Nursing 104: Emic/Etic, De-escalation, I-SBAR-R

• Study notes for Nursing 104 Exam 2 Blueprint January 2025:

Emic vs. Etic Knowledge

• Emic perspective involves understanding a culture from the viewpoint of its members.
• Etic perspective entails viewing a culture from the outside, using universally applicable standards.

De-escalation Techniques

• De-escalation techniques help to reduce the intensity of a conflict or potentially violent situation.
• These techniques aim to create a calm environment, using communication strategies to resolve the issue peacefully.

Interprofessional Teams

• Interprofessional teams are composed of members from different healthcare disciplines.
• Benefits include improved patient outcomes, enhanced communication, and a more comprehensive approach to care.

I-SBAR-R Communication

• I-SBAR-R is a structured communication tool for healthcare professionals.
• The acronym stands for Introduction, Situation, Background, Assessment, Recommendation, and Readback.

Bedside Change of Shift Report

• Bedside change of shift reports involve transferring patient care responsibilities at the patient's bedside.
• Encourages patient involvement, improves communication, and ensures continuity of care.

SMART Goals

• SMART goals are Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Relevant, and Time-bound.
• These goals provide a clear framework for planning and achieving desired outcomes.

Patient Education - Cognitive Domain

• Involves intellectual understanding and knowledge acquisition.
• Teaching methods include discussions, lectures, and written materials.

Patient Education - Affective Domain

• Focuses on emotions, attitudes, and values.
• Strategies include role modeling, discussions, and encouraging self-reflection.

Patient Education - Psychomotor Domain

• Involves physical skills and coordination.
• This domain is taught through demonstration, practice, and return demonstration.

Nurse's Role in Patient Education

• Nurses assess learning needs, develop teaching plans, implement strategies, and evaluate outcomes.

Assessing Client's Readiness to Learn

• Requires evaluating factors like motivation, ability to learn, and available resources.

Conflict Resolution Techniques

• Strategies include active listening, compromise, collaboration, and assertive communication.

Telephone Orders

• Telephone orders are when a healthcare provider gives instructions to a nurse over the phone.

Components of Telephone Orders

• This involves clearly documenting the order and often requires a "read-back" confirmation.

Interprofessional Communication Barriers

• Differences in communication styles, role ambiguity, and power imbalances can hinder effective communication.

IPEC (Interprofessional Education Collaborative)

• IPEC promotes interprofessional education to improve healthcare outcomes.

IPEC (Interprofessional Education Collaborative) Core Competencies

• This encompasses values/ethics, roles/responsibilities, interprofessional communication, and teamwork.

Hospice Care

• Hospice care focuses on providing comfort and support for patients with a terminal illness.

Hospice Care Requirements

• This includes a prognosis of six months or less to live, and a focus on palliative rather than curative treatment.

Palliative Care

• Palliative care aims to improve quality of life for patients and families facing life-threatening illnesses.

Palliative Care Qualifications

• Focuses on managing symptoms, providing emotional support, and addressing spiritual needs.

End of Life - Physiological Manifestations

• Changes such as decreased appetite, altered breathing patterns, and decreased level of consciousness occur.

End of Life - Spirituality

• Spiritual support addresses the patient's and family's beliefs and values.

Health Literacy

• Health literacy is the ability to understand and use health information to make informed decisions.

Impact of Low Health Literacy

• Low health literacy can lead to poor health outcomes, medication errors, and decreased adherence to treatment plans.

Teaching Clients with Low Health Literacy

• Use plain language, visual aids, and teach-back methods to improve comprehension.

Evidence-Based Practices

• Evidence-based practices involve using the best available evidence to guide clinical decision-making.

Steps of Evidence-Based Practice

• Steps include asking a clinical question, searching for evidence, appraising the evidence, applying the evidence, and evaluating the outcomes.

Sources of Credible Information

• Peer-reviewed journals, reputable healthcare organizations, and government agencies are sources of reliable information.

Informatics

• Utilizing data and information to enhance patient care

Purpose and Use of Informatics

• Informatics improves communication, support decision-making, and manage knowledge.

Use of Health Information Technology (HIT)

• HIT includes electronic health records, telehealth, and mobile health apps.

Health Information Technology (HIT) - Benefits

• Improved efficiency, reduced errors, and enhanced patient engagement.

Simulation

• Simulation involves using realistic scenarios to provide hands-on learning experiences.

Simulation - Purpose

• It improves clinical skills, critical thinking, and teamwork in a safe environment.

SOAP Notes

• SOAP notes are a structured method of documenting patient information.

Delegation

• Delegation involves assigning tasks to qualified individuals while retaining accountability for the outcome.

Rights of Delegation

• The five rights include task, circumstance, person, direction/communication, and supervision/evaluation.

Patient Education

• Patient education involves teaching clients how to care for themselves and manage their health conditions.

Strategies for Assessing Learning

• Use strategies such as teach-back, observation, and questioning to ensure understanding.

Therapeutic Communication

• Therapeutic communication involves using verbal and nonverbal techniques to build rapport and promote understanding.

Strategies for Patient Education

• These include creating a supportive environment, using clear language, and involving the patient in the learning process.

Implementation Step in Patient Education

• Carry out the teaching plan using appropriate methods and resources.

Evaluation Step in Patient Education

• Assess the effectiveness of the teaching by measuring learning outcomes and patient satisfaction.

Planning Step in Patient Education

• Developing a teaching plan based on the client's needs and goals.

Time Management

• Time management involves organizing and prioritizing tasks to maximize efficiency.

Strategies for Effective Time Management

• Techniques include setting goals, prioritizing tasks, avoiding procrastination, and managing interruptions.

Clients with Impaired Cognition

• Modify teaching strategies to accommodate cognitive limitations.

Clients with Impaired Cognition - Effective Teaching

• Simplify information, use repetition, and involve caregivers.

Clients with Visual Impairment

• Utilize tactile and auditory teaching methods.

Clients with Visual Impairment - Nursing Actions

• Ensure adequate lighting, provide large print materials, and describe the environment clearly.

Clients with Visual Impairment - Effective Teaching

• Rely on verbal instructions and tactile learning aids to improve patient learning.

Clients with Hearing Loss

• Use visual aids, written materials, and face the client when speaking.

Clients with Hearing Loss - Nursing Actions

• Reduce background noise, speak clearly, and use visual cues.

Clients with Hearing Loss - Effective Teaching

• Ensure the patient can see your mouth, use written materials, and provide hearing assistive devices.

Use of an Interpreter

• Use a trained interpreter to communicate with clients who speak a different language.

Use of an Interpreter - Nursing Actions

• Speak directly to the patient, use short sentences, and allow time for translation.

Access to Healthcare

• Access to healthcare refers to the ability to obtain needed medical services.

Factors Impacting Access to Healthcare

• These include insurance coverage, transportation, language barriers, and cultural beliefs.

Vulnerable Populations

• Groups at higher risk for poor health outcomes due to social, economic, or environmental factors.

Examples of Vulnerable populations

• Include low-income individuals, racial and ethnic minorities, the homeless, and those with mental health issues.

Risks for Vulnerable Populations

• These involve limited access to care, discrimination, and exposure to environmental hazards.

Cultural Bias

• Cultural bias is a prejudice or preference towards a particular cultural viewpoint.

Cultural Bias

• Cultural bias can lead to misunderstandings, discrimination, and inequitable healthcare delivery.