Nursing as a Profession

Professional Nursing Practice

• To act professionally, nurses must use critical thinking skills, administer quality patient-centered care, and be responsible and accountable.
• Professional nursing practice involves understanding the scope of practice and its influence on patients, their families, and communities.

Science and Art of Nursing Practice

• Nursing requires current knowledge, practice standards, an insightful and compassionate approach, critical thinking, and clinical judgment.

Benner's Novice to Expert Model

• Novice nurse: beginner with no nursing experience
• Advanced Beginner: some level of experience, possibly only observational
• Competent: 2-3 years of experience in the same clinical position
• Proficient: more than 2-3 years of experience
• Expert: diverse experience with an intuitive grasp of clinical problems

American Nurses Association (ANA)

• Developed Nursing: Scope and Standards of Practice
• Standards of Professional Nursing Practice
• Standards of Professional Performance
• Code of Ethics

Nursing Process

• Assessment
• Diagnosis
• Outcomes Identification
• Planning
• Implementation
• Evaluation

ANA Standards of Professional Performance

• Ethics
• Advocacy
• Respectful and equitable practice
• Communication
• Collaboration
• Leadership
• Education
• Scholarly Inquiry
• Quality of practice
• Professional practice evaluation
• Resource Stewardship
• Environmental Evaluation

Professional Responsibilities and Roles

• Autonomy and accountability
• Caregiver
• Advocate
• Educator
• Communicator
• Manager

Career Development

• Clinician
• Advanced Practice Registered Nurses (APRNs)
• Clinical nurse specialist
• Nurse practitioner
• Certified nurse-midwife
• Certified registered nurse anesthetist
• Nurse Educator
• Nurse Administrator
• Nurse Researcher

Historical Influences

• Nurses respond to patients' needs and participate in determining best practices
• Knowledge of nursing history helps understand the social and intellectual origins of the discipline

Florence Nightingale

• Established the first nursing philosophy (Nursing Theory) based on health maintenance and restoration
• Organized the first program for training nurses
• Practiced as the first epidemiologist
• Improved sanitation in battlefield hospitals
• Practices remain a basic part of nursing today

Historical Figures

• Clara Barton
• Dorthea Lynde Dix
• Mary Ann Ball (Mother Bickerdyke)
• Harriet Tubman
• Mary Mahoney
• Isabel Hampton Robb
• Lillian Wald
• Mary Brewster

Twentieth Century Developments

• Movement towards scientific, research-based practice and defined body of knowledge
• Nurses assumed expanded roles
• 1906: Mary Adelaide Nutting moved nursing education into universities
• 1920s: Nursing specialization began
• 1990: ANA established the Center for Ethics and Human Rights
• 1994: University of Washington Medical Center became the first Magnet-designated organization

Twenty-First Century Developments

• Nurses are revising practice and school curricula to meet the changing needs of society
• Aging population
• Cultural diversity
• Bioterrorism
• Emerging infections
• Disaster management

Contemporary Influences

• Importance of nurses' self-care
• Health care reform and costs
• Demographic changes
• Medically underserved populations

Trends in Nursing

• Evidence-based practice
• Quality and Safety Education for Nurses (QSEN)
• Impact of emerging technologies
• Genomics
• Public perception of nursing
• Impact of nursing on healthcare

This quiz covers the aspects of nursing as a profession, including critical thinking, patient-centered care, and accountability. It also explores the scope of professional nursing practice and its impact on patients, families, and communities.