NUR-3423: Children with Neuromuscular and Cerebral Disorders
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary disorder associated with upper motor neuron lesions in children?

  • Myasthenia gravis
  • Spina bifida
  • Cerebral palsy (correct)
  • Muscular dystrophy
  • Which of the following is NOT a symptom of neuromuscular dysfunction in children?

  • Hypertonia (correct)
  • Hyperactive deep tendon reflexes
  • Weakness
  • Atrophy of skeletal muscles
  • What is the primary purpose of the FOUR Score Scale in pediatric neurological assessment?

  • To assess level of consciousness (correct)
  • To measure electric activity in muscles
  • To evaluate nerve conduction
  • To confirm and classify muscle disease
  • Which of the following is a red flag for child neurological assessment?

    <p>Irritability and restlessness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for inflammation of the membranes that surround the brain and spinal cord?

    <p>Meningitis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which diagnostic tool is used to measure electric activity in muscles?

    <p>Electromyogram (EMG)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common cause of meningitis in newborns and young babies?

    <p>Group B streptococcus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common symptom of meningitis in children older than one year?

    <p>Neck and/or back pain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of a lumbar puncture (spinal tap) in the diagnosis of meningitis?

    <p>To remove a small amount of cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) for testing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common sign of meningitis in infants?

    <p>Bulging fontanel</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a symptom of meningitis in children?

    <p>Delayed speech development</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is another diagnostic tool used in the diagnosis of meningitis?

    <p>Computed tomography (CT) scan</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the estimated incidence of Cerebral Palsy (CP) per 1000 live births?

    <p>1.5 to more than 4</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of CP cases are due to unknown prenatal factors?

    <p>70 to 80%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary determinant of CP in preterm birth?

    <p>Preterm birth of ELBW and VLBW</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which classification system is used to assess the gross motor function of children with CP?

    <p>Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary cause of brain damage in Cerebral Palsy?

    <p>Anoxia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of therapy for children with CP?

    <p>Establish locomotion and communication skills</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the examination used to assess neuromotor impairment in children with CP?

    <p>Hammersmith Infant Neurological Examination (HINE)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary manifestation of CP related to anatomic areas of brain damage?

    <p>Alterations of muscle tone and reflex abnormalities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary type of botulinum toxin used to decrease spasticity in CP?

    <p>Botulinum toxin type A (Botox)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of pharmacologic interventions in CP?

    <p>To decrease spasticity</p> Signup and view all the answers

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