Nursing Care for Urinary Retention

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Questions and Answers

What are the key characteristics and causes of hypovolemic shock?

Hypovolemic shock is characterized by inadequate tissue perfusion due to blood loss, and its causes include dehydration, diuretics, and hemorrhage.

Describe the main intervention strategies for managing cardiogenic shock.

In managing cardiogenic shock, main interventions include oxygen therapy, pain control, fluid management, and possibly surgical options like pacemaker placement.

What physiological changes lead to neurogenic shock, and how can it be treated?

Neurogenic shock results from a disruption in autonomic nervous system control, causing a decrease in blood pressure; treatment includes raising the legs, administering oxygen, and providing fluids.

Identify a cause of obstructive shock and explain a relevant emergency intervention.

A common cause of obstructive shock is tension pneumothorax, and a relevant emergency intervention is the administration of oxygen therapy along with anticoagulants. Signup and view all the answers

Explain how tissue perfusion is affected in all types of shock.

In all types of shock, tissue perfusion is inadequate due to either insufficient blood volume, ineffective pumping, or obstructions, which compromises oxygen and nutrient delivery. Signup and view all the answers

What are the primary nursing care interventions for a patient with a urinary catheter?

Nursing care interventions include checking if the catheter requires emptying, ensuring there are no loops or kinks, confirming secure connections, maintaining the drainage bag below bladder level, and keeping the drainage bag closed unless emptied. Signup and view all the answers

What would indicate a potential urinary tract infection in a patient?

Signs of a potential urinary tract infection include dysuria, frequency and urgency of urination, hematuria, cloudy urine, and fever. Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes a second-degree deep burn in comparison to a first-degree burn?

A second-degree deep burn affects both the epidermis and dermis, causing severe pain and requiring 2 to 6 weeks for healing, while a first-degree burn only involves the epidermis, with pain lasting 3-5 days and no scarring. Signup and view all the answers

What is the main focus of nursing care post-transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP)?

Main focuses include assessing vital signs, urinary output, providing catheter care with continuous bladder irrigation, managing fluids, and monitoring for complications like bleeding and infection. Signup and view all the answers

How is a third-degree burn different from a fourth-degree burn?

A third-degree burn involves damage to the epidermis, dermis, and subcutaneous tissue and is painless, while a fourth-degree burn extends through muscles, tendons, and bones and shows no edema, significantly impairing healing. Signup and view all the answers

What immediate action should be taken for small thermal burns?

For small thermal burns, apply cool running tap water for 20 minutes and cover with a clean damp towel. Signup and view all the answers

What prominent symptoms should be monitored for in a patient suspected of having urinary tract calculi?

Prominent symptoms to monitor include hematuria, dysuria, frequent urination, and renal colic. Signup and view all the answers

Describe the rule of nines and its significance in burn management.

The rule of nines is a technique for estimating the total body surface area burned, which is critical for calculating fluid requirements and determining the need for transfer to a burn service. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Chronic Urinary Retention

Defined as the inability to empty the bladder completely, leading to increased risk of urinary infections and bladder damage.
Common causes include urethral obstruction and urethral trauma.

Urethral Obstruction

Condition causing blockage in the urinary tract, often due to enlarged prostate, stricture, or stones.
Symptoms include difficulty urinating, weak stream, or intermittent flow.

Urethral Trauma

Injury to the urethra can result from pelvic fractures or surgical interventions.
Can lead to complications such as urinary retention and infection.

Nursing Care for Catheters

Regularly check if the catheter needs emptying and ensure consistent urine flow.
Ensure no loops or kinks in the catheter; secure connection between catheter and drainage device is essential.
Drainage bag should always be positioned below the bladder to prevent backflow.
Keep the drainage bag closed unless it needs to be emptied to reduce infection risk.

Catheter Types

Urethral Catheters:
- Inserted through the urethra into the bladder; higher risk of urinary tract infection (UTI).
- Mobility may be compromised due to the catheter pulling.
Suprapubic Catheters:
- Inserted directly into the bladder via the abdominal wall; lower risk of UTI.
- Generally offers more secure placement.

Signs and Symptoms of Conditions

Urinary Tract Infection:
- Symptoms include dysuria, frequent urination, hematuria, cloudy urine, and fever.
Urinary Tract Calculi (Kidney Stones):
- Symptoms include hematuria, dysuria, frequent urination, and renal colic.
Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia:
- Symptoms include frequency, urgency, dysuria, weak stream, and sense of incomplete emptying.

TURP Post-Operative Nursing Interventions

Assess vital signs, Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS), pain levels, and urinary output.
Conduct catheter care with continuous bladder irrigation.
Manage fluids, ensuring hydration and full blood count (FBC) are monitored.
Encourage rest and monitor for complications such as bleeding or infection.
Provide effective pain management.

Burns Classification

1st Degree: Involves only the epidermis; painful with 3-5 days healing; no scarring.
2nd Degree Partial Thickness: Involves epidermis and dermis; very painful, healing in 2 weeks; minimal scarring.
2nd Degree Deep Burns: Involves epidermis and dermis; painful but less severe, healing in 2-6 weeks; potential for hypertrophic scarring.
3rd Degree: Involves epidermis, dermis, and subcutaneous tissue; painless with no spontaneous healing.
4th Degree: Extends through all skin layers into muscle/bone; no pain or edema; no spontaneous healing.

Prehospital Burn Care

Small Thermal Burns: Cool under running water for 20 minutes; cover with a clean, damp towel.
Large Thermal Burns: Cool for 10 minutes, assess airway, breathing, and circulation first.

Cellulitis

A serious bacterial infection affecting the dermis and subcutaneous tissues.
Symptoms include redness, swelling, fever, headache, and swollen lymph glands.

Types of Shock

Hypovolemic Shock: Caused by blood loss or fluid loss; manage with fluids, blood, and oxygen therapy.
Cardiogenic Shock: Heart unable to pump effectively; management includes oxygen, pain control, fluids, and possibly surgery.
Neurogenic Shock: Resulting from severe CNS damage; interventions include leg positioning, blankets, fluids, and oxygen.
Obstructive Shock: Occurs due to physical obstruction; treatment may involve anticoagulants, oxygen therapy, and fluid management.

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Description

This quiz covers essential nursing care practices for patients with chronic urinary retention, including monitoring catheter functionality and ensuring proper drainage. Topics include checking for obstructions, ensuring catheter security, and maintaining drainage bag protocols to promote patient safety.