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Questions and Answers
What is the term used to describe a baby born at or after 42 weeks of gestation?
What is the term used to describe a baby born at or after 42 weeks of gestation?
What is the primary cause of delayed birth in post-term newborns?
What is the primary cause of delayed birth in post-term newborns?
Which of the following is NOT a maternal factor associated with post-term births?
Which of the following is NOT a maternal factor associated with post-term births?
What is the primary nursing intervention for a post-term newborn?
What is the primary nursing intervention for a post-term newborn?
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What is the term used to describe a baby born with less weight than expected for their gestational age?
What is the term used to describe a baby born with less weight than expected for their gestational age?
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Which of the following is a common condition associated with SGA (Small for Gestational Age)?
Which of the following is a common condition associated with SGA (Small for Gestational Age)?
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What is a characteristic physical appearance of a post-term newborn?
What is a characteristic physical appearance of a post-term newborn?
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Which of the following is NOT a typical assessment finding in a post-term newborn?
Which of the following is NOT a typical assessment finding in a post-term newborn?
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Which of the following is NOT a sign of respiratory distress in a newborn?
Which of the following is NOT a sign of respiratory distress in a newborn?
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What is the primary function of surfactants in the lungs?
What is the primary function of surfactants in the lungs?
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What is the medical term for lung collapse?
What is the medical term for lung collapse?
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Which of the following is a common problem associated with decreased pulmonary surfactant?
Which of the following is a common problem associated with decreased pulmonary surfactant?
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What does the ROME method assess?
What does the ROME method assess?
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What is the difference between oxygenated and deoxygenated blood?
What is the difference between oxygenated and deoxygenated blood?
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Which of the following is NOT a method of oxygen therapy?
Which of the following is NOT a method of oxygen therapy?
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What is the purpose of assessing the degree of effort a newborn is using to breathe?
What is the purpose of assessing the degree of effort a newborn is using to breathe?
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What is the primary purpose of administering Pancuronium Bromide (Pavulon) in the emergency room?
What is the primary purpose of administering Pancuronium Bromide (Pavulon) in the emergency room?
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What condition arises when air accumulates in the pleural cavity, leading to lung collapse?
What condition arises when air accumulates in the pleural cavity, leading to lung collapse?
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Which of the following is NOT a direct consequence of inadequate gas exchange (O2 & CO2) in the newborn?
Which of the following is NOT a direct consequence of inadequate gas exchange (O2 & CO2) in the newborn?
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What is the primary goal of managing hyperbilirubinemia in a newborn?
What is the primary goal of managing hyperbilirubinemia in a newborn?
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Which of these is a potential injury associated with phototherapy treatment in newborns?
Which of these is a potential injury associated with phototherapy treatment in newborns?
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What is the recommended position of the baby during phototherapy?
What is the recommended position of the baby during phototherapy?
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What is the rationale for turning off the phototherapy lights before blood extraction for bilirubin levels?
What is the rationale for turning off the phototherapy lights before blood extraction for bilirubin levels?
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Which of the following is NOT a factor to consider when examining a newborn's skin color for jaundice?
Which of the following is NOT a factor to consider when examining a newborn's skin color for jaundice?
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Which of the following is a physical assessment finding that can indicate Meningitis?
Which of the following is a physical assessment finding that can indicate Meningitis?
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Which of these is a nursing intervention employed for a patient with Meningitis?
Which of these is a nursing intervention employed for a patient with Meningitis?
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What is the most appropriate nursing intervention for the 'CARING' component of care for an infant with Meningitis?
What is the most appropriate nursing intervention for the 'CARING' component of care for an infant with Meningitis?
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Which of the following is a potential causative agent of Meningitis?
Which of the following is a potential causative agent of Meningitis?
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What is the primary focus of the 'CATCH UP' intervention for an infant with Meningitis?
What is the primary focus of the 'CATCH UP' intervention for an infant with Meningitis?
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What is the significance of the 'Radar Gaze' physical finding in an infant with Meningitis?
What is the significance of the 'Radar Gaze' physical finding in an infant with Meningitis?
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What is the purpose of providing isolation for 24 hours to an infant with Meningitis?
What is the purpose of providing isolation for 24 hours to an infant with Meningitis?
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Which of the following is a neurological assessment finding that should be monitored in infants with Meningitis?
Which of the following is a neurological assessment finding that should be monitored in infants with Meningitis?
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What are some of the key characteristics of a baby with Small for Gestational Age (SGA)?
What are some of the key characteristics of a baby with Small for Gestational Age (SGA)?
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What are some of the INTERVENTIONS for a baby with SGA?
