NUR 351 Final Exam Study Guide

SBAR stands for Situation, Background, Assessment, Recommendation. It's a communication method used to clearly and concisely share patient information.

Factors that increase the likelihood of a patient experiencing a fall, infection, or other safety event; Examples include impaired mobility or orthostatic hypotension.

Nursing interventions for patients who are dying, focusing on comfort, symptom management, and a supportive environment.

A patient's willingness and ability to absorb and retain information about their health conditions and treatment.

Factors that hinder a patient's ability to learn, such as cognitive limitations, emotional distress, or cultural beliefs.

Actions a patient takes to maintain or improve their health, such as monitoring symptoms, taking medication, and adhering to appointments.

Strategies to prevent disease or injury from occurring in the first place. Examples are health education and immunizations.

Strategies to detect and treat diseases or injuries early, before they become severe. Examples are screenings for cancer or high blood pressure.

Measures taken to prevent disease from ever occurring.

Early detection of disease to allow for treatment; catch it early.

Stopping disease progression and getting back to normal.

Symptoms like fever, pain, redness, swelling, and drainage.

Severe allergic reaction with symptoms like difficulty breathing, rash, and itching.

Epinephrine (IM) injection to constrict blood vessels and improve heart function.

Checking for signs of infection around a surgical or insertion site.

Assessment, monitoring, and treatment of postoperative pain, encompassing both medication and non-pharmacologic methods.

Slow heart rhythm originating from the sinoatrial (SA) node.

Fast heart rhythm originating from the sinoatrial (SA) node.

Irregular, rapid heart rhythm originating in the atria.

Rapid, irregular heart rhythm originating in the ventricles.

Uncoordinated heart rhythm originating in the ventricles.

A heart rhythm that can lead to cardiac arrest.

Normal heartbeat originating from the SA node.

Immediate CPR and defibrillation.

Chest pain, neck/jaw/shoulder pain, fatigue, shortness of breath, abdominal pain; women may have vague symptoms.

Difficulty swallowing, often associated with aspiration risk. Nursing interventions include positioning the patient upright, limiting distractions during meals, offering small frequent meals, and using thickened liquids.

Explain stable vs. unstable angina, balance rest and activity, recommend smoking cessation, and teaching nitroglycerin use (how, when).

Specific procedures implemented to prevent food or liquids from entering the airway. This might include elevating the head of the bed, limiting distractions during meals, providing small frequent meals, and ensuring the patient rests between bites.

Diagnose coronary artery disease (CAD) and potentially remove blockages (plaque/thrombus), inserting stents.

A calcium channel blocker used to treat hypertension. It can cause hypotension, bradycardia, and dizziness as a side effect.

A procedure that involves visualizing the respiratory tract directly using a flexible tube with a camera. This enables tissue analysis and biopsies.

Balloon catheter inserted into a blocked coronary artery and inflated to open it, potentially using stents for long-term patency.

Sputum that is green, has a foul odor, and is accompanied by cough and fever is a possible sign of a lung infection.

Nursing interventions prior to a bronchoscopy include ensuring the patient is NPO for at least 8 hours.

Stress management, smoking cessation, diet improvement, weight management, and exercise to address modifiable CAD factors.

Devices like nasal cannulas and face masks that deliver oxygen at relatively low flow rates.

Beta blockers (e.g., Metoprolol) to lower heart rate and workload, and ACE inhibitors (e.g., Lisinopril) to lower blood pressure.

Chest tubes are inserted to expel air or fluid from the pleural space, allowing the lung to re-expand and improve gas exchange.

Nursing care after a bronchoscopy involves monitoring for hypoxia and bleeding, and ensuring the gag reflex returns before allowing the patient to eat or drink.

A laboratory test that examines mucus coughed up from the lungs to identify microorganisms or abnormal cell growth.

Spironolactone can cause high potassium; monitor closely.

High potassium levels in the blood can cause heart rhythm abnormalities (arrhythmias).

Furosemide can cause low potassium; monitor closely.

Collecting and testing the sputum to check for infections. Prior to the collection, the patient should rinse their mouth to minimize contamination.

Low potassium levels can lead to neurological issues, including possible brain herniation if corrected too quickly.

Pneumonia contracted outside of a healthcare setting, primarily affecting elderly or smokers.

Pneumonia acquired during a hospital stay, often affecting patients with risk factors like antibiotic therapy, immunosuppression, or chronic diseases.

Pneumonia acquired outside of a hospital, but related to recent hospital discharge or healthcare exposure.