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Questions and Answers
What is the most appropriate comfort measure to be taken immediately after an episiotomy?
What is the most appropriate comfort measure to be taken immediately after an episiotomy?
What indicates placental separation?
What indicates placental separation?
What is the appropriate nursing intervention during the third stage of labor?
What is the appropriate nursing intervention during the third stage of labor?
What is the duration of the third stage of labor?
What is the duration of the third stage of labor?
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What is the primary purpose of the alpha-fetoprotein analysis?
What is the primary purpose of the alpha-fetoprotein analysis?
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Pain management for dysmenorrhea includes:
Pain management for dysmenorrhea includes:
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What is dysmenorrhea?
What is dysmenorrhea?
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What can be used to help with pain after 24 hours of an episiotomy?
What can be used to help with pain after 24 hours of an episiotomy?
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Which of the following is NOT a sign or symptom of substance abuse?
Which of the following is NOT a sign or symptom of substance abuse?
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In the context of domestic violence screening, what does the 'V' in SAVE stand for?
In the context of domestic violence screening, what does the 'V' in SAVE stand for?
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The Abuse Assessment Screening is a?
The Abuse Assessment Screening is a?
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What is the PRIMARY goal of interventions for abused women?
What is the PRIMARY goal of interventions for abused women?
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Gestational diabetes is diagnosed when?
Gestational diabetes is diagnosed when?
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When is diabetes screening recommended for high-risk pregnant patients?
When is diabetes screening recommended for high-risk pregnant patients?
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Which of the following conditions is NOT considered a risk factor for developing gestational diabetes?
Which of the following conditions is NOT considered a risk factor for developing gestational diabetes?
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Which of the following factors would be MOST likely to prompt a nurse to screen a pregnant patient for domestic violence?
Which of the following factors would be MOST likely to prompt a nurse to screen a pregnant patient for domestic violence?
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Which of the following maternal complications can be seen in those with gestational or pregestational diabetes?
Which of the following maternal complications can be seen in those with gestational or pregestational diabetes?
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What is the recommended dietary approach for pregnant patients with diabetes or gestational diabetes?
What is the recommended dietary approach for pregnant patients with diabetes or gestational diabetes?
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What is considered an abnormal two-hour blood glucose tolerance test result in a pregnant patient?
What is considered an abnormal two-hour blood glucose tolerance test result in a pregnant patient?
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What fetal complications can be seen in patients with gestational or pregestational diabetes?
What fetal complications can be seen in patients with gestational or pregestational diabetes?
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Which of the following factors are considered risk factors for gestational diabetes?
Which of the following factors are considered risk factors for gestational diabetes?
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What are the two requirements for a diagnosis of gestational diabetes?
What are the two requirements for a diagnosis of gestational diabetes?
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At what stage of pregnancy should diabetes screening be performed for patients with no risk factors?
At what stage of pregnancy should diabetes screening be performed for patients with no risk factors?
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What measures should be avoided during labor for a patient who is HIV positive?
What measures should be avoided during labor for a patient who is HIV positive?
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What is the recommended gestational age for performing an amniocentesis to determine fetal lung maturity?
What is the recommended gestational age for performing an amniocentesis to determine fetal lung maturity?
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Why should the client's bladder be emptied prior to an amniocentesis?
Why should the client's bladder be emptied prior to an amniocentesis?
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What is a potential reason for a low alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) level in a pregnant woman?
What is a potential reason for a low alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) level in a pregnant woman?
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What nursing action is NOT performed during the amniocentesis procedure?
What nursing action is NOT performed during the amniocentesis procedure?
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Which of the following is a potential complication of amniocentesis?
Which of the following is a potential complication of amniocentesis?
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What is the purpose of placing a wedge under the client's right hip during the amniocentesis procedure?
What is the purpose of placing a wedge under the client's right hip during the amniocentesis procedure?
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Why is an amniocentesis performed at 35 weeks?
Why is an amniocentesis performed at 35 weeks?
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In the context of amniocentesis, what does 'oligohydramnios' mean and what action is taken?
In the context of amniocentesis, what does 'oligohydramnios' mean and what action is taken?
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Flashcards
Dysmenorrhea
Dysmenorrhea
Significantly painful menstruation.