What are some of the INTERVENTIONS for a baby with SGA?
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Which of the following is a potential complication of SGA?
Which of the following is a potential complication of SGA?
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What type of assessment is recommended for evaluating fetal development, amount of amniotic fluid, and placental signs of aging in SGA?
What type of assessment is recommended for evaluating fetal development, amount of amniotic fluid, and placental signs of aging in SGA?
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What is the significance of a baby with SGA having poor skin turgor?
What is the significance of a baby with SGA having poor skin turgor?
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What is the main reason for administering D10W to a baby with SGA?
What is the main reason for administering D10W to a baby with SGA?
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What is the significance of a baby with SGA having a wider skull suture?
What is the significance of a baby with SGA having a wider skull suture?
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What is "MAS" in the context of complications for SGA newborns?
What is "MAS" in the context of complications for SGA newborns?
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What is the term used to describe a lack of coordination of muscle movement, often associated with certain neurological conditions, as mentioned in the provided text?
What is the term used to describe a lack of coordination of muscle movement, often associated with certain neurological conditions, as mentioned in the provided text?
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Which of the following interventions is specifically mentioned as helping to prevent pressure sores in newborns?
Which of the following interventions is specifically mentioned as helping to prevent pressure sores in newborns?
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Which of the following is NOT a type of meningitis mentioned in the text?
Which of the following is NOT a type of meningitis mentioned in the text?
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What is the main reason why infant feeding is a priority in the context of neurological conditions?
What is the main reason why infant feeding is a priority in the context of neurological conditions?
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What is the medical term mentioned in the text that describes a condition characterized by an imbalance of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)?
What is the medical term mentioned in the text that describes a condition characterized by an imbalance of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)?
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Which of the following interventions is specifically recommended for newborns who are NPO (Nil Per Os)?
Which of the following interventions is specifically recommended for newborns who are NPO (Nil Per Os)?
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Which of the following nursing interventions is shared between the management of common acute conditions and the pre-operative nursing intervention?
Which of the following nursing interventions is shared between the management of common acute conditions and the pre-operative nursing intervention?
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Which of the following nursing interventions is most closely related to the prevention of infectious diseases in newborns, as suggested by the text?
Which of the following nursing interventions is most closely related to the prevention of infectious diseases in newborns, as suggested by the text?
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Flashcards
Suctioning
Suctioning
Process of removing secretions from newborn's mouth and nose.
Post-term Newborn
Post-term Newborn
An infant born after 42 weeks of gestation.
Small for Gestational Age (SGA)
Small for Gestational Age (SGA)
Infants whose weight is below the 10th percentile for their gestational age.
Intrauterine Growth Restriction (IUGR)
Intrauterine Growth Restriction (IUGR)
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Primary cause of post-term birth
Primary cause of post-term birth
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Assessment of Post-term Newborn
Assessment of Post-term Newborn
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Nursing Interventions for SGA
Nursing Interventions for SGA
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Maternal Factors for SGA
Maternal Factors for SGA
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SGA
SGA
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LGA
LGA
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Respiratory Distress
Respiratory Distress
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Hypoglycemia
Hypoglycemia
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Cold Stress Management
Cold Stress Management
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Ultrasound Indications
Ultrasound Indications
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Caput Succedaneum
Caput Succedaneum
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Poor Skin Turgor
Poor Skin Turgor
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Pancuronium Bromide
Pancuronium Bromide
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Pneumothorax
Pneumothorax
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Skin Color Assessment
Skin Color Assessment
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Expiratory Grunting
Expiratory Grunting
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Acute Condition Management
Acute Condition Management
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Hyperbilirubinemia
Hyperbilirubinemia
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Tachypnea
Tachypnea
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Seesaw Respiration
Seesaw Respiration
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Natural Phototherapy
Natural Phototherapy
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Kernicterus Prevention
Kernicterus Prevention
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Arterial Blood Gas (ABG)
Arterial Blood Gas (ABG)
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Surfactants
Surfactants
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Serum Bilirubin Levels
Serum Bilirubin Levels
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Artificial Phototherapy
Artificial Phototherapy
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Hypoxia
Hypoxia
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Oxygenated vs Deoxygenated Blood
Oxygenated vs Deoxygenated Blood
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Level of Consciousness (LOC)
Level of Consciousness (LOC)
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Nausea & Vomiting
Nausea & Vomiting
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Hydrocephalus
Hydrocephalus
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Ataxia
Ataxia
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Parasthesia
Parasthesia
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Sunset Eyes
Sunset Eyes
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Nursing Intervention: Small Frequent Feeding
Nursing Intervention: Small Frequent Feeding
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Contract Tracing
Contract Tracing
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Diminished crying
Diminished crying
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Radar gaze
Radar gaze
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Brudzinski Sign
Brudzinski Sign
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Bacterial Meningitis
Bacterial Meningitis
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Seizure precautions
Seizure precautions
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Nursing interventions for meningitis
Nursing interventions for meningitis
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Causative agents of meningitis
Causative agents of meningitis
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Nutritional needs in infants
Nutritional needs in infants
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Study Notes
Common Problems in Preterm and Post-term Infants
- Hyperbilirubinemia: High bilirubin levels in the blood, often due to liver immaturity; jaundice is a common symptom. Kernicterus, irreversible brain damage, can occur if bilirubin levels become too high.
