Nursing 101 Unit 1 Study Guide

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary focus of physiological needs according to Maslow's hierarchy?

Safety and security

Social relationships and affection

Self-esteem and recognition

Basic survival requirements (correct)

In the safety needs level of Maslow's hierarchy, which of the following is primarily concerned with preventing harm?

Building meaningful relationships

Providing security measures (correct)

Achieving self-fulfillment

Gaining approval from others

Which stage of Erikson's development focuses on the development of trust through meeting basic physical needs?

Early Childhood: Initiative v Guilt

Adolescence: Identity v Role Confusion

Young Adulthood: Intimacy v Isolation

Infancy: Trust v Mistrust (correct)

What is the significance of esteem needs in Maslow's hierarchy?

To gain respect from oneself and others Signup and view all the answers

What conflict characterizes the toddler stage in Erikson's theory of development?

Autonomy v Shame and Doubt Signup and view all the answers

What is the best description of health?

A state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being. Signup and view all the answers

Which factor does NOT affect communication between a nurse and a patient?

The nurse's favorite color. Signup and view all the answers

What does morbidity refer to?

The frequency of a disease occurrence. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is true about open-ended questions?

They encourage a more in-depth response from the patient. Signup and view all the answers

Which term refers to the abnormal process that alters a patient's functioning in response to disease?

Illness Signup and view all the answers

What is a common emotional challenge in communication concerning illnesses like cancer?

The emotionally charged nature of certain words. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best represents the concept of disease?

A pathological change in the body's function or structure. Signup and view all the answers

What is one effective way to increase awareness of a patient's nonverbal messages?

Implementing nursing observations. Signup and view all the answers

What describes eschar in the context of wound healing?

Hard, dark, and dry tissue Signup and view all the answers

What is the appropriate classification for a healing stage 3 ulcer?

It remains stage 3 even though it is healed Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a preventative measure for ulcer care?

Using moisturizers regularly Signup and view all the answers

Which of these describes the normal pulse amplitude?

+2 for normal Signup and view all the answers

What is the meaning of the 'S1' sound during an apical pulse assessment?

Closure of the Mitral and Tricuspid valves Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of a caregiver in nursing?

Providing compassionate care Signup and view all the answers

What is the normal range for blood pressure diastolic readings?

80 or below Signup and view all the answers

During the PERRLA assessment, which action indicates proper accommodation?

Pupils constrict with light and dilate with darkness Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a step in proper handwashing?

Lathering for 5 seconds Signup and view all the answers

What does the process of doffing PPE include?

Removing gloves, mask, gown, goggles Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of a skin turgor test showing a delay of more than 2 seconds?

Loss of skin elasticity is indicated Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the four blended competencies in nursing?

Technical skills Signup and view all the answers

What type of communication involves the exchange of information between two or more people?

Interpersonal Signup and view all the answers

Which nursing role involves the use of therapeutic communication skills?

Counselor Signup and view all the answers

Which nursing aim focuses on increasing a person’s well-being?

Promote health Signup and view all the answers

What type of theory is the General System Theory in nursing?

Breaks down systems into parts and analyzes them Signup and view all the answers

Which nursing theorist is known for establishing standards in nursing education?

Florence Nightingale Signup and view all the answers

What is the goal of assertive communication?

To promote self-worth and respect Signup and view all the answers

What is the definition of evidence-based practice in nursing?

Using research evidence and patient values in decision making Signup and view all the answers

In the communication process, which component indicates that a message was received and comprehended?

Response Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a step in the nursing process?

Invalidation Signup and view all the answers

What type of communication style is characterized by avoiding confrontation?

Passive Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes Stage 2 of assuming the sick role?

Self-defining as being sick Signup and view all the answers

Which action best reflects acceptance of a diagnosis in Stage 3?

Following the prescribed treatment plan Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary focus of Stage 4 in the recovery process?

Resuming normal activities Signup and view all the answers

Which factor does NOT influence an individual's health perception according to the Health Belief Model?

Personal adventures Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of the Health Promotion Model?

To induce health behaviors leading to positive health outcomes Signup and view all the answers

Which example best describes tertiary prevention?

Rehabilitation from a diagnosed illness Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a risk factor for health and illness?

Religious beliefs Signup and view all the answers

How does Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs relate to nursing?

It provides a framework for understanding care priorities Signup and view all the answers

What is a common challenge for vulnerable populations regarding health care?

Limited resources for health education Signup and view all the answers

Which aspect does the Health & Illness Continuum Model emphasize?

Health state is a dynamic interaction between multiple elements Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes the interaction in the Health & Illness Continuum Model?

A balance between a host, an agent, and the environment Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary feature of secondary prevention?

Identifying diseases through screenings Signup and view all the answers

Which group exemplifies a vulnerable population at risk for poorer health outcomes?

Mentally ill patients Signup and view all the answers

What is one characteristic of Stage 2 when someone is assuming the sick role?

They actively seek medical advice Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Medical Asepsis

Handwashing is crucial for disinfection from microorganisms, especially after contact with bodily fluids.
Proper handwashing steps include: gathering supplies, removing jewelry, rinsing hands downwards, lathering for 15-20 seconds, rinsing downwards from the wrist, patting dry with fingertips up, and turning off the water.
Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) includes gloves, masks, goggles/face shields, and gowns with specific donning and doffing procedures.
Hand sanitizing involves checking product direction, applying the correct amount of sanitizer, distributing it thoroughly, and allowing it to dry.

