NUR-3423: Children with Neuromuscular and Cerebral Disorders

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What is the primary disorder associated with upper motor neuron lesions in children?

Myasthenia gravis
Spina bifida
Cerebral palsy (correct)
Muscular dystrophy

Which of the following is NOT a symptom of neuromuscular dysfunction in children?

Hypertonia (correct)
Hyperactive deep tendon reflexes
Weakness
Atrophy of skeletal muscles

What is the primary purpose of the FOUR Score Scale in pediatric neurological assessment?

To assess level of consciousness (correct)
To measure electric activity in muscles
To evaluate nerve conduction
To confirm and classify muscle disease

Which of the following is a red flag for child neurological assessment?

Irritability and restlessness (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for inflammation of the membranes that surround the brain and spinal cord?

Meningitis (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which diagnostic tool is used to measure electric activity in muscles?

Electromyogram (EMG) (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common cause of meningitis in newborns and young babies?

Group B streptococcus (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is a common symptom of meningitis in children older than one year?

Neck and/or back pain (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of a lumbar puncture (spinal tap) in the diagnosis of meningitis?

To remove a small amount of cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) for testing (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is a common sign of meningitis in infants?

Bulging fontanel (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a symptom of meningitis in children?

Delayed speech development (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is another diagnostic tool used in the diagnosis of meningitis?

Computed tomography (CT) scan (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the estimated incidence of Cerebral Palsy (CP) per 1000 live births?

1.5 to more than 4 (A) Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of CP cases are due to unknown prenatal factors?

70 to 80% (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary determinant of CP in preterm birth?

Preterm birth of ELBW and VLBW (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which classification system is used to assess the gross motor function of children with CP?

Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS) (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary cause of brain damage in Cerebral Palsy?

Anoxia (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of therapy for children with CP?

Establish locomotion and communication skills (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the examination used to assess neuromotor impairment in children with CP?

Hammersmith Infant Neurological Examination (HINE) (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary manifestation of CP related to anatomic areas of brain damage?

Alterations of muscle tone and reflex abnormalities (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary type of botulinum toxin used to decrease spasticity in CP?

Botulinum toxin type A (Botox) (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of pharmacologic interventions in CP?

To decrease spasticity (A) Signup and view all the answers