Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which of the following is NOT a way that a researcher can ensure autonomy in a study?
Which of the following is NOT a way that a researcher can ensure autonomy in a study?
Which ethical principle is the foundation of the right to self-determination?
Which ethical principle is the foundation of the right to self-determination?
Which of the following actions could be considered a violation of the right to self-determination?
Which of the following actions could be considered a violation of the right to self-determination?
Privacy is defined as the freedom to determine the time, extent, and circumstances under which a person's information is shared with others. What type of information is specifically mentioned as private?
Privacy is defined as the freedom to determine the time, extent, and circumstances under which a person's information is shared with others. What type of information is specifically mentioned as private?
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How does 'Informed Consent' address concerns about privacy in research?
How does 'Informed Consent' address concerns about privacy in research?
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Which of the following is NOT explicitly mentioned as a human right requiring protection in research?
Which of the following is NOT explicitly mentioned as a human right requiring protection in research?
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Which of the following actions would MOST likely be considered a violation of the right to privacy in research?
Which of the following actions would MOST likely be considered a violation of the right to privacy in research?
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What is the connection between 'coercion' and the violation of self-determination?
What is the connection between 'coercion' and the violation of self-determination?
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Which of the following is NOT an example of ensuring autonomy in research?
Which of the following is NOT an example of ensuring autonomy in research?
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Which of the following aspects of research ethics is MOST closely related to the right to anonymity and confidentiality?
Which of the following aspects of research ethics is MOST closely related to the right to anonymity and confidentiality?
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Which of the following is NOT considered a level of discomfort or harm in research?
Which of the following is NOT considered a level of discomfort or harm in research?
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What principle is the right to protection from discomfort and harm derived from?
What principle is the right to protection from discomfort and harm derived from?
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When obtaining informed consent, which of the following is NOT an essential element?
When obtaining informed consent, which of the following is NOT an essential element?
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What is the primary purpose of providing participants with a detailed explanation of the potential risks and benefits of participating in a study?
What is the primary purpose of providing participants with a detailed explanation of the potential risks and benefits of participating in a study?
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Which of the following is a primary way to ensure that the risks of participating in a research study are avoided?
Which of the following is a primary way to ensure that the risks of participating in a research study are avoided?
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Which of the following ethical principles is NOT directly influenced by historical research abuses such as the Tuskegee Syphilis Study?
Which of the following ethical principles is NOT directly influenced by historical research abuses such as the Tuskegee Syphilis Study?
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Which of the following statements BEST describes the connection between ethics and evidence-based practice?
Which of the following statements BEST describes the connection between ethics and evidence-based practice?
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Which of the following is NOT a core ethical principle in research?
Which of the following is NOT a core ethical principle in research?
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How do codes of ethics contribute to the protection of human rights in research?
How do codes of ethics contribute to the protection of human rights in research?
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Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of human rights in research?
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of human rights in research?
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Which of the following statements accurately describes the relationship between ethics and the conduct of research?
Which of the following statements accurately describes the relationship between ethics and the conduct of research?
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Which of the following is an example of a potential ethical violation in research?
Which of the following is an example of a potential ethical violation in research?
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What is the primary purpose of ethical review boards (ERBs) in research?
What is the primary purpose of ethical review boards (ERBs) in research?
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Which of the following is NOT an example of a potential breach of confidentiality in research?
Which of the following is NOT an example of a potential breach of confidentiality in research?
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What ethical principle is violated when researchers use selection criteria that are biased based on factors like race or gender?
What ethical principle is violated when researchers use selection criteria that are biased based on factors like race or gender?
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Which of the following best describes the difference between anonymity and confidentiality in research?
Which of the following best describes the difference between anonymity and confidentiality in research?
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Why is it important to avoid using obvious identification tags like names or email addresses in research?
Why is it important to avoid using obvious identification tags like names or email addresses in research?
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In which of the following research situations is the right to fair selection and treatment most likely to be violated?
In which of the following research situations is the right to fair selection and treatment most likely to be violated?
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What is the PRIMARY ethical concern related to the use of a code system to identify participants in a research database?
What is the PRIMARY ethical concern related to the use of a code system to identify participants in a research database?
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What is the MOST important step a researcher must take to ensure that research findings are reported in a way that protects the participants' anonymity?
What is the MOST important step a researcher must take to ensure that research findings are reported in a way that protects the participants' anonymity?
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Which of the following is NOT a potential harmful consequence of a breach of confidentiality in research?
Which of the following is NOT a potential harmful consequence of a breach of confidentiality in research?
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The principle of justice in research ethics emphasizes that ___.
The principle of justice in research ethics emphasizes that ___.
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Which of the following is the MOST important factor in determining whether a research study is ethical?
Which of the following is the MOST important factor in determining whether a research study is ethical?
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Flashcards
Ethics
Ethics
Moral principles of right and wrong guiding behavior.
Codes of Ethics
Codes of Ethics
Official guidelines governing ethical standards in research.
Willowbrook Study
Willowbrook Study
A historical study that violated human rights.
