Questions and Answers
Which symptom is NOT commonly associated with tuberculosis?
Which diagnostic examination is crucial for confirming tuberculosis?
What is the primary focus of Directly Observed Treatment Short Course (DOTS) for tuberculosis?
Which nursing intervention is contraindicated for a patient undergoing treatment for tuberculosis?
Signup and view all the answers
What is a pathognomonic sign associated with Kaposi's sarcoma?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following is a common side effect of Isoniazid (INH) treatment?
Signup and view all the answers
What is one of the key symptoms indicating possible pulmonary tuberculosis in immunocompromised patients?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following tests is used for the diagnosis of tuberculosis?
Signup and view all the answers
Which condition is NOT typically linked to HIV/AIDS immunocompromised patients?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the incubation period for diseases like tuberculosis in immunocompromised individuals?
Signup and view all the answers
Study Notes
Tuberculosis (TB)
- Highly infectious disease primarily affecting the lungs, caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
- Characterized by persistent cough lasting over three weeks, chest pain, hemoptysis (coughing up blood), loss of appetite, and night fever.
- Additional symptoms include unexplained chronic diarrhea, persistent fever for more than one month, oral candidiasis, and unexplained anemia.
Diagnostic Examination
- AFB Smear (Sputum Smear): Conducted on sputum, not saliva, to identify mycobacteria.
- Chest X-ray: Utilized to assess lung involvement.
- Tuberculin Test (Mantoux Test): Determines exposure to TB through intradermal injection of PPD.
- Genexpert Test: A molecular TB test showing rapid results.
Nursing Interventions
- Dietary Management: Offer small, frequent, high-protein meals for patients experiencing anorexia.
- Education on Drug Compliance: Strict adherence to medication dosage, including Isoniazid (H), Pyrazinamide (Z), and Rifampicin (R).
- Rest and Nutrition: Importance of rest and administration of Vitamin B6 to counteract potential side effects like peripheral neuropathy associated with Isoniazid.
Medical Interventions
- Directly Observed Treatment Short Course (DOTS): Emphasizes the importance of treatment adherence.
-
Medication Side Effects:
- Isoniazid: Possible liver toxicity and neuropathy.
- Rifampicin: Can cause gastrointestinal distress, confusion, and potential visual disturbances.
- Cough Etiquette: Education on proper disposal methods for respiratory secretions to prevent transmission.
Transmission and Risk Factors
- Transmitted via airborne droplets from coughing or sneezing of infected individuals.
- Individuals may carry inactive TB without symptoms but can still transmit the bacteria.
- Heightened cortisol levels affect body temperature and immune response, impacting TB symptoms.
Additional Considerations
- Kaposi’s sarcoma is a pathognomonic sign associated with TB, presenting as painless purple spots on the skin.
- TB potential complications include extra-pulmonary tuberculosis and severe bacterial infections linked to immunocompromised states (e.g. HIV/AIDS).
- Awareness of community transmission risk, especially among individuals under stress or with compromised immune systems.
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
Description
This quiz is designed for nursing students at Trinity University of Asia, focusing on essential nursing concepts and knowledge. It aims to assess understanding and application of nursing principles taught in class. Perfect for preparing for exams and enhancing your nursing education.
