32 Questions
What is the primary cause of hypothyroidism worldwide?
Iodine deficiency
What is the characteristic of the hair in patients with hypothyroidism?
Coarse and sparse
What is the effect of hypothyroidism on the menstrual cycle in females?
Irregular cycles
What is the characteristic of the skin in patients with hypothyroidism?
Firm and non-pitting
What is the effect of hypothyroidism on the gastrointestinal tract?
Decreased motility leading to constipation
What is the effect of hypothyroidism on the thyroid glands?
Atrophy of the thyroid glands
What is the prevalence of congenital hypothyroidism?
0.2‰
What is the term for the condition that affects about 5% of all women within a year of giving birth?
Postpartum thyroiditis
What is the primary cause of hyperthyroidism in most cases?
Graves' disease
Which of the following symptoms is NOT typically associated with hyperthyroidism?
Weight gain
What is the term for the protrusion of the eye balls due to excessive growth and degeneration of tissues behind the eye?
Graves' ophthalmopathy
What is the primary cause of hypothyroidism worldwide?
Iodine deficiency
What is the term for the maldevelopment or complete absence of the thyroid gland in a newborn?
Cretinism
What is the primary goal of nursing management for hyperthyroid patients?
Provide high-calorie food
Which of the following is NOT a symptom of cretinism?
Enlargement of the thyroid gland
What is the term for inflammation of the thyroid gland?
Thyroiditis
Which of the following hormones is not secreted by the hypothalamus-pituitary complex?
Cortisol
What distinguishes exocrine glands from endocrine glands?
They secrete biochemical substances into ducts.
Type II diabetes mellitus is mostly associated with:
Insulin resistance and obesity
Which of the following is NOT a symptom of hyperglycemia?
Hypoosmolality
Which hormone secreted by the thyroid gland lowers plasma calcium levels?
Calcitonin
Which condition does not require insulin replacement therapy?
Type II diabetes mellitus
What are the primary cells and their secretions in the Islets of Langerhans?
Alpha cells - glucagon, Beta cells - insulin, Delta cells - somatostatin
What is the role of T3 and T4 hormones in metabolism?
They enhance the metabolism of all body tissues
Which management strategy is NOT listed for managing hyperglycemia?
Anti-inflammatory drugs
What is the cause of diabetic ketoacidosis?
Inadequate endogenous insulin secretion
What is the primary difference between Type I and Type II diabetes mellitus?
Type I results from autoimmune destruction, Type II results from insulin resistance.
Which condition involves overactivity of the thyroid gland?
Hyperthyroidism
Which glands are categorized as endocrine and not exocrine?
Adrenal and thyroid glands
Which hormone is NOT secreted by the thyroid gland?
Insulin
Which is a primary function of the hormone Calcitonin?
Lowering plasma calcium level
Which type of breathing is associated with metabolic acidosis?
Kussmaul breathing
This quiz covers the basics of endocrine glands, their functions, and the nursing care of endocrine disorders. It includes topics such as the hypothalamus-pituitary complex, thyroid gland, parathyroid gland, and adrenal gland.
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