Podcast
Questions and Answers
Where should the nurse locate the apical pulse on a patient with a normal heart position?
Where should the nurse locate the apical pulse on a patient with a normal heart position?
A patient's heart rate is 140 bpm. Which complication should the nurse closely monitor for?
A patient's heart rate is 140 bpm. Which complication should the nurse closely monitor for?
A patient is experiencing frequent episodes of ventricular fibrillation. Which device is most appropriate for sensing and terminating these episodes?
A patient is experiencing frequent episodes of ventricular fibrillation. Which device is most appropriate for sensing and terminating these episodes?
Which medication would the nurse administer to decrease automaticity in a patient with a rapid heart rate?
Which medication would the nurse administer to decrease automaticity in a patient with a rapid heart rate?
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A patient has a heart rate of 72 bpm with a regular rhythm. Which area is the impulse likely originating from?
A patient has a heart rate of 72 bpm with a regular rhythm. Which area is the impulse likely originating from?
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The nurse is assessing a patient with a permanent pacemaker. Which parameter related to the pacemaker should the nurse document?
The nurse is assessing a patient with a permanent pacemaker. Which parameter related to the pacemaker should the nurse document?
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During which phase of the cardiac action potential does the nurse identify as the resting phase before the next depolarization?
During which phase of the cardiac action potential does the nurse identify as the resting phase before the next depolarization?
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An echocardiogram reveals an ejection fraction of 35%. The nurse anticipates treatment for which condition?
An echocardiogram reveals an ejection fraction of 35%. The nurse anticipates treatment for which condition?
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The nurse observes a patient with a first-degree AV block on the monitor. Which characteristic would the nurse expect to see?
The nurse observes a patient with a first-degree AV block on the monitor. Which characteristic would the nurse expect to see?
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A patient is experiencing a rapid, disorganized ventricular rhythm with no pulse. Which rhythm is the patient likely experiencing?
A patient is experiencing a rapid, disorganized ventricular rhythm with no pulse. Which rhythm is the patient likely experiencing?
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Which nonmodifiable risk factor for atherosclerosis should the nurse educate a patient about?
Which nonmodifiable risk factor for atherosclerosis should the nurse educate a patient about?
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Which of these is the first action a nurse should take when a patient presents with ventricular fibrillation?
Which of these is the first action a nurse should take when a patient presents with ventricular fibrillation?
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When assessing a patient's blood pressure, what does the nurse document as the difference between the systolic and diastolic pressures?
When assessing a patient's blood pressure, what does the nurse document as the difference between the systolic and diastolic pressures?
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When defibrillating a patient with a monophasic defibrillator, what amount of paddle pressure should the nurse apply?
When defibrillating a patient with a monophasic defibrillator, what amount of paddle pressure should the nurse apply?
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Which of these instructions is NOT appropriate for a patient who has had an ICD inserted?
Which of these instructions is NOT appropriate for a patient who has had an ICD inserted?
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A patient recovering from cardiac surgery exhibits peaked T waves, extremity paresthesia, and mental confusion. Which electrolyte imbalance should the nurse prioritize assessing for?
A patient recovering from cardiac surgery exhibits peaked T waves, extremity paresthesia, and mental confusion. Which electrolyte imbalance should the nurse prioritize assessing for?
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After cardiac surgery, a patient develops signs of cardiac failure. Which nursing action would be most crucial in managing this complication?
After cardiac surgery, a patient develops signs of cardiac failure. Which nursing action would be most crucial in managing this complication?
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A patient presents with shortness of breath, lightheadedness, fatigue, and a systolic click during auscultation. Which valvular disorder is most likely based on these findings?
A patient presents with shortness of breath, lightheadedness, fatigue, and a systolic click during auscultation. Which valvular disorder is most likely based on these findings?
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Which of the following complications should the nurse monitor for in a patient who has recently undergone cardiac surgery? (Select all that apply)
Which of the following complications should the nurse monitor for in a patient who has recently undergone cardiac surgery? (Select all that apply)
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A patient with mitral stenosis exhibits a weak and irregular pulse rhythm. Which rhythm is most likely identified on the electrocardiogram (ECG)?
A patient with mitral stenosis exhibits a weak and irregular pulse rhythm. Which rhythm is most likely identified on the electrocardiogram (ECG)?