Treatment for Dysmenorrhea
Treatment for Dysmenorrhea
NSAIDs, oral contraceptives, heat packs, rest, hydration.
Third Stage of Labor
Third Stage of Labor
Placental delivery occurs.
Duration of Third Stage
Duration of Third Stage
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Signs of Placental Separation
Signs of Placental Separation
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Postpartum Ice Application
Postpartum Ice Application
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Postpartum Heat Application
Postpartum Heat Application
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Alpha-fetoprotein Analysis
Alpha-fetoprotein Analysis
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Chromosomal Abnormality Screening
Chromosomal Abnormality Screening
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Amniocentesis
Amniocentesis
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Indications for Amniocentesis
Indications for Amniocentesis
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Nursing Actions Pre-Amniocentesis
Nursing Actions Pre-Amniocentesis
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Client Position During Amniocentesis
Client Position During Amniocentesis
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Monitoring After Amniocentesis
Monitoring After Amniocentesis
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Rhogam Injection
Rhogam Injection
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False Positives in Screening
False Positives in Screening
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Diabetes Screening Timing
Diabetes Screening Timing
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Abnormal 2-hour Glucose
Abnormal 2-hour Glucose
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Diagnosis of Gestational Diabetes
Diagnosis of Gestational Diabetes
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Fetal Complications from Diabetes
Fetal Complications from Diabetes
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Maternal Complications from Diabetes
Maternal Complications from Diabetes
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Nutrition for Diabetic Pregnancies
Nutrition for Diabetic Pregnancies
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HIV Transmission
HIV Transmission
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Delivery for HIV Positive Patients
Delivery for HIV Positive Patients
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Signs of Substance Abuse
Signs of Substance Abuse
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SAVE Model
SAVE Model
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Abuse Assessment Screening
Abuse Assessment Screening
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Goal for Abused Women Interventions
Goal for Abused Women Interventions
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Gestational Diabetes
Gestational Diabetes
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Intimate Partner Violence Indicators
Intimate Partner Violence Indicators
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Emotional Impact of Abuse
Emotional Impact of Abuse
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Study Notes
Test 2 OB/GYN Study Notes
- Dysmenorrhea: Significantly painful menstruation
- Dysmenorrhea Treatment: NSAIDs, oral contraceptives (reduce bleeding), heat packs, rest, hydration
- Third Stage of Labor: Placental delivery
- Third Stage Duration: 5-30 minutes
- Placental Separation Indication: Firmly contracting fundus, changing uterus shape (discoid to globular), gush of dark blood, lengthening of the umbilical cord
- Nursing Interventions (Placental Delivery): Instruct pushing, administer oxytocin as ordered, position comfort, provide warmth, apply ice (if episiotomy), explain assessments to come, monitor the mother's physical status. Record birth statistics
- Ice vs. Heat (Postpartum): Ice immediately after lacerations or episiotomies. Heat after 24 hours for pain relief.
- Episiotomy/Laceration Comfort Measures: Ice packs (24 hours), warm water rinses, witch hazel pads, steroid hemorrhoid cream, benzocaine spray, pain medications (NSAIDs), positioning.
- Alpha-Fetoprotein Analysis: Measures mother's blood to screen for neural tube defects or chromosomal abnormalities (high = neural tube defect suspicion, low = trisomy 21 or 18 suspicion). Test at 16-18 weeks.
- Amniocentesis: Collection of amniotic fluid to diagnose chromosomal or neural tube defects and metabolic defects. Performed at 15-20 weeks for abnormalities; 35 weeks for fetal lung maturity.
- Pre-Amniocentesis Nursing Actions: Explain procedure, obtain informed consent, have client empty bladder, obtain vitals and FHR, reduce risk of inadvertent puncture.
- Amniocentesis Nursing Actions (during): Supine position with wedge, drape client, cleanse abdomen, use antiseptic solution, local anesthetic administration.
- Post-Amniocentesis Nursing Actions: Monitor vitals, FHR, uterine contractions (30 minutes), rest for 30 minutes, Rh negative evaluation and Rhogam injection as needed.
- SAVE Model (Domestic Violence): Screen all clients, ask direct non-judgmental questions, validate the client by believing them, evaluate, educate, and refer if necessary.