Tuskegee Syphilis Study
Tuskegee Syphilis Study
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Human Rights
Human Rights
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Empirical Knowledge
Empirical Knowledge
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Ethical Principles
Ethical Principles
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Evidence-based Practice
Evidence-based Practice
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Ethical Responsibility in Nursing Research
Ethical Responsibility in Nursing Research
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Human Rights in Research
Human Rights in Research
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Right to Self-Determination
Right to Self-Determination
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Ensuring Autonomy
Ensuring Autonomy
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Violation of Self-Determination
Violation of Self-Determination
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Right to Privacy
Right to Privacy
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Informed Consent
Informed Consent
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Coercion in Research
Coercion in Research
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Anonymity and Confidentiality
Anonymity and Confidentiality
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Fair Selection and Treatment
Fair Selection and Treatment
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Favouritism
Favouritism
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Beneficence Principle
Beneficence Principle
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Elements of Informed Consent
Elements of Informed Consent
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Right to Anonymity
Right to Anonymity
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Right to Confidentiality
Right to Confidentiality
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Complete Anonymity
Complete Anonymity
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Breach of Confidentiality
Breach of Confidentiality
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Ensuring Confidentiality
Ensuring Confidentiality
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Selection Bias
Selection Bias
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Ethical Principle of Justice
Ethical Principle of Justice
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Harmful Consequences
Harmful Consequences
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Data Reporting Ethics
Data Reporting Ethics
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Identification Tags
Identification Tags
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Study Notes
NURS 345 Nursing Research - Session 10: Ethical Considerations in Research
- Ethical research is crucial for generating sound, evidence-based practice. It's essential to critically appraise the ethical aspects of published studies and research in clinical settings.
- This session outlines ethical principles guiding biomedical and behavioral research.
Session Objectives
- Understand the concept of ethics in nursing research.
- Learn about the ethical principles governing research.
Session Outline
- Ethics in Research
- Ethical Principles in Research
Reading List
- Grove, S.K., Burns, N., & Gray, J.R. (2014). Understanding Nursing Research: Building an Evidence-based Practice. Elsevier Health Sciences (Read Chapter 4).
Ethics in Nursing Research (Topic One)
- Ethics are moral principles regarding right and wrong, embedded in codes.
- Codes of ethics emerged from historical studies that violated human rights, such as the Willowbrook Study, the Tuskegee Syphilis Study, and Nazi Medical Experiments.
Human Rights During Research
- Human rights are claims and demands justified by individuals or groups.
- Nurses have an ethical responsibility to protect participants' rights when conducting or reviewing research within their agencies, or assisting with data collection.
Human Rights Elements for Protection
- Rights to self-determination, privacy, anonymity/confidentiality, fair selection/treatment, and protection from discomfort/harm.
Ethical Considerations in Nursing Research (Topic Two)
Right to Self-Determination (Autonomy)
- Based on respecting persons, recognizing humans' capacity to control their destiny.
- People should be treated as autonomous agents, free to make their own choices without external controls.
Ensuring Autonomy
- Inform participants about the study.
- Allow participants to choose to participate.
- Allow participants to withdraw at any time without penalty.
Violation of Self-Determination
- Coercion
- Covert data collection
- Deception (these practices violate autonomy)
Right to Privacy
- Individuals control when, to what extent, and under what circumstances their private information is shared.
- Private information includes attitudes, beliefs, behaviors, opinions, and records.
- Sharing private information without consent or knowledge is an invasion of privacy.
Ensuring Right to Privacy
- Understanding informed consent helps determine permissible information types for research and sharing.
- Research reports should demonstrate how privacy was protected.
Right to Anonymity and Confidentiality
- Participants have a right to anonymity (identity concealed) and confidentiality (data kept private from unauthorized access).
- Complete anonymity means that the participant's identify cannot be linked to their responses even by the researcher.
- Confidentiality involves safe management by the researcher to protect participant data.
Breach of Confidentiality
- Breaches of confidentiality may occur unintentionally or deliberately (allowing unauthorized access to data, or publishing information revealing participants' identities).
Assignment
- Identify types of information that lead to confidentiality breaches.
- Explain how breaches of confidentiality can harm participants.
- Discuss among group members to understand these points.
Right to Fair Selection and Treatment
- Ethical principle of justice: participants must be treated fairly.
- Unfair selection (e.g., biased criteria) in research violates human rights.
Ensuring Fair Selection and Treatment
- Avoid biased selection criteria (e.g., race, gender, sexual practices).
- Avoid favoritism toward specific groups.
- Ensure equal benefits for all participants.
Protection from Discomfort and Harm (Beneficence)
- Researchers should strive to benefit and minimize harm to participants
- Researchers must assess and mitigate potential physical, emotional, social, and economic risks and outline them for participants.
For Group Discussion Exercises
- Understand levels of discomfort and harm in research (no anticipated effects, temporary discomfort, unusual discomfort, risk of permanent damage, and certainty of permanent damage)
- Provide practical examples of different harm levels.
- Identify strategies ensuring these risks are minimized.
Informed Consent
- Disclosure of specific information regarding research.
- Participants must understand the information; informed consent implies comprehension and understanding, not just receiving information.
- Voluntary consent without coercion or undue influence.
Essentials of Informed Consent
- Disclosure of essential information
- Comprehension of information by the participant
- Competence of the participant to provide consent
- Voluntary consent of the participant
Summary
- Human rights in research include: self-determination, privacy, anonymity/confidentiality, fair selection/treatment, and protection from discomfort/harm.
- Informed consent involves conveying essential information, ensuring understanding, ensuring consent capacity, and obtaining voluntary consent.
References
- Burns, N., Grove, S. K., & Gray, J.R. (2015). Understanding nursing research: building an evidence-based practice. 6th edition. St. Louis, Missouri: Elsevier.
- Polit, D. F., & Beck, C. T. (2010). Essentials of Nursing Research: Appraising Evidence for Nursing Practice. Wolters Kluwer Health/Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
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Description
This quiz focuses on ethical considerations in nursing research, highlighting key principles that underpin research in biomedical and behavioral fields. Participants will learn to critically appraise published studies and understand the importance of ethics in evidence-based practice.