- Infection: Lacking IgG Immunoglobulin is a major factor.
- Cold Stress: Lower subcutaneous fat results in increased risk.
- Anemia: Often due to iron deficiency.
Management of Preterm Infants
- Improve Respiratory Function: Oxygen therapy, mechanical ventilation, and maintaining proper temperature are essential.
- Maintain Body Temperature: Humidity and oxygen concentration control are crucial to prevent infection. Kangaroo care (skin-to-skin contact) is an effective method.
- Prevent Infection: Handwashing is paramount. Isolation from infectious sources is also needed.
- Nutrition: Gavage feeding (tube feeding) may be necessary for some infants, as well as establishing milk feeding. reflexes should be confirmed before feeding.
- Sensory Stimulation: Gentle touch, soft music, and spoken words are beneficial.
Assessment of Preterm Infants
- Respiratory Rate: Irregular and may have episodes of apnea.
- Temperature: Often below normal.
- Skin: Thin with visible blood vessels and minimal subcutaneous fat. Jaundice may be present.
- Other: Poor sucking and swallowing reflex. Bowel sounds are often diminished.
Post-Term Infants
- Immaturity of all body systems.
- Causes are unknown but factors like multiple pregnancies and age of mother can contribute to it.
- Depleted subcutaneous fats, parchment-like/ dry/ wrinkled/ cracked skin, old-looking skin and face, fingernails, abundant scalp, long thin body and meconium staining of umbilical cord are common observations.
- Complications: Intrauterine hypoxia (placental aging), Meconium Aspiration Syndrome (MAS), Hypoglycemia and Inability to maintain regular body temperature.
Large for Gestational Age (LGA)
- Weighs over 4,000g (or 4,500g in some cases)
- Primarily due to gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM).
- Potential problems: respiratory distress, hypoglycemia, hyperbilirubinemia, and fractured skull/clavicles.
Small for Gestational Age (SGA)
- Infants smaller than expected for their gestational age.
- Possible causes include intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR), maternal factors (high blood pressure, chronic kidney disease (CKD), diabetes), infections and substance use by the mother.
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS)
- Results from the immaturity of the lungs and an inability to produce sufficient surfactant (reduces tension in the air sacs).
- Common symptoms include increased respiratory rate, inspiratory grunting, seesaw respiration, decreased breath sounds, cyanosis, and pallor.
- Management involves oxygen therapy and potentially mechanical ventilation, depending on the severity.
Hyperbilirubinemia
- Jaundice (yellowing of skin and eyes) caused by excess bilirubin in the blood.
- Potential causes include liver immaturity (high bilirubin), infection or conditions like maternal diabetes or medications.
- Management aims to reduce bilirubin levels through phototherapy(exposing baby to blue light) or blood transfusions in severe cases.
Neonatal Sepsis
- A generalized bacterial infection in the newborn.
- Common causes include group B streptococcal bacteria.
- Early diagnosis and treatment with antibiotics are critical to prevent serious complications.
Failure to Thrive (FTT)
- Infants who fail to gain weight or grow at the expected rate, potentially due to delayed physical growth.
- Potential causes include organic (related to underlying conditions) and non-organic (non-medical causes).
Hydrocephalus
- An accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in the brain .
- Symptoms often include a large head, vomiting, impaired eye movement (sunset eyes), irritability.
- Management may involve surgical intervention to shunt the excess CSF.
Spina Bifida
- A neural tube defect resulting in incomplete closure of the spinal column.
- Assessment involves visible spinal deficits, motor/sensory involvement, and complications (flaccid paralysis), altered bladder/bowel function, hip and joint problems, and possible hydrocephalus.
- Management often involves surgical closure of the defect and addressing associated complications.
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Description
Test your knowledge on nursing interventions and conditions related to post-term and small for gestational age (SGA) newborns. This quiz covers essential topics such as gestational age, respiratory distress signs, and key nursing assessments. Perfect for nursing students or healthcare professionals.