- Abuse Assessment Screening: 4-question test for Intimate Partner Violence (IPV); any "yes" result is positive for abuse.
- Goal of Interventions (Abused Women): Empower them and improve their self-esteem to regain control of their lives.
- Gestational Diabetes: Glucose intolerance and insulin resistance during pregnancy (around 24 weeks)
- Diabetes Screening (High-Risk): First prenatal visit.
- Diabetes Screening (No Risk Factors): During 24-28 weeks of pregnancy.
- Abnormal 2-Hour Glucose Tolerance Test: Greater than 120
- Gestational Diabetes Diagnosis: Abnormal 2-hour AND 3-hour glucose tolerance test required.
- Fetal Complications (Gestational/Pre-gestational Diabetes): Congenital abnormalities, cardiac issues, IUGR, stillbirth, macrosomia, birth trauma, polyhydramnios, hyperbilirubinemia, and neonatal hypoglycemia.
- Maternal Complications (Gestational/Pre-gestational Diabetes): Hypotonic labor, shoulder dystocia, gestational hypertension, ketoacidosis, preterm labor, and postpartum hemorrhage.
- Prenatal Diabetic Dietary Recommendations: 3 small meals and 3 small snacks including a bedtime snack. 40% calories from complex carbs, 35% from protein, and 25% from unsaturated fats.
- HIV Transmission to Fetus: During pregnancy, labor, delivery, and breastfeeding (depends on viral load).
- HIV-Positive Delivery Methods: Depends on viral load.
- HIV-Positive Labor Precautions: Avoid instrumentation (episiotomy), internal monitoring (FSE and IUPC) reduce fetal exposure to bodily fluids, and avoid vacuum-assisted delivery, forceps.
- Most Common Pregnancy Anemia Type: Iron deficiency anemia
- Iron Deficiency Anemia Risks: Preterm labor, low birth weight, and perinatal mortality. Postpartum depression, and hemorrhage.
- Iron Deficiency Anemia Symptoms: Fatigue, malaise, anorexia, headaches, susceptibility to infection, pica, pale mucous membranes, tachycardia, restless leg syndrome, and low hemoglobin (<11), low hematocrit (<35%), low serum iron (<30)
- Iron Deficiency Anemia Treatment: Encourage taking iron with vitamin C (ascorbic acid) with meals to promote absorption
- Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome Symptoms: Irritability, hypertonicity, seizures, jitteriness, fever, high pitched cry, vomiting, diarrhea, feeding disturbances, disturbed sleep, respiratory distress, diaphoresis
- Maternal Risks (Older Pregnancy): Infertility, pregnancy loss, chromosomal abnormalities, stillbirth, obstetrics complications, chronic HTN, gestational diabetes, and postpartum hemorrhage.
- Cardiac Decompensation Assessment: Every visit, but most commonly at 28-32 weeks
- Rubella: A viral infection spread through droplets or direct contact; complications for fetus include congenital cataracts, glaucoma, cardiac defects, microcephaly, hearing loss, and intellectual disabilities.
- Cytomegalovirus: A common viral infection that can be transmitted through droplets. Greatest risk to fetus is in the first trimester or early second trimester.
- Herpes Simplex Virus Management: Prophylactic antiviral at 36 weeks, Cesarean section if active lesions
- Hepatitis B Positive Mothers: Vagainal delivery is possible
- Hepatitis B Treatment Recommendations (Baby): Hep B vaccine and Hep B immunoglobulin within 12 hours of birth—breastfeeding is okay.
- Cardiovascular Changes Exacerbating/Exposing Diseases: Increased cardiac output
- ABO Incompatibility: Usually occurs in type O mothers with type A or B fetuses, not harmful to the mother. May cause jaundice and anemia in the fetus
- Rh Incompatibility: Mother's antibodies cross the placenta if mother is Rh negative and fetus is positive, causing erythroblastosis fetalis (hydrops) in the fetus, not harmful to the mother.
- Polyhydramnios: Excess amniotic fluid (>2000 mL); risk factors: gestational diabetes, fetal genetic disorders or GI obstructions, and multiple fetuses.
