NUR 486 Hemodynamic Monitoring Quiz

Hemodynamic Monitoring

• Hemodynamic monitoring is a critical review topic in NUR 486.
• Key components of monitoring include CO, CI, SV, SVR, PVR, and SvO2/ScvO2.
• Cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP) is crucial for ensuring adequate blood flow to the brain.
• CPP is calculated as MAP - ICP.
• ICP (intracranial pressure) can be a critical factor in monitoring.
• Cerebral vasospasm is a significant concern related to hemodynamic monitoring.
• Brain death is a severe outcome associated with hemodynamic monitoring.

Ischemic Stroke vs. Hemorrhagic Stroke

• Ischemic strokes and hemorrhagic strokes are separate entities. Understanding their differences is important.
• Traumatic brain injury is a separate but related topic, distinct from stroke
• Ventilation is a key factor in managing TBI

Ventilator Settings

• Positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) is a ventilator setting.
• Various settings like assist-control ventilation (ACV), synchronized intermittent mandatory ventilation (SIMV), pressure support (PS), and pressure control (PC) are also used.
• Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) is another ventilator setting type.

Intubation Drugs

• Common sedation agents such as benzodiazepines (Ativan, Versed) and propofol (Diprivan) are used.
• Flumazenil (Romazicon) is an antidote to benzodiazepines used in this context
• Common neuromuscular blocking agents (NMB agents) are also used during intubation.

ABGs (Arterial Blood Gases)

• ABGs are important in assessing respiratory and metabolic status.
• Key values include pH (7.34-7.45), PaCO2 (35-45), and HCO3 (22-26).
• These values indicate normal ranges.
• Acid-base imbalances are associated with specific deviations in these ranges.
• Acute respiratory acidosis and alkalosis, as well as metabolic acidosis and alkalosis, are examples of possible imbalances, and how ABG data can be used to quickly identify them.

End-Stage COPD, Esophageal Varices, Acute Pancreatitis, Cirrhosis, and Hepatic Encephalopathy

• End-stage COPD, esophageal varices, acute pancreatitis, cirrhosis, and hepatic encephalopathy are conditions with specific considerations in patient care.

HHS vs. DKA, Hyperthyroidism, Retroperitoneal Aortic Rupture, and Suctioning

• HHS (hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state) and DKA (diabetic ketoacidosis) require different management protocols.
• Hyperthyroidism and retroperitoneal aortic rupture are additional conditions that require specialized care, including precise diagnostics.
• Suctioning is often used, and guidelines like every 2-4 hours, PRN, pre-oxygenation, max duration of 10 seconds should be followed.

Elevated Potassium Treatment

• Treatment for elevated potassium includes calcium gluconate, bicarbonate, insulin, glucose, Kayexalate, and dialysis.

Chronic & Acute Renal Failure and MI (Myocardial Infarction)

• Chronic and acute renal failure management varies, and symptoms ranging from no symptoms to sudden cardiac arrest.
• Chest pain radiating to other areas, shortness of breath, and feeling unwell are common symptoms.
• Delaying history-taking is important if the patient is experiencing significant chest pain and/or distress.

MI (Myocardial Infarction) Diagnostics and Medications

• Aspirin, nitrates (SL, IV, topical), morphine sulfate, beta-adrenergic blockers (like propranolol, metoprolol, and atenolol), and calcium channel blockers (like nifedipine) are often used for MI management.

Various Rhythms & Cardiac Cycle

• Identifying different cardiac rhythms is a key component of patient assessment. Various types of rhythm abnormalities are possible and the cardiac cycle includes phases like atria contraction and ventricular contraction.

Pneumothorax, Femur Fracture, and Trauma

• Pneumothorax (lung collapse) and femur fractures have unique diagnostic and treatment considerations. Additionally, managing trauma using the ABCDEFG approach is essential to assessing and initiating emergency care.

Autonomic Dysreflexia, Spinal Cord Injury, and Trauma

• Important conditions requiring specific responses

Bites, Poisoning, Drowning, and Burns

• Bites, poisoning, drowning, and burns have different treatment approaches. Understanding initial response is critical.
• Fluids and drug therapies, as well as other support systems, are crucial in care in all of these emergencies.