Nursing & Nursing Practice

Nursing is defined as the care of others, blending art (application of knowledge) and science (knowledge itself).
Primary duty encompasses social, spiritual, emotional, and physical aspects of patient care.
Roles of nursing include: caregiver, communicator, teacher/educator, counselor, leader, researcher, advocate, and collaborator - all interrelated roles.
Aims of nursing focus on promoting health, preventing illness, restoring health, and facilitating coping with disability or death.
Four blended competencies: cognitive (knowledge), technical (skills), interpersonal (communication), and ethical/legal.

Nursing as a Profession

Nurse Practice Acts are state-specific laws regulating nursing practice, protecting both nurses and public.
The American Nurses Association (ANA) outlines the scope of practice and ethical standards.
Key nursing criteria include a well-defined body of knowledge, strong service orientation, authority by a professional group, a code of ethics, recognized standards, ongoing research, and autonomy.

Nursing Theories & Theorists

General System Theory breaks systems into parts for better understanding, while Adaptation Theory focuses on continuous change and response.
Florence Nightingale established nursing as a distinct profession, emphasizing personal care, hospital management standards, and the importance of nutrition.
Clara Barton founded the American Red Cross; Lavinia Dock was a nursing leader and women's rights advocate.

QSEN Competencies

Quality & Safety Education for Nurses (QSEN) provides guidelines for improving patient safety outcomes through collaborative educational models.
Core values in QSEN include patient-centered care and continuous quality improvement.

Evidence-Based Practice

Evidence-based practice integrates research evidence, patient preferences, and clinical expertise in decision-making to achieve quality patient outcomes.

Communication

Communication is the exchange of information, necessitating an active process involving sending, receiving, and feedback.
Types of communication include verbal (spoken or written) and nonverbal (body language), both should be congruent.
Effective communication styles include assertiveness, promoting respect and clarity, contrasted with passive and aggressive styles.

Health & Illness

Health is defined as complete physical, mental, and social well-being; illness refers to abnormal responses altering function due to disease.
Morbidity and mortality metrics measure population health; morbidity assesses disease frequency, while mortality tracks death rates.
From acute illness to recovery stages, patients may assume various roles impacting their interactions with healthcare, guided by the nurse.

Health Models

Health models include the Health Belief Model, Health & Illness Continuum Model, and Health Promotion Model, each outlining beliefs, conditions, and behaviors impacting health actions.
Prevention levels: primary (preventing disease), secondary (early detection), and tertiary (rehabilitation after treatment) promote healthcare management.

Risk Factors & Vulnerable Populations

Health risk factors include age, environment, socioeconomic status, culture, education, and lifestyle.
Vulnerable populations include those living in poverty, women, children, older adults, rural/inner city residents, new immigrants, the homeless, and individuals with disabilities.

Maslow & Erikson

Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs outlines five levels: physiological, safety, belonging, esteem, and self-actualization, driving priority in patient care.
Erikson's Eight Stages of Development address critical psychosocial conflicts at different life stages, influencing individual growth and health outcomes.### Eschar and Slough
Slough: Soft, moist, yellow or white loose/stringy material found in wounds.
Eschar: Hard, dark (black or brown) and dry tissue in wounds.
Healing Stage: If a stage 3 ulcer is improving, it remains classified as a healing stage 3 ulcer.

Preventative Measures for Wound Care

Hygiene: Maintain cleanliness to prevent infection.
Moisturizers: Apply to keep skin hydrated.
No Massage: Avoid massaging affected areas to prevent further tissue damage.
Protect from Incontinence: Ensure the affected skin stays dry and clean.
Avoid Friction & Shearing Forces: Minimize movement that can cause skin damage.
Diet & Nutritional Supplements: Promote healing through proper nutrition.
Improve Mobility/Activity: Encourage movement to enhance circulation.

Health Assessment

Pulse Amplitude:
- +1: Faint pulse
- +2: Normal pulse
- +3: Bounding pulse
Apical Pulse:
- S1: Closure of the Mitral and Tricuspid valves.
- S2: Closure of the Aortic and Pulmonary valves.

Pulse Sites

Temporal, Carotid, Radial, Brachial, Femoral, Popliteal, Posterior Tibial, Dorsalis Pedialis.

Blood Pressure and Pulse Pressure

Normal Blood Pressure:
- Systolic: Less than 120
- Diastolic: Less than 80
Elevated Blood Pressure:
- Systolic: 120-129
- Diastolic: 80
Hypertension Stage 1:
- Systolic: 130-139
- Diastolic: 80-89
Hypertension Stage 2:
- Systolic: 140-179
- Diastolic: 90-119
Hypertensive Crisis:
- Systolic: 180 and above
- Diastolic: 120 and above
Pulse Pressure: Calculated as Systolic - Diastolic.

PERRLA

Stands for Pupils Equal, Round, Reactive, and Accommodating.
Accommodation: Pupils constrict with light and dilate in darkness.
Convergence: Pupils move together when tracking objects.

Skin Turgor

Refers to skin elasticity.
Normal skin should return within less than 2 seconds.
Prolonged pinching indicates loss of elasticity, often observed in older adults.

Denture Care

Place a towel in the bottom of the sink while cleaning dentures to prevent breakage.

Normal Ranges of Temperature, Pulse, and Respirations

Temperature:
- Fahrenheit: 97 - 99
- Celsius: 36.1 - 37.2
Pulse: Normal range is 60-100 bpm.
Respirations: Normal range is 12-20 breaths per minute.

Pulse Deficit

Calculated by subtracting the radial pulse from the apical pulse.

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Description

Prepare for your Nursing 101 course with this comprehensive Unit 1 Study Guide focusing on Medical Asepsis. This guide includes essential steps like handwashing techniques and proper hygiene practices crucial for nursing students. Test your knowledge and ensure you're ready for practical applications in healthcare settings.