- Oligohydramnios: Insufficient amniotic fluid (<500 mL); risk factors: fetal urinary obstruction, reduced blood flow from maternal HTN or diabetes, or leakage of fluid)
- Chronic Hypertension: Onset of hypertension (above 140/90) before pregnancy or before 20 weeks gestation—antihypertensive meds are recommended for these patients.
- Superimposed Pre-eclampsia: Pre-eclampsia occurring in a woman with existing chronic hypertension.
- Gestational Hypertension: Onset of hypertension without proteinuria after 20 weeks of pregnancy, doesn't usually persist longer than 12 weeks postpartum
- Pre-eclampsia: Hypertension and proteinuria after 20 weeks gestation, mild (>/=140/90,>/= 1+ proteinuria) and severe (>/=160/110, >/= 3+ proteins).
- Mild Pre-eclampsia Treatment: Bed rest, BP monitoring, fetal movement counts, IV magnesium sulfate during labor
- Severe Pre-eclampsia Treatment: Hospitalization, antihypertensive medications, oxytocin to induce labor if necessary and magnesium sulfate.
- Increased DTRs (Deep Tendon Reflexes): Indicates possible impending seizure in pre-eclamptic mothers
- Antihypertensive Medications (PO/IV for preeclampsia): Labetalol, hydralazine, and nifedipine (procardia).
- Therapeutic Magnesium Level (Pregnancy): 8-10 mg/dL.
- Magnesium Toxicity Signs: Decreased BP, decreased urine output, decreased respiratory rate, decreased DTRs
- Magnesium Toxicity Treatment: Calcium gluconate
- Eclampsia: Seizure activity or coma in a woman with pre-eclampsia with no prior history of seizures
- HELLP Syndrome Symptoms: Severe epigastric or right upper quadrant pain, abdominal pain, and altered LOC.
- Dystocia of Labor Causes: Pelvic/birth canal issues, excessive size of the fetus; abnormal positions of the fetus and uterine contractions issues
- Precipitous Labor: Completion of labor (contraction to delivery) in less than 3 hours.
- Preterm Labor: Labor between 20 and 37 weeks gestation
- Indomethacin: A tocolytic (labor stopping) drug with contraindications in patients with less than 32 weeks gestation—can cause premature closure of the PDA.
- Contraction Pattern (Preterm Labor): 4 contractions every 20 minutes or 8 contractions in 1 hour
- Fetal Fibronectin Test: Determines if labor is imminent. Negative results are a strong indicator that preterm labor is unlikely in 2 weeks.
- Reliable Preterm Labor Prediction: Measurement of the cervix(e.g., transvaginal ultrasound).
- Postterm Labor: Labor after 42 weeks gestation.
- Labor Induction Methods: Mechanical (e.g., balloon catheter, stripping membranes), alternative methods and herbal supplements (e.g., hot baths, intercourse, evening primrose oil), and pharmacologic (e.g., misoprostol, dinoprostone).
- Bishop Score (≥8): Indicates a good candidate for induction or augmentation of labor.
- Bishop Score: Measures cervical ripeness.
- Indications (Forceps/Vacuum Assisted Birth): Maternal heart disease, dense epidurals, fetal distress, membranes ruptured, cervix dilated, fetus is vertex and engaged, maternal pelvis size is adequate.
- Amnioinfusion Indications: Severe variable decelerations due to cord compression, oligohydramnios due to placental insufficiency, postmaturity, or rupture of membranes, preterm labor with premature ROM, thick meconium, or fluid.
- Contraindications for Vaginal Birth after Cesarean: Classic incision, previous myomectomy.
- Rationale for Prostaglandin Use before Induction: Soften and efface the cervix.
- Shoulder Dystocia: Fetal shoulder obstruction of vaginal delivery.
- Cord Prolapse Indications: Presenting part of the fetus is above the cervix.
- Uterine Rupture Indications: Tear in the uterus.
- Amniotic Fluid Embolism Factors: Placental abruption, uterine overdistension, fetal demise, uterine trauma, amnioinfusion, or ROM.
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Description
Test your knowledge on essential nursing interventions and considerations in maternal health, including relevant assessments and management techniques. This quiz covers critical topics such as episiotomy care, labor stages, and gestational diabetes. Perfect for nursing students or professionals seeking to refresh their understanding of maternal nursing.