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A murmur is auscultated during a patient's assessment, which strongly suggests a mitral valve regurgitation. What characteristics describe this murmur?
A murmur is auscultated during a patient's assessment, which strongly suggests a mitral valve regurgitation. What characteristics describe this murmur?
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A patient who is being educated about mitral valve prolapse expresses understanding of the care requirements. Which statement demonstrates their understanding?
A patient who is being educated about mitral valve prolapse expresses understanding of the care requirements. Which statement demonstrates their understanding?
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A patient in the intensive care unit (ICU) after cardiac surgery is being monitored for complications. Which of the following complications is directly associated with altered preload?
A patient in the intensive care unit (ICU) after cardiac surgery is being monitored for complications. Which of the following complications is directly associated with altered preload?
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During an angiography, a patient experiences nausea and difficulty breathing after contrast administration. What is the priority medication to administer?
During an angiography, a patient experiences nausea and difficulty breathing after contrast administration. What is the priority medication to administer?
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A patient with peripheral arterial disease is ambulating in the hallway. What instruction should the nurse provide regarding pain management during ambulation?
A patient with peripheral arterial disease is ambulating in the hallway. What instruction should the nurse provide regarding pain management during ambulation?
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A patient, 2 days post-operatively, presents with pain in the left lower extremity and a 2 cm difference in circumference between the right and left leg. What nursing intervention promotes arterial flow in this scenario?
A patient, 2 days post-operatively, presents with pain in the left lower extremity and a 2 cm difference in circumference between the right and left leg. What nursing intervention promotes arterial flow in this scenario?
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What therapeutic range of the international normalized ratio (INR) indicates effective anticoagulation therapy?
What therapeutic range of the international normalized ratio (INR) indicates effective anticoagulation therapy?
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When does therapeutic benefit from warfarin therapy typically begin?
When does therapeutic benefit from warfarin therapy typically begin?
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What lower extremity assessment finding is characteristic of venous insufficiency?
What lower extremity assessment finding is characteristic of venous insufficiency?
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What education should the nurse provide to a patient with chronic venous insufficiency to prevent complications? (Select all that apply.)
What education should the nurse provide to a patient with chronic venous insufficiency to prevent complications? (Select all that apply.)
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What is the primary reason for administering a diuretic to a patient with deep vein obstruction?
What is the primary reason for administering a diuretic to a patient with deep vein obstruction?
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Which of the following medications would the nurse have at the bedside prior to administering injected allergens for "hyposensitization" to prevent potential systemic reactions?
Which of the following medications would the nurse have at the bedside prior to administering injected allergens for "hyposensitization" to prevent potential systemic reactions?
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A patient has been diagnosed with an allergy to peanuts. Which of the following is a priority for this patient to carry at all times to manage a potential allergic reaction?
A patient has been diagnosed with an allergy to peanuts. Which of the following is a priority for this patient to carry at all times to manage a potential allergic reaction?
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A patient is using Afrin nasal spray for a "stuffy nose." What education should the nurse provide to prevent "rebound congestion"?
A patient is using Afrin nasal spray for a "stuffy nose." What education should the nurse provide to prevent "rebound congestion"?
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Which of the following statements accurately reflects the nurse's best response to a patient who reports that their corticosteroid nasal spray for allergic rhinitis is not working after 3 days?
Which of the following statements accurately reflects the nurse's best response to a patient who reports that their corticosteroid nasal spray for allergic rhinitis is not working after 3 days?
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A patient is taking long-term corticosteroids. Which of the following education points should the nurse prioritize?
A patient is taking long-term corticosteroids. Which of the following education points should the nurse prioritize?
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Which of the following medications is most likely responsible for a severe angioedema reaction that occurs shortly after taking a new antihypertensive medication?
Which of the following medications is most likely responsible for a severe angioedema reaction that occurs shortly after taking a new antihypertensive medication?
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The nurse is preparing to administer a medication. Which of the following areas of concern would the nurse consider when the medication is known to constrict integumentary smooth muscle?
The nurse is preparing to administer a medication. Which of the following areas of concern would the nurse consider when the medication is known to constrict integumentary smooth muscle?
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A patient is receiving a medication that causes bronchodilation. Which of the following symptoms would the nurse monitor for as a potential adverse effect?
