned foods must always be checked for sodium content. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Nursing Care of Clients with Life-Threatening Conditions

Angina vs. MI: Angina pain is relieved with rest and nitroglycerin, while MI pain typically lasts longer than 15 minutes.
Lifestyle Changes for Angina/MI Prevention (Priority): Diet modification takes priority over relaxation exercises or smoking cessation in preventing angina and myocardial infarction.
Heart Failure & Shortness of Breath: For a client with heart failure and shortness of breath, increasing oxygen by protocol should be followed by assessing lung sounds, checking oxygen saturation, and then obtaining the client's weight before assisting the client into a high-Fowler's position.
Fluid Intake Management (Heart Failure): An appropriate response to a client with heart failure asking about limiting fluid intake to 2,000 mL/day is to advise the client to track their fluid intake by pouring the fluid into a 2-liter container.
Sodium Restriction in Heart Failure: A nurse should advise clients with heart failure to limit sodium intake to 2,000 mg per day. Foods to consume in limited quantities include cheddar cheese (2 oz), hot dogs, canned tuna (3 oz), roast chicken breast (3 oz), and baked ham.
Potassium Increase in Heart Failure: Clients with heart failure should be encouraged to increase their potassium intake; clients should understand this by eating foods like white rice.
Aspirin Prescription (Reason): Aspirin is prescribed to reduce blood clot formation, which may cause a heart attack.
Metoprolol Teaching (Client Understanding): A client demonstrating understanding of metoprolol teaching would state "I will call my doctor if my pulse rate is less than 60."
Allergic Reaction to Bee Sting (First Response): The first medication to give in case of an allergic reaction to a bee sting is epinephrine (adrenaline) IV.
Shock Assessment: In a client experiencing shock, the nurse should expect to find a rapid heart rate of over 60 bpm, respiratory rate of 42/min, and a weak, thready pulse with diminished blood pressure.
Hemodynamic Monitoring: A nurse anticipating hemodynamic monitoring procedures should anticipate assisting with the insertion of a pulmonary artery catheter.

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Description

This quiz covers essential nursing care practices for clients with life-threatening conditions, including differentiating between angina and myocardial infarction, lifestyle changes for prevention, and management of heart failure. It focuses on critical assessments, interventions, and client education regarding fluid and sodium restrictions.