A patient is receiving a medication that causes bronchodilation. Which of the following symptoms would the nurse monitor for as a potential adverse effect?
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A patient with type 1 diabetes is experiencing frequent episodes of hypoglycemia. What is the most likely reason for this?
A patient with type 1 diabetes is experiencing frequent episodes of hypoglycemia. What is the most likely reason for this?
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A patient with type 2 diabetes is experiencing significant weight gain despite adhering to a calorie-restricted diet. Which factor is MOST likely contributing to their weight gain?
A patient with type 2 diabetes is experiencing significant weight gain despite adhering to a calorie-restricted diet. Which factor is MOST likely contributing to their weight gain?
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A patient with diabetes is experiencing frequent episodes of hyperglycemia. Which intervention should the nurse prioritize?
A patient with diabetes is experiencing frequent episodes of hyperglycemia. Which intervention should the nurse prioritize?
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A patient with type 1 diabetes presents to the emergency department with diabetic ketoacidosis. Which of the following laboratory values is MOST consistent with this diagnosis?
A patient with type 1 diabetes presents to the emergency department with diabetic ketoacidosis. Which of the following laboratory values is MOST consistent with this diagnosis?
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The nurse is assessing a patient with diabetic neuropathy. Which of the following symptoms is the nurse MOST likely to observe?
The nurse is assessing a patient with diabetic neuropathy. Which of the following symptoms is the nurse MOST likely to observe?
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A patient with type 1 diabetes is admitted to the hospital for the management of hyperglycemia. Which of the following nursing interventions is MOST appropriate in this situation?
A patient with type 1 diabetes is admitted to the hospital for the management of hyperglycemia. Which of the following nursing interventions is MOST appropriate in this situation?
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The nurse is teaching a patient with diabetes about foot care. Which instruction should the nurse prioritize?
The nurse is teaching a patient with diabetes about foot care. Which instruction should the nurse prioritize?
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A patient with diabetes is being discharged home after hospitalization for hyperglycemia. Which of the following discharge instructions should the nurse include?
A patient with diabetes is being discharged home after hospitalization for hyperglycemia. Which of the following discharge instructions should the nurse include?
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Study Notes
CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM
- The heart is a hollow, muscular organ located in the center of the thorax.
- It occupies the space between the lungs (mediastinum) and rests on the diaphragm.
- The heart has three layers:
- Endocardium: The inner layer, consisting of endothelial tissue.
- Myocardium: The middle layer, composed of muscle fibers responsible for pumping action.
- Epicardium: The outer layer.
- The pericardium is a thin, fibrous sac that encases the heart.
- The heart has four chambers: two atria (top chambers) and two ventricles (bottom chambers).
- The heart has four valves: two atrioventricular (AV) valves and two semilunar valves.
- AV valves: Separate the atria from the ventricles.
- Semilunar valves: Shaped like half-moons, and prevent backflow.
- Coronary arteries supply oxygenated blood to the heart muscle.
- Myocardium is the middle muscular layer of the atria and ventricular walls.
- ECG readings record the electrical activity of the heart.
- The sinoatrial node is located in the junction of the superior vena cava and the right atrium.
- Parietal Pericardium supports the heart in the mediastinum.
Situational Questions (Chapter 21)
- Question 1: Pericarditis inflammation is located in the thin fibrous sac encasing the heart.
- Question 2: An abnormal heart sound detected early in diastole is documented as S3.
- Question 3: The apical pulse is located in the left fifth intercostal space at the midclavicular line, in a normal heart position.
- Question 4: A patient's heart rate of 140 bpm requires monitoring for complications such as myocardial ischemia, pulmonary embolism, or right-sided heart failure.
Medications and Conditions Related to Cardiac Health
- Beta-blockers are used to decrease automaticity.
- Metoprolol is a beta-blocker.
- Atrial fibrillation is a condition characterized by an irregular heart rhythm.
- Warfarin is used to prevent complications of atrial thrombi.
- CPR is an initial response for patients without a pulse.
Electrocardiogram (ECG)
- The ECG displays the electrical activity of the heart.
- Phase 4 is the resting phase before the next depolarization.
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Description
Test your knowledge on nursing practices related to cardiology. This quiz covers essential topics, including heart rate management, pacemakers, and cardiac action potentials. Prepare to assess your understanding of cardiac monitoring and interventions.
